Caladium - zomera zimatha. Caladium ili ndi masamba osambira okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Iwo ali variegated, ofanana ndi mtima, akhoza kukhala ndi mabala achikuda ndi zithunzi zosiyana ndi maonekedwe. Maluwawo amasonkhanitsidwa mumtchire, ali ochepa kwambiri, koma caladium siwotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa, koma chifukwa cha mtundu wodabwitsa wa masamba a masamba akuluakulu. Mwamwayi, Kaladiums tikukondweretseni ife ndi kukongola kwa timapepala kwa kanthawi kochepa (kuyambira tsiku loyamba kumapeto mpaka m'dzinja). Kaladium ndi chomera, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imayamba nthawi yopumula. Mafiyala, zouma, amagwa, ndipo chomera "chimagona" kufikira masika.
Ngakhale kuti caladium ndi yokongola zomera, tubers ake amagwiritsidwanso ntchito - chakudya. Chomeracho chimabzalidwa m'minda ya botani, m'zipinda, m'minda.
Zomera zam'mlengalenga za kaladium zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Iwo amafuna kwambiri zinthu. Kuti caladium ikhale ndi kukula, m'pofunika kusunga ulamuliro wolimba, mwinamwake udzafa. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi hothouse kapena zenera zatsekedwa maluwa.
Caladium: Mitundu
Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya caladium. Onsewa ali ogwirizana mu gulu lonse, lomwe limatchedwa munda kaladiumami (S. x hortulanum Birdsey), makamaka, amawapatsa:
- Caldium wa Humboldt;
- Caladium awiri;
- Caladium ya Schomburg; Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi mitundu yambiri: siliva mutu K., wofiira K., woopsa K.
- C. candidum
- C. bicolor
- C. modzimanga
Caladium: chisamaliro
Kaladium imafuna kuwala kowala koma kosavuta. Kuwala kochokera ku dzuwa, caladium ikhoza kusamutsidwa panthawi yamasana ndi yam'mawa, komanso m'mawa. Miphika ndi chomera ayenera kuikidwa pazenera za kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Ngati caladium iikidwa pazenera kumbali yakum'mwera, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchitidwa mofulumira.
Sungani caladium pa madigiri 25. Sitiyenera kukhala otsika kuposa madigiri 20. Izi, mwachidziwikire, zimathandizanso kutentha komwe kumayenera kukhala m'nthaka. Ngati pali nthawi yopuma, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 18.
Pamene nyengo yobzala imabwera, caladium iyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, ali ndi nthawi yothetsera. Kutentha kumafunika kutentha kutentha. Nthaŵi yotsatira mbeuyo ikamwetsedwanso pambuyo pazitali zapansi padziko lapansi. Koma dothi ladothi mu mphika likhalebe lonyowa. Mukhoza kuika mphika wa caladium pa peat kapena madzi. M'masiku otsiriza a chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September kuthirira kumayamba kuchepa. Pamene nthawi yotsala ikuyamba, nthawi zina dziko lapansi limafunika kuti lizitsuka kuti lisamayidwe. Pambuyo pa chomera choikapo, chiyenera kuthiridwa mosamala, kotero kuti palibe choposa. Kuthirira kumawonjezeka mofanana ndi kukula kwa mtundu wobiriwira.
Zipinda zapakhomo ngati chinyezi. Ziyenera kukhala pamlingo wa 70%. Ngati chinyontho cha mbeu sichikwanira, chikhoza kuwononga ku mbewu komanso kufa. Caladium iyenera kukonkhedwa kawirikawiri ndi mochuluka, koma madzi sayenera kugwera pamasamba, chifukwa cha madontho a madzi, matalala ofiira amawoneka pa iwo, ndipo chomeracho chimatayika kwambiri. Kuonjezera chinyezi, miphika ikhoza kuikidwa pamitsinje ndi madzi, koma pansi pa miphika sayenera kukhudza madzi.
Pambuyo pa mphukira isamakula, komanso musanafike masiku oyambirira a August, kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri, muyenera kupanga mchere feteleza opangidwa mwapadera kwa maluwa. Mlingowo umawerengedwa molingana ndi chitsogozo cha mankhwala. Kuyambira mu August, kudyetsa kwaima.
Caladium: nyengo za zomera ndi dormancy
Nthawi yotsala ya chomera Caladium ndi yowala. Mu August, zomera zimafa masamba. Panthawiyi, chomeracho sichiyenera kuthiriridwa. Tubers pansi ayenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe owuma. Zouma ziyenera kunama pamaso pa masiku oyambirira a March. Ndibwino kusunga zomera za tuber ku malo akale kapena mchenga. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 18, koma ndibwino ngati ili pa madigiri 20. Pofuna kupewa kuthamanga kwamtundu wa tubers, mumangoyenera kuthira pansi gawoli nthawi zina. Impso zimayamba kumera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March. M'masiku otsiriza a February, tubers ayenera kuyeretsedwa, yolekanitsidwa yaying'ono ndi yayikulu ndikubzala miphika.
Pokonzekera nthaka yobzala, timatenga mbali ya humus, mbali ya tsamba, gawo la peat ndi theka la mchenga. Mbali ya asidi yamchere ya substrate sayenera kupitirira 6. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutentha kumafunika kukhala pamtunda wa madigiri 22. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi, omwe anatha kukhazikika ndi kukhala ofewa. Patapita kanthawi, mizu imayamba kupanga mmunda, ndipo imayamba kukula. Pomwe pali mphukira, imwani madzi bwino, ndikukonzekera masamba otsitsirako akuwonjezeka.
Pambuyo pa masamba atatu kapena anai, oplorescences akhoza kupanga. Chomeracho chimamasula kwa masiku angapo. Mbewu zipsa pambuyo pa miyezi 2. Mu mbali ya pansi ya inflorescence pali maluwa "achikazi", ndipo kumtunda - kumagwira ntchito "mwamuna". Nyongolotsi, yakucha kale, ili ndi katundu wong'onongeka. Kwa mungu, mungu umatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina. Masamba musataye kukongoletsa kwawo kwa nthawi yaitali palimodzi pa chomera chomwecho ndipo atatha kudula maluwa kapena matope. Nthawi ya zomera za caladium ndi yaifupi. Icho chimakhala kuyambira masiku oyambirira a March mpaka masiku otsiriza a August.
Caladium: kubereka (mbewu, tubers)
Pofalitsa ndi chithandizo cha mbewu, ayenera kufesedwa mwamsanga atangotuta. Kwa mbewu, nthaka yomwe ili ndi peat ndi mtundu wa masamba omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi ndi yoyenera. Mbande ziyenera kuonekera kwapitirira masiku 18. Pofika masiku oyambirira a autumn, tubers amapanga. Iwo amasungidwa, monga ena tubers, ndipo anabzala mu February ndi March. Pamene kubereka mbewu kumapangidwira, kupatukana kwakukulu kumawonekera, ndichifukwa chake mbewu zimasankhidwa kuti zikhale masamba, ndipo mitundu iyo yomwe ili ndi zokongoletsera kwambiri zimasankhidwa.
Tubers amachulukira kuyambira February mpaka March. Zitha kugawidwa m'madera ena, koma nkofunikira kuti impso imodzi ikhalepo pambali iliyonse. Gawo liyenera kukhala phulusa ndi makala kuchokera ku nkhuni. Tubers ayenera kubzalidwa pansi ndi peat ndi mchenga. Pambuyo pofika, bokosi limayikidwa mu kuwala pamtentha pafupifupi madigiri 24.
Zovuta pakukula caladium
Kuti tipeze zomera zokongola kwambiri, tiyenera kutenga tubers zaka ziwiri. Mitundu ya tubers ya chaka choyamba iyenera kubzalidwa kuti ikalime.
Chomeracho chimawopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi ndi kuzizira. Ndikofunika kufufuza ulamuliro wa kutentha komanso nthawi zonse kuthirira madzi. Musaiwale za zina zowonjezera.
Caladium ikhoza kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba.