Oimira za mtunduwu ndiwotchire, ndi zinyama zokwawa, kapena zitsamba zamaluwa ndi zomera. Masamba ndi ovate, oval in shape, lonse, leathery ndi ochepa thupi. Inflorescences axillary ndi maluwa omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu maambulera; Corolla minofu, yozungulira-pentaden; korona wa 5 convex, wakuda, flat, bidentate ndi dissected nsanamira.
Izi ndi zomera zosangalatsa zachilendo. Iwo amalekerera bwino ndi kuyanika kwa mlengalenga, kotero iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu muzoziziritsa komanso muzipinda zowonjezera. Kwa hoyi, thandizo losiyana ndilofunika, zomwe mphukira zawo ngati mpesa zimamangidwa.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kowala, chipinda chamkati chomera ivy chimayankha bwino ku zotsatira za kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koma pamene dzuwa lili m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri yotentha, zomera zimatha kuwotchedwa.
Ndi bwino kukula pazenera kuchokera kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Mukayikidwa pazenera kumbali yakumpoto, masana a chilimwe kuyatsa kuyenera kufalikira. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu zomveka bwino (pepala, tulle) kapena pepala (kutsegula pepala). Zomera zomwe zinali kale mumthunzi kapena zomwe zinangopangidwa siziyenera kuwonetseredwa nthawi yomweyo ku dzuwa, nkofunikira kuzizoloŵera izo pang'onopang'ono. Mukayang'ana pawindo ndi kumpoto, chomera sichitha pachimake (palibe kuwala kokwanira).
Chomera chachangu-chisanu cha pritenyat sichifunika. Kumapeto kwa miyezi, pamene kuwala kwawunikira kumawonjezeka, pofuna kupewa kutentha, kuwala kwakukulu kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
M'chilimwe, malo abwino kwambiri pa chomera amachokera ku 22 mpaka 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, kutentha sikuyenera kuchepa kupitirira 16 ° C (kupatulapo H. carnosa, yomwe ingasungidwe m'nyengo yozizira pa 12-14 ° C). M'nyengo yozizira Hoyu ikhoza kusungidwa pa 20-22 ° C, koma maluwa sadzakhala ochepa. Chipinda chimene Hoya chimakula chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokhazikika, kupeŵa zida.
Kuyambira pa March mpaka Oktoba, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa ochulukirapo mopitirira muyeso wokhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Kuyambira m'dzinja, hoyu anamwetsa mochepa, patatha masiku 2-3 okha atayanika pamwamba pazitali za dziko lapansi. Madzi okwanira akhoza kutentha pang'ono. Ngati mutasiya kuthirira mbewu kapena kuthirirapo kawirikawiri, mizu idzafa pang'ono, mbewuyo idzafooketsa ndikulowa nthawi yosakaniza.
M'dzinja ndi masika (2 nthawi pachaka), m'pofunika kumiza chomera kwa mphindi 30-40 m'madzi, kutentha kuchokera 30 mpaka 40 ° C. Dziko lapansi kumizidwa m'madzi kwa maola awiri. Miyeso imeneyi imathandiza kusintha kukula ndi kuthamanga maluwa.
Kwa ivy wa sera, kutentha kwa mpweya sikofunika, koma kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi kofunika. Utsi uyenera kukhala mosamala, kuti madontho a chinyezi asagwe pa maluwa. Pakati pa nyengo (nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe), zomera zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta mchere feteleza (masabata awiri kapena atatu).
Pamaso pa kuwala kwakukulu, maluwa amapangidwa bwino. Wax ivy blooms mpaka September.
Pamene masambawo atsekedwa, zomera sizidzasunthidwanso, mwinamwake maluwa akhoza kutha. Pansi yolemera inflorescences kuika chithandizo. Pamene maluwa amatha, mphukira yaitali zimadulidwa, nkusiya nthambi zazing'ono zokha, zomwe maluwa akupitirizabe. Musathenso kuchotsa peduncles, chifukwa chaka chotsatira iwo adzaphuka. Pofuna kusunga zomera pang'onopang'ono, zothandizira zamphamvu zimayenera.
Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuikidwa chaka chilichonse, chifukwa mbale zazikulu zimapereka chitukuko chachikulu; Mitengo iyenera kuikidwa patatha zaka zitatu. Chomera chiyenera kukhala chopatsa thanzi komanso mosavuta, chosakanikirana komanso chosalowererapo (pH 5.5-7). Kwa hoyi, pafupifupi dothi lililonse, mwachitsanzo munda, wothira mchenga, ndi woyenera. Nthaka yabwino imapangidwa ndi tsamba, clayey-sod ndi nthaka yotentha (1: 2: 1) kapena tsamba, tchire, mchenga (1: 2: 1: 1). Nkhokwe yokongola (N. bella) imakula bwino pamtunda wa masamba, peat, humus ndi mchenga wofanana ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala. Amafuna zabwino ngalande.
Hoya (waxy Ivy) - yoyenera kukula popanda dothi (pazitsulo zamadzimadzi).
Hoyu imafalitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha cuttings m'dzinja-kasupe (kawirikawiri, n'zotheka kuchulukitsa nthawi yonse ya zomera). Cuttings ayenera kudula ndi 1-st, awiri awiri-awiri a masamba, mwinamwake ataliatali. Mizu ya petioles sizimawonekera pa nodes, koma pakati pawo, pamaziko a chiyani, cuttings ayenera kudula osati pansi pa mfundo, koma pang'ono m'munsi. Nthaka yobereka imasakanikirana ndi magawo awiri a peat, gawo limodzi la mchenga, lozikika m'madzi. Kwa cuttings, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kocheperapo 20 ° C. Hoya mosavuta imayamba mizu ndi kunyumba. Mizu (pa tsiku la 20-25) cuttings abzalidwa mu 9 masentimita miphika. Konzani chisakanizo cha mitundu ingapo ya nthaka: turf - 1 ora, tsamba - 2 hours, humus - 0,5 mbali ya dothi ndi mchenga - ola limodzi; feteleza zovuta zimaphatikizidwira.
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa m'chaka choyamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana - kubzala. Kuti muchite izi, pa mphukira ya chomera chochulukitsa, m'pofunika kupanga chokopa, kuchikuta ndi moss wothira, kumangiriza ndi tini ndikuphimba ndi filimu ya polyethylene. Mwamsanga pambuyo pa maonekedwe a mizu, mbali ya mphukira, yomwe imachokera pamwamba, idulani ndikukwera mu mbale. Kuti mupeze zitsanzo zabwino zowonjezera, osachepera 3 mizu ya cuttings ayenera kubzalidwa mu mbale imodzi.
Kuti mupeze nthambiyi, pulasitiki iyenera kuthyoledwa pamapeto pa tsamba lachitatu kapena lachinayi.
Zosatheka zovuta
- Ngati tchetsika kwambiri, kapena dzuwa likuwala kwambiri, masamba amayamba kutembenuka, amatha kufota ndi kupota.
- Ngati mpweya uli m'chipinda chowuma ndi yotentha, masamba amatha.
- Ndi mchere wambiri kapena wosakwanira, ndipo ngati mpweya uli m'chipinda chouma kwambiri ndi wotentha, maluwawo amatha.
- Mukamwetsa madzi ozizira kapena ozizira, amawombera ndi masamba akhoza kugwa.
- Ndi chinyezi chochuluka, mizu ndi tsinde la tsinde liyamba kuvunda.
- Ngati kuwala kosakwanira ndi kukonzanso, maluwa akugwa.
- Kuperewera kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa zomera, masamba amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira (muzochitika zoterozo, idyani urea pa ndondomeko ya 1 g / l).
- Ngati tcheru ndi yotsika kwambiri, ndipo kuthirira sikukwanira, kapena mosiyana, ndiye kuti masamba akhoza kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
- Kuonongeka: kangaude mite, mealybug, nkhanambo, whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.