Mitundu.
Mu chikhalidwe pali mitundu yambiri ya tsabola: nyongolotsi (kapena Periuan S. angulosum), pubescent (S. pubescens), conical kapena Colombian (S. conicum). Cucicum frutescens, Capsicum longum, Chinese (Capsicum sinense), masamba kapena chaka chimodzi (S. annuum), yomwe yalandira kwambiri. Ponena za tsabola zokongoletsera, nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukumbukira Capsicum annuum. Kabola kokongoletsera kumadera akutengedwa ku South ndi Central America. Tsabola zowawa ndi zokoma zimasiyanitsa wina ndi mzake ndi zomwe zili ndi capsaicin alkaloid m'mapapola awo. The alkaloid capsaicin imatsimikizira kuwawa kwa chipatso. Zipatso za tsabola zimakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri (mumtunda pafupifupi 270 mg%, pa okhwima pafupifupi 480 mg%). Ndi chizindikiro ichi, tsabola ndi apamwamba kuposa mbewu zonse za masamba. Kuonjezerapo, zolemba za tsabola zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa carotene, rutin, zosakaniza mafuta ofunika ndi shuga.
Kusamalira mbewu.
Nyumba zapanyumba? Tsabola zokongoletsera zimakonda kuwala kosaoneka bwino, zimatha kutuluka dzuwa, koma nthawi yamasika, zomera zimasowa kumeta kuti zisamawotche. M'chilimwe, zomera zimatha kutulutsidwa kunja kwa penumbra.
M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimafuna kuunikira kwakukulu, kuunikira kwina, ngati izi sizinachitike, chomera chidzatambasula ndi kutayika maonekedwe ake okongoletsera.
Kukula zomera izi zimayenera kukhala mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono (20 mpaka 25 madigiri - uwu ndikutentha kwa chaka chonse). Chipinda chimene chomeracho chikukula chiyenera kukhala mpweya wambiri nthawi zonse, monga tsabola amalekerera. Ngati kulibe kotheka m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira kupereka chomera ndi zowonjezera, ndiye kuti ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa 15 ° C.
Pakatikatikatikati a nyengo yophukira, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka mwamsanga pamene mchenga wapamwamba wa nthaka uuma. Kenaka madzi okwanira amachepetsedwa ndipo amakhala ochepa. Kuthirira kumaphatikizapo ndi madzi ozizira nthawi zonse, kutentha komwe kumayenera kukhala pafupi ndi kutentha kwa firiji. Chomeracho chimakonda kupopera mbewu tsiku lililonse, komanso kuti pamakhala chinyezi chachikulu. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo ndi madzi ozizira nthawi zonse.
Kukanikiza nthawi yake ndi chitsimikizo chakuti chomera chidzabala chipatso chambiri. Kuphimba kumapeto kwa nthambi kumachitika nthawi yomwe mazira oyambirira amaonekera.
Kudulira kumachitika kokha ngati tsabola yakula ngati yosatha. Mphukira imadula osachepera theka la kutalika kwake. Kudulira kumalimbikitsa kukula njira. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zomera za fruiting sizichotsa nthambi, ziyenera kuthandizidwa.
Kuwaza feteleza m'nyengo ya masika kumapangidwa ndi feteleza ovuta, kamodzi pakatha masiku 14, atachepetsedwa. Malinga ndi mmene pansipa zimakonzedwera m'nyengo yozizira, zimadalira nthawi zingapo zomwe mukufunika kuti mupange feteleza. Ngati palibe chowonetseratu, chomeracho sichidyetsedwa konse, nthawi zina, ngati pali kuwala kwa masiku onse 21.
Kuwaza tsabola m'kasupe, chaka ndi chaka, kuchotsa nthaka yakale ndi kubwezeretsanso. Timasankha gawo lapansi: gawo limodzi la masamba ndi sod, peat, 1/4 gawo la mchenga. Pansi pa mphika ali ndi ngalande zabwino. Chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa komanso kwathunthu. Komabe, pali chiopsezo chowononga kwambiri mizu, kotero chomera ichi chimafuna chisamaliro chokwanira.
Kubalana kwa kukongoletsa tsabola.
Mbewu yobereka.
Mbewu ya tsabola yowawa kapena yamtengo wapatali imadwalitsa ola limodzi mu njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate. Mbewu ikhoza kuthiridwa tsiku limodzi mu njira ya epine (yochokera pa madontho 4 a epine pa 100ml ya madzi). Ndipo mukhoza kumera mu nsalu yonyowa, pambaliyi mbeu zimabzalidwa m'nthaka mwamsanga pamene mizu ikuwoneka. Mutatha kutuluka, mutha kukalowa mu chidebe, kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala 22 o C.
Mbewuyo itangotuluka pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, sikuvomerezeka kusintha kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi malo ozoloŵera, izi zikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Silifu moyo ndi khalidwe zimakhudzanso kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimamera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito tsabola, gawo lotsatira ili loyenera: gawo lokonzekera la tsabola ndi tomato limasakanizidwa ndi vermiculite ndi mchenga. Izi zikudzaza ndi mphamvu, ndiye gawo lapansi limanyowa, mbewu zimayikidwa m'maselo ndipo nthaka ikugwedezeka pamwamba. Kuzama kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa mbeu.
Tsabola wofiira ukhoza kukula popanda kusankha. Mutha kuwatsanulira, koma pokhapokha pali masamba 1-2 enieni. Mukasankha, lembani mphikawo ndi gawo lapansi, liphatikizeni, perekani pansi ndikuyika mmera pamenepo, msanawo uyenera kukhala ngakhale, popanda kupindika. Pamene mizu yayitali kwambiri, kununkhira kwatha. Ndiye msomali womwewo mu dzenje uyenera kupanikizidwa mwamphamvu. Mutabzala, chidebe ndi chomera chiyenera kusungidwa pansi pa kuwala kwa fulorosenti.
Kubalana ndi cuttings.
Mu nyengo ya chilimwe, kubereka kumapangidwa ndi zipatso zomwe zimabzalidwa mumtunda wa mchenga kapena mchenga, kapena mumsanganizo ndi mchenga. Pamene chomeracho chazika mizu, chiyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wodzaza ndi nthaka kuchokera ku mbali imodzi ya nthaka, mchenga umodzi, magawo awiri a humus. Pamene chomeracho chibzalidwa, chiyenera kuthyoledwa. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chiyenera kudulidwa kangapo, motero kumayambitsa nthambi.
Zosatheka zovuta.
- Zipatso zochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, mukhoza kuyesa pollination yamaluwa, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yofewa.
- Chomeracho chimapuntha zipatso ndi masamba m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake ndikutentha komanso kozizira kwambiri.
- Chomeracho chinakanthidwa ndi mbozi yofiira. Chifukwa chake ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri.
- Kuonongeka: kangaude wa kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, whitefly.