Mbiri ya maonekedwe a pasitala yatha zaka zambiri. Zikudziwika kuti kale ku Ancient Greece kuti apange mankhwala onunkhira pogwiritsira ntchito pinipi ndi mipeni yapadera. Pasitala yowuma inayamba kupangidwa m'zaka zamakedzana za Sicily. Zina zouma padzuwa, zokhala ndi mafuta, tchizi, zitsamba, zidya. Choyamba, anthu a ku Italy anabwera ndi makina apadera kuti azidula mtandawo, kenako amaumirira kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachibadwidwe, osati chifukwa chachabe chomwe iwo adatchulidwa "pasta".
MUSIC WA TASTE
Meloman amamvetsetsa mosavuta chimene chimatanthauza forte kapena crescendo, ndi gourmet - kodi pasta fresca kapena lasagna. Anthu a ku Italy ndi otchuka kwambiri okonda nyimbo ndi zokonda. Iwo adakhala oyenerera kwambiri ponena za pasitala, monga momwe ankatchulira macaroni. Ziri zovuta kuwerengera mitundu yambiri ya pasitala yomwe mungagule lero, ndipo sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta kuti muzichita nawo. Kusankha phala m'sitolo, mungathe kuwerenga dzina lachirasha pa leti-yowonetsera, koma nthawi zina mwina sikungakhale kapena kusinthidwa kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri. Choncho, ku Italy pang'ono sikumapweteka. Mawu omwewo pasta ndi okongola kwambiri. Uwu ndi mtanda, ndipo uli ndi chikhalidwe chodyera, ndi pasitala yokha. Kuwathandiza kuti azidziwana nawo, ndizotheka kuzindikira magulu angapo omwe mitundu yofananayo imagwirizana.
Pasitala yayitali - izi ndi spaghetti kapena capellini. Ndi bwino kuvala iwo ndi masukisi. Iwo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu "zisa". Chitsanzo cha meanders ndi "mizimu." Ndipo zomwe tinkakonda kutcha macaroni, ndiko kuti, zida zopanda zosiyana, zingakhale zolunjika ngati "nthenga" komanso zokhota ngati "nyanga." Mafunde akuluakulu osiyanasiyana ndi abwino kwambiri Nyama yamchere ikhoza kukhala nyama yodulidwa kapena masamba odulidwa. "Mabomba", "agulugufe" osiyanasiyana, "zipolopolo" ndizopadera kwambiri moti zimakhala zosiyana pa gulu, koma sizinthu zonse. : kale ankatikonda ravioli kapena zofanana ndi pelme yathu kapena tortellini.Flat ndi noodles kwambiri, lasagna (lasagna) - maziko a mbale yosawerengeka.
Ambiri mwa pasitala amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma. Zitha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Sizowoneka kuti panthawi zovuta pasita zikusungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo ndipo zimawoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri. Koma Pasta fresco yemweyo, kapena pasitala yatsopano, ndi yokoma kwambiri. Lero, pasitala yatsopano, ndi ojambula osiyana (Italy, France, Denmark) mu mawonekedwe a chilled kapena ozizira angagulenso kwa ife. Zikhoza kukhala ndi kudzaza (lasagna ndi sipinachi kapena ham, tortellini, capelletti ndi tchizi, bowa) kapena opanda (fetuccine-noodles) ndi kuonjezera ma sauces osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, phwetekere kapena kirimu).
KUKHALA KU TARELKE
Nthawi zina mungathe kukumana ndi pasta yapadera, yomwe imatchedwanso paste ndi yovuta. Iwo anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku mayiko a Asia, kumene iwo sanapangidwe ndi ufa wa tirigu, koma kuchokera ku mpunga kapena soya. Kuphika "spaghetti" izi ziyenera kukhala 1-2 mphindi. Ogulitsa kumudzi amaperekanso mankhwala oyambirira, mwachitsanzo chitsanzo cha rye kapena macaroni kuti adye chakudya ndi artichoke ya Yerusalemu. Kawirikawiri, kuphatikiza ndi zowonjezera n'kofunika kwambiri.
Mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa mu mbaleyo idzakhalapo, ngati mutagula pasiti. Mtundu wofiira wofiira udzaupatsa wamba wa beet, wofiira - tomato kapena kaloti, zobiriwira - sipinachi kapena broccoli, ndipo zowoneka zakuda zidzatuluka, ngati inki yodulidwa yakuda idawonjezeredwa.
Ngati mukufuna "sharper", yesani spaghetti ndi chili. Mwa njira, asayansi apeza kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi moto wonyezimira - capsaicin - amaletsa kuika mafuta mu thupi. Mwina ndichifukwa chake zimakhala zophweka kwa mafani a zakudya zaku Indian ndi Thai kuti asunge mgwirizano? Ponena za pastas simudzanena kuti "iwo andiwononga."
Zatsopano zatsopano ndi organic macaroni. Iwo, monga zinthu zina za "organic," amagulitsidwa m'masitolo okwera mtengo ndipo ndi okwera mtengo. Ichi ndi chizoloŵezi choyendetsa ma dietetics, chomwe chimakondwera ndi iwo amene akufuna kukhala wathanzi ndipo angathe kulipirira. Pasitala yotereyi ilibe chilichonse chodabwitsa. Chofunika koposa, zimapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba kwambiri wa tirigu, womwe umakula popanda feteleza ndi mankhwala.
ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI
Chinsinsi cha pasitala yachikale ndi chosavuta kwambiri: ufa ndi madzi. Zoona, ufa ndi wapadera, macaroni, ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la gluten, ndipo madzi sali ophweka, koma kuyeretsa kwathunthu. Nthawi zina amawonjezera mazira. Zimakhulupirira kuti pasta weniweni imangotengedwa kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu wolimba (Triticum durum). Pamene akuphika, amakhalabe olimba ndipo sagwirizana.
Ngakhale m'nthaŵi za Peter I wa ku Italy Fernando anafotokozera munthu wamalonda wa ku Russia chinsinsi chopanga pasta. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 2000, dziko la Russia linapereka tirigu wovuta ku Italy. Zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa "Taganrog" zinadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, koma, mwatsoka, kenako zinatayika. Masiku ano, padziko lonse, tirigu wofewa amakula. Gawo la nkhani zolimba za 5% zokha. Ma pasitala ambiri ku Russia adakali opangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wophika mkate kapena ufa wa pasitala, koma amapezeka kuchokera ku tirigu wofewa wa vitreous. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zamakono zamakono zimakuthandizani kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa malonda a malonda a pasta opangidwa ndi tirigu wofewa komanso wolimba. Koma ku Italy, Girisi ndi France, kumene mitundu yokhala ndi dumu yokha ndiyovomerezedwa kuti ikhale yosiyana.
Tirigu wolimba ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kupambana kwa phala. Pakupera, ufa waukulu umapangidwa - mbewu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pasitala, komanso semicred - pa kalasi yoyamba. Tirigu durum imakhala ndi mitundu ya carotenoid, chifukwa phala pasta imakhala yokha, komanso imakhala yokongola kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mapuloteni apamwamba ndi zinthu zake, chimangidwe chimapangidwa pophika kuphika, komwe zimakhala zowonongeka ndi kuzungulira mapuloteni. Chifukwa chake, pang'ono patsiku limatuluka mumadzi, ndipo phalala limapitirizabe.
Nutritionists amanena kuti kuchokera pasitala weniweni opangidwa kuchokera tirigu durum, inu simungakhoze kuchira. Izi ndizolakwika zolakwika. Mu 100 magalamu a phala ali ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 10% mapuloteni ndi zakudya zambiri - 70-75%. Zakudya zambiri zingakhale zothandiza ngati muli ndi moyo wokhutira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mpikisano usanayambe, ochita maseŵera amapanga maphwando-chipani chapaghetti, makamaka kuti atsitsimutse mwamphamvu. Koma ngati mumakonda kudya madzulo, gawolo liyenera kukhala lochepa. Inde, chitsanzo cha Sophia Loren, yemwe amalengeza poyera kuti: "Ndimakonda pasta" ndipo ndikusungirako kukongola ndikuwoneka, ndizosangalatsa. Koma musaiwale kuti pasitala ndi gawo limodzi la zakudya zake. Anthu a ku Italy samakonda pasta, komanso ndiwo zamasamba, tchizi, nsomba, nsomba ndi vinyo wofiira - zomwe zimatchedwa "zakudya za Mediterranean". Kutumikira spaghetti, wokhala nawo nthawi zonse amavala tebulo tomato, maolivi, anyezi ndi adyo. Ndipo, ndithudi, sauces pang'ono.
PASTE NDI PESTO
Kusankha izi kapena msuzi, m'pofunika kukumbukira lamulo lofunika kwambiri: pasitala lalifupi ndi lakuda, msuzi uyenera kukhala. Imodzi mwa masamba a pasitala ndi pesto. Zimakonzedwa mwa kukaya mudothi zonse zopangira mpaka dziko lakale. Ndipo mudzafunikira masamba a basil, mafuta a maolivi, adyo, parmesan tchizi, mtedza wa pine. Mwa njira, sizili zovuta kuganiza kuti mawu achi Russia akuti "tizilombo" ndi dzina la Italy la msuzi ali ndi chiyambi chofanana. Pesto - kwenikweni "Ndimawaza."
Msuzi wina wotchuka kwambiri ndi nyama. Zimapangidwa pamaziko a nyama yamchere, makamaka ndi tomato ndi vinyo wofiira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba msuzi umenewu unakonzedwa ku Bologna, chifukwa chake amatchedwa Bolognese. Kawirikawiri, phwetekere ndi imodzi mwa okondedwa kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo anali okwera mtengo komanso osatheka. Zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi carbonara sauces (ndi ham), aioli (ndi adyo), sausi ndi nsomba.
SILF EXPERT
Ngati mwaganiza kugula ndi kukonza pasitala yeniyeni ya ku Italy, penyani malamulo angapo.
- Pezani pa chizindikiro cha malemba a pasta: kuchokera ku tirigu wa mitundu yolimba. Pamatumba apamtunda amatchulidwa ku gulu "A", ndipo kuchokera pa zofewa kupita ku gulu "B" kapena "B". Macaroni kuchokera ku sukulu yodalirika akhoza kutchulidwanso mwa mawu durum, semolina di grando duro, powonjezerapo ndikutchula.
- Ganizirani zomwe zili mu phukusi (monga lamulo, limaloleza). Ndi zachilengedwe kuti macaroni akhale amphamvu (sipangakhale zinyenyeswazi), kukhala ndi monophonic, nthawi zambiri amber-chikasu, mtundu ndi yosalala pamwamba.
- Onetsetsani kuti kusankha bwino kungakhale kunyumba. Masitala owuma kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu wolimba pa fracture ayenera kukhala ndi galasi pamwamba pake, ndi wofewa. Pakuphika, oyamba samaphika, samatsuka m'madzi ozizira. "Unreal" pasitala yomweyi ingasandulike mpira, ndipo madzi omwe adasungunuka nawo, adzakhala osokonezeka.
- N'zosavuta kukonzekera pasitala. Wiritsani pasitala mumtambo waukulu wa madzi otentha omwe amathiridwa mchere (chiwerengero chokhazikika cha 1:10), pamene iwowo akuwonjezeka ndi volume ndi hafu. Nthawi yophika imasonyezedwa pamapangidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zosiyana. Anthu a ku Italy amakhulupirira kuti ziyenera kuwonedwa molondola, kupatula ngati mukukonzekera paste al dente. Spaghetti ndi mawonekedwe ena amodzi amamizidwa m'madzi pang'onopang'ono, ndithudi, popanda kuwaphwanya.
- Sungani pastala mumapangidwe ake oyambirira pamalo ouma, kutali ndi mankhwala ndi fungo lamoto. Bwinobwino ngakhale kuziika m'bokosi la matabwa (kapena bokosi lalikulu). Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 30 ° C. Kenaka mukhoza kusunga pasitala (mkati mwake), ngakhale kwa zaka zingapo. Choncho mwatsatanetsatane muzitchula opanga, ngakhale, bwanji, nthawi, mwachisangalalo, mu sitolo zosiyanasiyana!
Macaroni amakondedwa ndi ufulu wathu. Ndipo, tingathe kutsutsana ndi mawu ochokera mu nyimbo yokhudza chikondi cha pasitala - aloleni kuti akundiwononge. Musati muwonongeke, koma kuthandiza kusunga chiwerengero, thanzi ndi chimwemwe cha moyo.