Mitengo yopangira khofi

Mtundu wa Coffee (mtengo wa khofi) uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya zomera za banja la madder. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kumadera otentha a Asia ndi Africa. Mitengoyi imatha kukula mumtundu wa shrub kapena mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Zowongoka, zowonongeka, zowonjezera, zobiriwira, masamba ofiira a khofi ali moyang'anizana, nthawi zina (3 aliyense). Kafi kawirikawiri imamera maluwa. Maluwa ndi onunkhira, oyera, amatha kukhala ossile, axillary kapena pedicels. Zipatso mwa mawonekedwe a mabulosi, momwe mbewu ziwiri zimapangidwira.

Mitundu C. C. Arabica L., komanso mitundu yake, inafalikira. Chomera ichi n'chofunika kwambiri, monga zipatso zake zimakonzekera zakumwa za tonic. M'mayiko ena, khofi ndi gawo lalikulu la chuma. Zomera zobiriwira zobiriwira zimapezeka mzipinda za nyumba zowonongeka, komanso m'magulu a zomera za zomera.

Kunyumba, zokolola za mtengo umodzi zimatha kufika mpaka magalamu 500 a mbewu. Inde, kuyerekeza ubwino wa mbewuzi ndi Brazil sikoyenera, koma mwiniwake wa chomera ichi cha mkati adzakondwera ndi zokolola zomwe iye adakolola. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mtengo wa khofi umakonda zipinda zowala komanso zofunda.

Pali nthano yakuti zokolola za khofi zinapezeka ndi abusa a Abyssinian. Mbuzi zawo zinalidya zipatso ndi masamba a mitengo iyi, ndipo anayamba kuona kuti nyama zatha pambuyo poti chakudya chikadzuka usiku.

Kusamalira mbewu.

Nyumba imapanga mtengo wa khofi ngati kuwala, koma musalole kuti dzuwa liwoneke, choncho amayesa pritenyat. Malo abwino kwambiri okhwima khofi adzakhala pafupi ndi zenera kuchokera kumadzulo kummawa. Kumbali yakumpoto, chomeracho sichitha kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndipo kumbali ya kumwera, chomerachi chiyenera kuzimitsidwa kuchokera ku dzuwa.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuunikira mtengo m'nyengo yozizira ndi nyali. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kutenga zomera kumalo atsopano (khonde, bwalo, munda), kumene zidzatetezedwa ku mphepo, kulunjika dzuwa ndi zidutswa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, chipinda ndi chomera chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira.

Kuti chomeracho chizolowezi chowunikira, kuwala kumapangidwira (mothandizidwa ndi gauze kapena nsalu yotchinga).

Kutentha kwakukulu kwa khofi m'chilimwe ndi 22-24 madigiri, koma sikuyenera kukhala pansipa 16. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika madigiri 16-18, malire ochepa ndi madigiri 14. Chomeracho chimafuna mpweya wabwino, koma zojambula ziyenera kupeĊµedwa.

Zipinda za nyumbazi zimafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza m'chilimwe, koma sikuyenera kutulutsa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira moyenera kumalimbikitsidwa. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, otsika, kutentha kapena kutentha pang'ono. M'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse chinyezi, chifukwa chomera kuyanika ndi madzi.

Pa nyengo yokula, zomera zimakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Kondani nthawi zonse kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi otentha firiji.

Mu May - June, yambani kudyetsa khofi, ndifupipafupi kamodzi masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Pamwamba pa kuvala, mchere wa nayitrogeni kapena potaziyamu ndi oyenera. Thirani madzi okwanira 1 litre, 3 g wa potaziyamu mchere komanso 5 g wa ammonium nitrate. Mitengo yayikulu iyenera kulandira 1 lita imodzi ya njirayi pa nyengo yokula. M'nthawi yachisanu-yozizira, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa.

Kuti khofi ipange mawonekedwe a chitsamba, mphukira zazing'ono zimalangizidwa kuti zizitsine. Mphukira zouma zouma ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kuzichepetsa pansi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba zomera zimamasula pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Coffee imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera, ndifungo lokoma, lofanana ndi fungo la jasmine. Pakapita kanthawi, zipatso zobiriwira zimayamba kumangiriza, zomwe zimakhala zofiira. Pa fetus iliyonse, mbeu ziwiri zimapangidwa, zomwe timakonda kuitcha "khofi". Momwe zinthu zilili pa nyumba yopangira nyemba za khofi zimatenga chaka chimodzi. Zipatso zikapsa, zimakhala zofiira, zofiira.

Kusindikiza mbewu zowonjezera zimadya chaka chilichonse mpaka nyengo yosakaniza, zomera zakula zimayikidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Ngati mtengo umakula mu kabati, ndiye kuti zitsamba zikuvunda. Koma zomera zimenezi zimafuna nthawi zonse podsypki dziko. Nthaka ya mtengo wa khofi ndi yochepa kwambiri. Mbali yachitsulo ya kuikidwa m'magazi iyenera kukhala ndi magawo ofanana a nkhuni, tsamba lapansi, mchenga ndi humus. Pansi pa mphika ayenera kukhala madzi abwino.

Kubalana kwa mbewu.

Kufalikira kwa mtengo wa khofi wambewu nthawi zambiri umakhala mbewu, monga mitengo imapangidwira bwino.

Mbewu yobzala ndi yoyenera kwa chaka chimodzi mutatha msonkhano, pamene amalephera kukula. Bzalani mbewu mu mabokosi kapena mbale. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbewu kumera ndi madigiri 20. Maonekedwe a gawo lapansi lodzala: tsamba - 1/2 gawo, mtundu - gawo limodzi ndi mchenga - gawo limodzi. Mbande zazing'ono zimayikidwa m'miphika yaing'ono. Maonekedwe a nthaka ndi ofanana ndi kuthirira mochuluka. Pamene mizu imafikira mtanda wonse wa dziko lapansi, kuika kwinanso kumapangidwa. Pakuti gawo lapansi limatengedwa mofanana, nkhuni padziko lapansi ndi mchenga. M'chilimwe, mukhoza kuchita kudyetsa slurry, masiku 14 alionse.

Mavuto angakhalepo.

Masamba akhoza kutulutsidwa ngati dothi siliri lokwanira.

Ngati mpweya suli wochuluka bwino, nsonga za masamba zikhoza kuuma.

Ngati chomeracho chimawoneka kuwala kwa dzuwa, chikhoza kutenthedwa. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, kapena adzaphimba ndi mawanga a bulauni.

Kuthira mowa kwambiri kungawononge kuwonongeka kwa masamba.

Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa masamba a mtengo, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa kwambiri. Ikhoza kuchepetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi mapiritsi apadera, kutetezedwa kapena kusungunuka, kuyisunga mu mtsuko ndi madzi kuti umwanire.

Kwa mtengo wa khofi, tizirombo timenezi ndizoopsa: nkhanambo, aphid, kangaude ndi mealybug.

Zothandiza.

Chakumwa, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu ya khofi yokazinga, kumachepetsa mutu, kumachepetsa ziwiya. Amathandizira nthawi zina poizoni.

M'zinthu zam'chipindamo, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa ku mbewu ndipo zouma panja. Mbeu zouma ndi zokazinga kuti zikhale ndi bulauni, pempherani ndi kuwiritsa ndi madzi otentha (supuni imodzi pa chikho cha madzi). Muyenera kuumirira ola limodzi.