Tonsefe tawonanso phulusa, lomwe limatsalira pambuyo pa nkhuni zoyaka. Amayi ambiri, akukula m'nyumba ndi m'munda zomera, amagwiritsa ntchito phulusa ngati mchere wamchere. Ndipo izi sizodabwitsa, chifukwa phulusa ndi feteleza kwambiri. Koma kodi fumbi lamtengo wa zomera limathandiza?
Kupanga ndi kufunika kwa phulusa
Phulusa ndi gawo losakanikirana ndi mineral admixtures ya zomera za herbaceous kapena nkhuni pamene zimayaka moto. Pankhaniyi, phulusa limasiyana ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi masamba. Chofunika kwambiri chimaonedwa ngati phulusa. Phulusa amaonedwa kuti ndi feteleza wothira phosphorous. Phulusa limaphatikizapo potaziyamu carbonate, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, zinki, mkuwa, sulfure komanso ayi. Chiŵerengero cha zothandiza zinthu chimadalira zopangira: mu phulusa la mpesa, mbatata zomera ndi zimayambira za mpendadzuwa mpaka 40 peresenti ya potaziyamu. Mu phulusa la mitengo, pafupifupi calcium 30 peresenti, phulusa la conifer, mpaka phosphorous 7%. Kumbukirani: mu phulusa la zomera za potaziyamu, zoposa nkhuni, koma phosphorous phulusa ndizochepa potaziyamu. Mu peat phulusa pali zambiri laimu ndi potaziyamu. Phulusa lotere limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza chokhalira kuchepetsa acidity.
Kupindula kwa phulusa kwa zomera zamkati ndi zamasamba ndizokuti phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zomwe ziri mmenemo zimayamwa bwino ndi zomera. Ndiponso, palibe chlorine mu phulusa. Choncho, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa izi ndipo zimayankha molakwika. Izi ndi zomera monga raspberries, currants, strawberries, mphesa, zipatso za zipatso, mbatata ndi zina.
Pakuti dothi lithandizira phulusa
Phulusa ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, yopanda ndale, sod-podzolic, nkhalango zakuda, bog-podzolic ndi dothi. Zinthu zabwino zimapangidwira kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera: zimakhazikika mofulumira panthawi yopatsa komanso zimadwala pang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phulusa limangobweretsa zowonjezereka m'nthaka, komanso limapangitsanso kayendedwe kake, limachepetsa acidity. Izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku dothi lolemera m'dzinja ndi masika, komanso m'mapapu (mchenga ndi mchenga loamy) - kasupe kokha. Tulutseni za 200 magalamu pa mita iliyonse.
Musawonjezere phulusa pansi ndi pH ya 7 kapena kuposera: phulusa limapangitsa mphamvu yamchere ya gawo lapansi. Kumbukirani: Ngati nthaka ili ndi mandimu ambiri, koma potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, n'zosatheka kupanga phulusa zambiri. Chifukwa chaichi, nthaka idzapindulitsidwa ndi mandimu. Zotsatira za phulusa pambuyo pa ntchito mu nthaka zimatenga zaka 2 mpaka 4.
Gwiritsani ntchito phulusa mu mawonekedwe owuma
Phulani phulusa m'matumba apulasitiki pamalo ouma, kotero zidzasungiranso katundu wake wonse. Pofuna kuwonjezera phindu la phulusa, muyenera kulondola molondola. Supuni 1 imakhala ndi 2 g wa phulusa, 6 g mu supuni imodzi, 100 g mu galasi 1, 250 g mu mtsuko wa lita imodzi, 500 g mu mtsuko wa lita imodzi.
Wood phulusa ngati ma malasha, makamaka birch ndi aspen, ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa iwo omwe amagwira floriculture. Zida za malasha zomwe zili ndi mamita 0.8 - 1 masentimita akulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi la orchids, aroids, cacti ndi zokoma (3 - 8% ya gawo la substrate). Kuchokera ku malasha, gawo lapansi limakhala lomasuka ndi lopanda madzi. Ndiponso, malasha ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, amateteza mizu kuti isawonongeke. Mphamvu ya makala amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mabala.
Musanabzala nyumba zomera zimalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera phulusa mu gawo ndikusakaniza bwino ndi nthaka. Phulusa ndi feteleza yabwino mu nyengo yokula. Zina zoyamikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
• Ku nkhaka, phulusa liyenera kuwonjezeredwa masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera maluwa, kuwaza dothi pa mlingo umodzi wa 1 galasi pa 1 sq.m.
• Ikani supuni 1 - 2 ya phulusa la mmera kapena 1 galasi pa 1 sq. M pansi pa zukini ndi squash. pamene akumba bedi.
• Kwa tomato, phulusa limayambika kumapeto kwa nyengo yokonzekera nthaka pa mlingo wa makapu 2/3 pa 1 sq.m. Pakatikati pa July - kumayambiriro kwa August, theka la galasi la phulusa pamtunda wa mita imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka.
• Phulusa la tsabola perekani pamene mukugwiritsira ntchito zipatso, phulani dothi pa 1 galasi pa 1 sq.m.
• Mipira ya mbatata imalimbikitsidwa masiku makumi atatu musanadze phulusa la mungu, ndipo mukamabzala mumabowo, tsitsani madzi phulusa.
• supuni imodzi ya phulusa pa 1 sq.m.
• 100 - 200 g wa phulusa pa 1 sq. M. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga beet, mpiru ndi radish.
• Kwa strawberries, raspberries ndi maluwa, 100 g phulusa pa 1 sq.m.
Phulusa imathandiza kwambiri yamatcheri ndi plums. Kwa ichi, kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi, muyenera kuzidyetsa ndi phulusa. Pamphepete mwa korona, mitengo imatsekedwa ndi dzenje pafupi masentimita 15 kuya, phulusa laphimbidwa mmenemo, kapena kuthiridwa ndi phulusa. Ikonzedwa motere: 2 makapu a phulusa amathira madzi. Matabwa yomweyo anawazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Mtengo wamkulu umafuna 2 kg wa phulusa. "Chikondi" phulusa ndi tchire la black currant. Ndi bwino kupanga makapu atatu a phulusa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse ndipo nthawi yomweyo muzisindikize m'nthaka. Mwa njira, phulusa limatulutsa slugs ndi misomali. Kuti muchite izi, phulani phulusa louma pazitsamba ndi kuzungulira zomera pafupi ndi kumene amakhala. Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zaonekera, m'pofunika kuwaza nthaka pansi pa tchire la gooseberries ndi currants ndi phulusa.
Phul infusions
Kutsekedwa kwa phulusa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti imere zomera. Konzani kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kotero: 100 - 150 g wa phulusa ayenera kutsanulira ndi chidebe chimodzi cha madzi ndikuumirira pafupi sabata, kusanganikirana nthawizonse: zothandiza zothandiza kuchokera phulusa mosavuta zimalowa m'madzi. The chifukwa kulowetsedwa madzi madzi, ntchito monga feteleza. Yankho liyenera kukhala likulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse, kutsanulira mu grooves kwa tomato, nkhaka, kabichi. Chizoloŵezi ndi theka la lita imodzi ya osakaniza pa mbeu. Pambuyo pa izi, m'pofunika kuti mudzazitsitse nthawi yomweyo ndi dothi.
Mukhoza kukonza njira yothetsera sopo. Amatengedwa ngati chilengedwe chonse, chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Pachifukwa ichi m'pofunika kupukuta phulusa 3 koloko, kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi otentha, kuumirira masiku awiri. Kenaka kukanika, onjezerani 40 g sopo, poyeretsedwa kale m'madzi pang'ono otentha. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera feteleza mchere. Njirayi iyenera kutsitsiridwa mbeu usiku madzulo. Yesani kangapo pa nyengo masiku khumi kapena khumi ndi awiri.
Phulusa lopsa
Phulusa likhoza kukhala maluwa okakamizika (nyamayi, chovala, chophimba) ndi zomera zina (kabichi, radish, radish, anyezi, watercress). Njirayi imathandiza kuyendetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka kabichi ntchentche, cruciferous utitiri wa anyezi, kuchokera ku zomera kumapeto. Kutentha ndi phulusa kumachitika motere. Tengani tini yopanda kanthu kapena pulasitiki ikhoza, mabowo ambiri amapangidwa pansi, ndiye imathiridwa mu mtsuko wa phulusa ndipo, ndikugwedeza pang'ono pa zomera, amawaphimba ndi phulusa lopanda phulusa. Kuwotcha kumafunika kuchitidwa m'mawa kwambiri. Mitengo ndi udzu wothira mwangwiro zimagonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowola pa strawberries. Pa kucha kwa zipatso mungu wochokera tchire pa mlingo wa 10-15 magalamu a phulusa pa chitsamba. Kuyamitsa nkhumba kuyenera kubwerezedwa 2 - 3 nthawi, koma phulusa limatengedwa 5 - 7 g pa chitsamba. Phulusa limatha mungu wochokera ndi mabedi a mbatata: mphutsi za Colorado beetle zimawonongeka kwathunthu.
Akuwomba
Mu nkhuni phulusa yankho, ndi bwino kuti zilowerere mbewu kwa maola asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Kusambira koteroko kudzakhala kofunika kwa eggplant, tsabola, tomato, nkhaka ndi mbewu zina. 20 g wa phulusa imwe madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi kukhetsa.
Chimene chingatheke ndi chosatheka ndi phulusa
Wood phulusa sizowonongeka, monga zimawonekera poyamba. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malamulo onse:
• Osakaniza phulusa ndi nitrogen feteleza, superphosphate, ufa wa phosphorite, laimu, manyowa, ammonium nitrate, urea ndi zitosi za mbalame. Pankhaniyi, mpaka theka la nayitrogeni yatha. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, feteleza feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka atatha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa.
• Zopitirira 8% za kulemera kwa superphosphate zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa phulusa la nkhuni kwa superphosphate.
• Phulusa la nkhuni lisagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika ngati feteleza. Powonjezera mchere wa nthaka, phulusa lidzalepheretsa zomera kuti zipeze zinthu zothandiza m'nthaka.
• Ngati phulusa la peat ndi dzimbiri, simungalowetse m'nthaka. Mu phulusa lotere padzakhala chitsulo chambiri, chomwe chidzachepetse phosphorus.
• Ash ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi humus, kompositi kapena peat.
• Phulusa sayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka ya zomera zomwe zimakonda acidity ya substrate (azaleas, camellias, rhododendrons, nthenga).
• Phulusa liyenera kuikidwa m'manda mozama masentimita 8 mpaka 10, monga momwe yatsala pamwamba, imapanga kutaya kwa zomera komanso dothi lokha.
• 1 makilogalamu a phulusa amatenga 220 g ya granular superphosphate, 500 g wa laimu ndi 240 g wa potaziyamu kloride.
Potsatira zotsatirazi, phindu la phulusa la zomera lidzawonjezeka.