Zomera za mtundu uwu zikuphatikizapo mitengo ya kanjedza ndi thunthu lochepa (kawirikawiri mitengo ikuluikulu), yomwe ili ndi zipsera zooneka ngati mphete. Masamba a zomera ndi pinnate, wobiriwira wobiriwira, masamba ndi lanceolate, chisa-erect, ndi chophatikizidwa pamwamba, ali m'malo mokwanira.
Chipinda chachitsulo cha nyumbayo chimakhala ndi mbewu zoopsa, zomwe anthu okhala kumwera chakum'maŵa kwa Asia amapanga kutafuna ndi dzina lomwelo "betel". Katemera woterewu ndi wotchuka kwambiri - umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga cholimbikitsa komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mitundu.
- Areca triandra Roxb. m. Buch. - am. kapena Areca akasupe atatu. Amakula pa chilumba cha Malacca ndi India. Ali ndi zingapo zoonda kwambiri, zophimbidwa ndi zipsera monga mphete za mitengo ikuluikulu, iliyonse yomwe imakula kufika mamita awiri kapena atatu. Pakati pa mitengo ikuluikuluyi ndi 2.5,5 masentimita. Masamba a zitsime zitatu, kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka, molunjika. Mitengo ya chomera kuchokera kutalika kwa 45 mpaka 90 masentimita, m'lifupi kuchokera pa 2,5 mpaka 3,5 masentimita, ikuwomba. Inflorescence axillary, mpaka mamita yaitali. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi onunkhira. Chipatsocho ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2.5 m'litali. Mtundu uwu wa areca umadziwika ngati wokongoletsera kwambiri, ndipo umalimidwa makamaka m'chipinda chofunda.
- Areca lutescens hort. kapena Areca chikasu. Mitundu imeneyi imakhalanso ndi mayina ena: Dypsis lutescens H. Wendl. Beentje & J. Dransf.) Kapena Dipsis chikasu ndi Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. kapena chrysalidocarpus chikasu. Amakula ku Malaysia. Tsamba la njoka za Areca lili ndi thunthu loongoka, lochepa, lopindika, lomwe limamera mamita 10 m'litali. Masamba a chomera ndi amtengo wapatali, ophimbidwa pamphuno, pafupifupi 1-1.3 mamita yaitali. Masambawa ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 20-35, ndi mamita atatu masentimita. Zimatengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri.
- Areca catechu L. kapena Areca chikhalidwe. Dzina lina ndi Palma betel. Amakula pamphepete mwa chilumba cha Malacca, East India ndi zilumba za Malay Archipelago. Mtengo wokhawokha wa chomera uli wowongoka, wokhala ndi zipsera zapachaka, mamita 25 pamwamba, ndi mamita awiri mpaka 12 mamita. Masambawa amathamanga ndipo amatha kupitirira, kufika mamita 1.1-1.8 m'litali. Masambawa ndi ofunda kwambiri, 40-45 masentimita yaitali ndipo amatha kufika masentimita atatu. The inflorescence ndi axillary (ndiko kuti, imayamba mu axils masamba, kawirikawiri m'munsi) mpaka 60 masentimita yaitali. Maluwawo amawoneka oyera komanso amakhala ndi fungo lokoma. Zipatso za kutalika ndi 4-5 masentimita, kukula kwake kwa mbewu ndi 2 cm. Mbeu za catechus ndizofiira chikasu ndipo zimatchedwa "betel nut". Mitundu imeneyi imapweteka kwambiri.
Kusamalira mbewu.
Areca ndi mtengo wa mgwalangwa umene umakonda kwambiri kuwala ndipo umalola kulekerera dzuwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chikukula pazenera zakumwera. Komabe, pa masiku otentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa, ndi bwino kutchera masana. Chomeracho chimasungidwa bwino komanso chimakhala mthunzi, choncho ndibwino kukula pamtunda wa kumpoto. Kugulidwa kapena kusadziwika kwa dzuŵa liyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono kuzoloŵera kulunjika dzuwa, mwinamwake limatha kupeza kanola kutentha kwa dzuwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, ndi bwino kusunga zomera pamtunda wa mpweya wa 22-25 ° C. Kuyambira nthawi yachisanu mpaka chaka, kutentha kwayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 18-23 ° C, koma osachepera 16 ° C. Kuonjezera apo, chikondwererocho chimafuna kuchuluka kwa mpweya watsopano. Komabe, pewani zojambula.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, kuthirira kungakhale kochulukira pamene dziko lapansi liuma. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuthiridwa mofewa komanso kosatha. Kuyambira m'dzinja, chomeracho chimathiridwa mowirikiza ndikungoteteza dziko kuti lisayume. Penyani mosamala kuti m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira mulibe madzi okwanira, chifukwa ndi owopsa kwa areca. Pa nthawi ino, khalani ndi mgwalangwa pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu mutatha dothi lakuya.
Mlomo wa nthiti umakonda mpweya ndi chinyezi chakuda, makamaka m'chilimwe. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nthawi zonse muzizitsuka pazitsamba ndi madzi otentha. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha. Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuthetsedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Manyowa ndiwofunika chaka chonse. Malo okonzedwa bwino ndi opangira feteleza omwe ali ndi ndende yachibadwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kudyetsa mtengo wa kanjedza ndikofunikira kawiri pamwezi m'chilimwe komanso kamodzi pa mwezi m'nyengo yozizira.
Areca amatsutsana kwambiri ndi kuika, choncho ndibwino kuti ndizitha kuziika, ndikuchotsa madzi ndi kubwezeretsa pansi. Zilonda zazing'ono mu nthawi ya kukula kwachangu ziyenera kuikidwa chaka chilichonse, akuluakulu - kamodzi pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Kwa zitsanzo zomwe zikukula m'mabotolo, pamwamba pa nthaka ayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse popanda kusintha. Ndibwino kuti nthaka ikusakanikirana: nthaka yothira, nthaka, mchenga ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 4: 1: 1. Wachikulire mtengo wa kanjedza, malo ambiri a humus amafunikira. Komanso pansi pa mphika muyenera kuika madzi abwino.
Chipinda cha kanjedza ichi chimabzalidwa ndi mbewu mu nyengo ya chilimwe. Kuti mbewu zizitha mofulumira ndi bwino, m'pofunika kuzibzala mu nthaka yotentha pa kutentha kwa 23-28C.
Kumbukirani kuti beca - chomera chakupha, chili ndi alkaloids, kuphatikizapo arecoline, ndi tanins. Areku amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala - chomeracho chimakhala ngati chithumwa chabwino kwambiri komanso chimathandiza kuthetsa kutsekula m'mimba.
Zosatheka zovuta.
- Chifukwa cha ukalamba wachilengedwe, masamba a m'munsi a areca akhoza kugwedezeka ndi kugwa.
- Nsonga za masamba a kanjedza zikhoza kuvunda chifukwa cha kuuma kwa mpweya kapena ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira.
- Masamba a chombocho akhoza kutembenukira chikasu - izi ndi zotsatira za kusowa kwa chinyezi kapena kupitirira kwa dzuwa.
Tizilombo zotsatirazi ndizoopsa pa zomera: mealybug, nkhanambo, kangaude ndi whitefly.