Monga mukudziwira, mawu akuti "jelly" ochokera ku French amachokera. Ophika akatswiri amatchedwa chakudya chachisanu, chomwe chinakonzedwa kuchokera ku gelatin, shuga kapena madzi a zipatso. Komanso mawu amenewa amatchedwa gelatinous mass, omwe anapezeka chifukwa cha kuphika kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mafupa a nyama ndi a khungu. Anthu ambiri amakonda kugula zakudya zopangidwa ndi makonzedwe okonzeka m'masitolo, koma zakudya zina zophika pakhomo. Timaphunzira kuphika zakudya zokha, kunyumba.
Kupanga
Mpaka lero, pali maphikidwe ambiri opanga zakudya kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, zakudya zamagetsi zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gelatin. Posachedwapa, akatswiri ambiri ochita zamatsenga amagwiritsa ntchito agar-agar ndi pectin. Izi ndizowonjezera zokondweretsa zophikira.
Gelatin ndi mankhwala ochokera ku nyama, yomwe imapezeka pogaya, kupukuta, kuyanika mafupa, matope ndi ziwalo zina za thupi. Gelatin ndi yabwino kwambiri pakukonzekera kuzizira, koma ngati mwazidzidzidzi amasamutsidwa ku zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zidzasangalatsa kukoma komwe kudzawononge mbale.
Mukhoza kuphika pectin ndi nokha kuchokera ku zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso.
Agar-agar ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zopangira zofiira ndi zofiira, zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndi polysaccharides. Zinthu izi zimatha kupereka mphamvu ku thupi lathu.
Ubwino
Akatswiri ambiri omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amazindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri chifukwa mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu lothandizira anthu, kupatula ku matenda a nyamakazi, ndi matenda ena ambiri. Gelatin imathandiza kwambiri misomali, mafupa ndi tsitsi. Amathandizira kubwezeretsa minofu yambiri. Pectin imachotsa zitsulo zolemera kuchokera mthupi. Agar-agar amatha kuwonjezeka pamene kutupa, kumadzaza m'matumbo ndikupangitsa kuti thupi lizizira, limatha kuchotsa poizoni ndi poizoni m'thupi.
Kukonzekera kwa zakudya
Pofuna kukonza kukoma kwa odzola, pokonzekera, muyenera kuwonjezera madzi a mandimu kapena vinyo pang'ono.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera mavitamini mu aluminium cookware, chifukwa aluminiyumu ya odzola adzakhala mdima ndipo sadzapeza kukoma kosangalatsa kwambiri. Poonetsetsa kuti mavitaminiwa samapanga zitsulo, pansi pa mbale ayenera kukhala ofunda.
Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta kupanga zakudya: mu zipatso zokoma ndi mabulosi amatsuka muyenera kulowa mu gelatin, kenako mubweretse ku chithupsa, pitirizani kuyambitsa. Kenaka phatikizani msuzi ndi madzi a zipatso ndi refrigerate.
Kuphunzira kuphika
Musanapereke uphungu pa kukonzekera kwa odzola, kumbukirani kuti mbale iyi ikhoza kukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo. Mu chilimwe ndi autumn, ambiri amayi kukonzekera zakudya kuchokera currants, raspberries, gooseberries, maapulo ndi zina zipatso ndi zipatso. Mfundo yopanga zakudya ndi yophweka: Yambani kupanga madzi kuchokera ku zipangizo, kenaka kusakanikirana ndi shuga, kutsanulira zitini zotentha ndi zolembera.
Kupanga zakudya kuchokera ku jamu kusakaniza 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ndi 1000 magalamu a shuga, ndiye kuphika kwa mphindi 10. Mafuta odzola kuchokera ku raspberries, amafunika 2 makilogalamu a raspberries, omwe muyenera kutsanulira 2.5 malita a madzi otentha, ndiye wiritsani kwa mphindi 15-20, kenako finyani. Kwa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi opezeka, kuwonjezera 1 makilogalamu a shuga granulated, yonse yiritsani mpaka madontho atseke pamphepete mwa mbale. Mavitamini ochokera ku nyanja ya buckthorn ayenera kutenga 600 gm ya shuga granulated pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi, wiritsani mopepuka ndikutsanulira chirichonse mu mbiya.
Mafuta odzola amapangidwa kuchokera ku malalanje ndi masiku, chifukwa mumayenera kumwa madzi okwanira (1 galasi), masiku odulidwa (zidutswa zisanu), agar-agar (2 tsp). Ndikofunika kudzaza masikuwo ndi madzi ozizira, ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi makumi atatu muwakwapula mu blender. Kutenthetsa madzi a lalanje mu mbale (makamaka osakhala zitsulo), onjezerani tsiku lokwapulidwa ndi mbale. Patukani patukani agar-agar m'madzi. Mukangomaliza madzi mpaka madigiri 65-85, kutsanulira mu agar-agar yankho, oyambitsa mokoma mtima. Onse kutsanulira mu zisamere.