Kodi mukufuna kusangalatsa nokha ndi achibale anu ndi masamba okoma kuchokera kumunda? Samalani kuti akule mumunda wanu! Koma, monga momwe zimadziwira, kuti tipeze zokolola zabwino m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito m'munda chaka chonse. Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani m'nyengo yozizira, yamasika, miyezi ya chilimwe ndi yophukira?
Zima: kukonzekera nyengo yotsatira
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ndi bwino kubwezeretsanso zida zamagetsi ndi kukonzekera mbewu zofesa. Mbewu ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi kusungirako ndi kukula, kutetezedwa kwa disinfected. Ngati simudziwa ngati akuyamera, ndibwino kuti muwone.
Posankha m'sitolo kusakaniza mbande, kumbukirani kuti yabwino ndi yokwera mtengo ndi kusakaniza peat ndi perlite. Ngati ndi okwera mtengo, mukhoza kukonza nthaka yakuda, yomwe 50% ya osakanizayo yawonjezeredwa. Komanso muyenera kugula zitsulo pobzala mbande: izi zikhoza kukhala zowonjezera makapu, mapiritsi, makaseti. Zonsezi mudzazifuna kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March.
Spring: kufesa m'nthaka ndikugwira ntchito ndi mbande
Mabedi a m'munda ayenera kukonzekera kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Nthaŵi zambiri mu March, kutentha kumasinthasintha pazitali zazikulu usiku ndi usana. Masana, pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, chisanu chimasungunuka mofulumira, ndipo usiku, pamene chisanu chimagwira, malo osungunuka amatha. Kodi kuchotsa chisanu kuchokera ku mabedi? mungathe kubalalitsa phulusa kapena kuziphimba ndi filimuyo.
Mitengo yotentha yotentha ngati karoti, anyezi, parsley, katsabola - amafesedwa pachigwa choyamba. Musachedwe pofesa, makamaka ngati pali thaw.
Kufesa kaloti, kumbukirani kuti chikhalidwechi chingakhale chosiyana mwa mawu. Kumayambiriro kwa March, bzalani oyambirira ndi mochedwa mitundu. Yoyamba idzapangidwe kupanga zojambula, ndipo yachiwiri - chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa kwa August ndi kugwa. Kufesa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April kwa mitundu yochedwa yakucha kumapangidwira nthawi yosungirako. Ngati mulibe luso lokwanira mbeu, yang'anani mbeu pamapepala, kumene kuli kofunika kwambiri.
Matabwa a beet afesedwa kwa masiku 10-12 pambuyo pa kaloti, anyezi ndi katsabola ndi parsley. Ngati mwasankha kufesa nthawi imodzimodzi ndi zikhalidwe zina, ndiye kuti zidzakula bwino komanso mofulumira pansi pogona, koma sikofunika.
Saladi ndi sipinachi zimatha kufesedwa, pomwe chipale chofewa chigwa. Zofesedwa pansi, zimapereka zinthu zoyambirira, koma pali ubongo umodzi. Kawirikawiri namsongole amakula mofulumira pobisala pansi pa pogona. Choncho sankhani malo abwino kumbali yawo kapena mutseke malo omwe mukufesa ndi agrofiber yakuda, ndikupangira mbeu za mbewuzo.
Mukhoza kuyamba kulima mbande za tomato, aubergines ndi tsabola kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Koma ndibwino kuganizira nthawi ya chisanu (May 25). Ngati mbeuyi idachitidwa patsogolo pa March 20, rootlets ya zomera idzayamba kutuluka pamiphika kale pa maholide a May. Ngati mulibe wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti kufesa kumachitika pambuyo pa March 20 kudzala mbewu pamtunda pambuyo pa May 25.
Kuti mupeze mbande, tchulani makaseti ndi nthaka kusakaniza ndi thukuta mbewu ku kuya kwa masentimita 2 - imodzi pa selo. Mukamera umachitika masiku awiri alionse, sinthasintha 90 ° kuti mbeuyo isagwedezeke kuunika. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kumayenera kutsetsereka ku 16-18 ° C, kuti phesi la subcampus lisatambasule. Za maonekedwe a 1-2 -nd "weniweni" tsamba, kuziika mphukira mu peat-humus miphika ndi buku la 0,5 malita, kutaya ofooka ndi underdeveloped zitsanzo.
Ngati muli ndi nyumba ya agrofiber kapena mafilimu, kuyambira pakati pa April mungathe kubzala mavwende ndi masamba - dzungu, sikwashi, sikwashi. Mwamsanga pamene mizu yoyera ikuoneka kuchokera kumunsi kutseguka kwa mphika wa pulasitiki, mbande ingabzalidwe pansi. Kumbukirani kuti mavwende samalekerera kuvulala kwa mizu, kotero kuikanso kuyenera kuchitidwa mochuluka kuti kusungunuka kosalala, komwe masiku angapo kusanayambe kutsika kumatsirira kuthirira.
Mu April, kubzala mbande pamalo oyamba kumayamba ndi mochedwa kabichi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mitundu yokolola ndi yamkati imabzalidwa pansi, apo ayi idzayamba pang'onopang'ono, kutaya makhalidwe abwino. Mitengo yamoto imabzalidwa pansi pamapeto a chisanu (May 25).
Chilimwe: kudyetsa, chitetezo ndi kubzala kachiwiri
Yoyamba m'munda imabuka oyambirira kabichi, yomwe ingayambitse slugs. Fukani mbewuyo motsutsana nawo ndi pakati pa mizere ya utuchi ndi choko. Kabichi yam'kati ndi yakucha, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi zambiri imakhala yoperewera kwambiri, ndipo masamba amayamba kukhala a violet, omwe amasonyeza kuti alibe phosphorous. Pano, feteleza yowonjezerapo ndi feteleza ovuta kumathandiza.
Vuto lalikulu limene limakhalapo pakukula tomato ndilo vuto lochedwa. Choyamba amadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe a masamba apansi, ndipo masamba onse m'tchire amadzazidwa ndi mawanga achikasu ndi achikasu. Masamba a phwetekere angatheke chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mkuwa, kudyetsa zomera ndi zinthu zina.
Mukamangiriza zimayambira za phwetekere, mukhoza kupewa kupachika nsongazo, zomwe zidzakupangitsani kuti mumenyane ndi namsongole, pasynkovanie ndi kukolola, komanso kuonjezera kuyatsa kwa chomera. Mukhoza kuchotsa 2-3 bottoms pa tomato kuti muteteze mpweya m'munsi mwake. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe mungathe kubzala Peking kabichi, mitundu yophukira chikhalidwe. Choyamba, zomera zimasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndipo zimawoneka zofooka, koma mu August-September kukula kwawo kudzakhala kolimba kwambiri.
Musaiwale kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba pa zomera. Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera kufooka kochepa kwa chikhalidwe ndi blanching wa masamba. Yang'anani pansi pa masamba, ngati mutapeza malo a nsabwe za m'masamba, yesetsani kudula tizilombo ndi zala. Paminda yayikulu, gwiritsani ntchito biologics ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Radishi afesedwa mu August. Kufupikitsa tsiku lowala kumapanganso zinthu zomwe zikukula, koma tsopano ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsirizayi. Mu kugwa iwe udzakhala ndi radish yomwe ikuwoneka ngati kaloti. Mitengo yayitali ndi yayikulu, yamphamvu ndi yotsekemera kuposa oyambirira.
Mukhoza kufesa ndi rukkola. Pakati pa kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kusinthasintha, arugula mofulumira amapereka mivi, masamba kukhala ouma kwambiri ndi owawa mu kukoma. Mu August, ndi usiku wozizira, mavutowa amayamba kutha. Koma ngakhale mutapeza masamba ndi kuwawa, muwachepetseni m'madzi otentha, ndipo amatha.
M'dzinja: podzimnii kufesa ndi kuyeretsa malo
Nthawi yabwino kubzala yozizira - pa September 25, koma osati mochedwa kuti achite kumayambiriro kwa October. Asanayambe chisanu, adzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu. Musanadzalemo, tsatirani mano mu tizigawo ting'onoting'ono kuti tipeze mphukira yoyanjana.
Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October kapena kumayambiriro kwa November, gwiritsani ntchito kubzala kochepa kwa zomera zomwe zimasinthidwa ndi chimfine - kaloti, parsley, katsabola, udzu winawake, anyezi. Zomera zoterozo zimafuna kuya kwa 2-3 masentimita, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa 1.5 kuchuluka kwa mbeu. Ndi bwino kubzala, kugona striae kuya kwa 4-5 masentimita osati mazira pansi, koma humus ndi mchenga kapena peat. Sankhani nthawi yambewu kuti mbeu ikhale yochulukira, koma musamere. Ndibwino kuti mubzale zomera pang'onopang'ono, kotero mudziwe kuti nyengo ikupambana kwambiri chifukwa cha mbewu izi m'malo mwanu.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, yomwe ili ndi filimu, nyengo imatsekedwa mu October, pamene kutentha kumapita pansipa + 3 ° С usiku. Pa tomato, dulani zipatso zonse ndipo patukani payekha zobiriwira, zofiirira, zofiira ndi zosweka. Ngati tomato akadali wobiriwira, koma amasonyeza kale zizindikiro za matenda, ndi bwino kutaya zitsanzo zoterezi - zidzasala mofulumira kuposa kucha. Ndi bwino kuika tomato wofiira ndi wofiira pamalo ozizira ozizira, komanso zobiriwira pamalo otentha. Kotero mumatenga tomato mwamsanga. Chotsani zomera kuchokera ku twine, ndibwino kuti musataye zatsamba zamasamba, koma kuti muwaike kapena kuziwotcha.
Kutentha kosapanda kanthu kumafunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndiyeneranso kupanga humus ndi kukumba nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Musaiwale kupukuta mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga soda ndi kuwonjezera kwa kashiamu kapena madzi a chlorinated, zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa chimango. Makamaka mosamala kuchotsa ku zotsalira za udzu malo pafupi ndi matenda zomera. Musaiwale kuchotsa filimuyo kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha nthawi. Kuchedwa kungasanduke mafupa a nyama, ngati chisanu chikugwa mosayembekezereka.