Family Freesia wochokera m'banja la iris. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 6. Africa imaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira a chomera ichi. Freesia ndi zomera za tuberous. Lili ndi masamba aakulu komanso opapatiza a mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa a chomerachi ndi ofiira, okhala ndi mtundu wosiyana, akhoza kukhala woyera, buluu, kirimu, lalanje, wofiirira. Maluwa amamera m'magulu, amakhala ndi fungo labwino, ali pambali pa nthambi, zowonongeka. Mu chilengedwe pali mitundu iwiri ndi yosavuta.
Mitundu yowonjezereka ya freesia imatengedwa - hybrid freesia ndi kutsutsa freesia. Maluwa a freesia amadalira nthawi yobzala corms. Nthaŵi zambiri freesia amabzalidwa kotero kuti m'nyengo yozizira amayamba kuphuka.
Freesia: chisamaliro
Chomeracho sichifuna luso lapadera, kotero pamene likukula, sipangakhale mavuto ena apadera. Freesia amafunikira kuwala kowala, imatha kumera dzuwa, koma ndi mpweya wabwino, mwinamwake chomera chidzatenthedwa. Pakuti kulima mawindo a Freesia, kum'mwera, kumadzulo ndi kummawa adzakwaniritsa. Kuyambira masana dzuwa, makamaka nyengo yozizira yotentha, zomera ndi bwino kuti pritenyat. Pawindo la kumpoto, freesia adzawona kusowa kwa kuwala, komwe kuli kofunikira ku zomera zachibadwa. M'nthawi yachisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, zomera zimasowa kuunikira kwina ndi nyali zoyera kapena masana.
Ndibwino kuti musamere zomera zachinyamata pansi pa dzuwa, koma kuti muwone kuwala kowala. Musawonetsere chomeracho mwamsanga mutagula dzuwa, chitani izi siziyenera kutengeranso nyengo yamitambo yakale, kapena ngati chomeracho chidzawotchedwa.
Pa nyengo yokula, chomera cha freesia chiyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, ozizira, mpweya wabwino, kumene kutentha kuli pafupi ndi madigiri 16-18. Ndipamwamba kutentha kwapamwamba kwa zinthu, freesia ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya watsopano.
Ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa pamalo ozizira panthawi ya kukula, ndiye kuti ulimi wothirira uyenera kukhala wambiri, monga momwe dziko lapansi lidzakhalire. Kwa kuthirira, madzi ofewa, amatengedwa madzi. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zilipo (pafupi 22-25 o ) ndikofunikira kuwonjezera madzi okwanira, komabe, wosanjikiza pamwamba ayenera kuyima.
Pakuyamera kwa corms, kuti musasambe madzi, muyenera kumwa madzi mosamala kwambiri. Panthawi yopuma, ma corms omwe ali mu miphika kapena peat sayenera kuthiriridwa.
Freesia m'chipinda chozizira akhoza kutenga mpweya wouma. Nyengo ikakhala yotentha, chomeracho chiyenera kukonzedwa ndi madzi oyambirira m'mawa, ndipo madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika tsiku lililonse.
Mwamsanga pamene masamba anayamba kuonekera, chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi mchere feteleza. Muyenera kudyetsa mpaka masamba onse afota pa mbeu. Pa budding, muyenera kudyetsa feteleza ndi phosphorous zambiri. Pakukula kwa masamba, komanso pambuyo poti zomera zatha, m'pofunikira kudyetsa feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
Zimayambira kuti freesia ayenera kumangidwa pamene akukula, chifukwa kuyamwa kumatha kuyambitsa maluwa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kusakhala maluwa kwathunthu. Pa maluwa duwa phesi silingathe kukhala ndi mawonekedwe opanda chithandizo. Maluwa amamasula masiku 15-20. Zitsanzo zakale zimakula kwambiri kuposa mbande. Kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi ma freesias, amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza mbewu zaka makumi awiri zonse. Pamene chomeracho chatha, mitengo ya maluwa imachotsedwa, kenako kuthirira mbewuyo kuyenera kupitilira kwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri, mpaka mphukira zatsopano zikakhazikitsidwe. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira ayenera kupititsidwa pang'onopang'ono, mpaka masamba atayika kwathunthu. Kenaka corms amafukula ndikuyikidwa m'chipinda choziziritsa, pamalo ouma osungirako mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 6-8. Ma Corms amatha kubzala miphika nthawi ndi mtsogolo mpaka maluwawo apangidwe mu chipinda chozizira. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa buds freesia akhoza kusamutsidwa kuwindo. Kutentha kwina kwazomwezi ziyenera kukhala pafupi 12 mpaka madigiri 12-16.
Kubalana kwa mbewu
Freesia ndi chomera chomwe chingamere osati osati kokha kuchokera ku corms, komanso kuchokera ku mbewu.
Mbewu imalangizidwa kuti ifesedwe ngati n'kofunika, pomwe mutha kupeza zitsanzo zabwino. Musanafese mbewu zimayenera kumera, chifukwa mbewu zimabzalidwa zaka makumi awiri zilizonse. Dziko lapansi losakaniza kuti lifesedwe liyenera kukhala ndi mchenga ndi pepala lapansi. Ndipo mukhoza kutenga gawo lokonzekera la zomera ndi mchenga. Gawo lokonzekera liyenera kuthirira poyamba, ndipo pokhapokha mubzala mbewu. Mbeu zofesedwa ziyenera kupangidwa ndi mpweya wochepa (2 mm) wa chisakanizo cha mbeu. Pambuyo pa mbande zikukula mpaka masentimita 2-3, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa, mbande 10 zikhalebe mumphika. Ngati mbewu zafesedwa kumapeto kwa masika, a freesia omwe amakula motere adzaphuka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira.
Korms ikhoza kubzalidwa kumapeto kapena pakati pa chilimwe (zimadalira nthawi yomwe mukufuna kupeza maluwa okongola). Chomera chachitsulo chiyenera kukhala zidutswa zisanu mu mphika wambiri. Musanabzala, amaluwa amtunduwu amalimbikitsa pafupi masabata awiri kuti apirire corms mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 28-30. Kuti mupeze maluwa okongola ndi bwino kutenga mababu akulu. Pansi pa mphika ayenera kukhala mchenga, shards, miyala, kusakaniza kokonzeka kwa zomera zamtundu kapena chisakanizo chokhala ndi mchenga 13 ndi dothi la nthaka (gawo limodzi) losakanizidwa ndi makala amatsanulira.
Ma Corms amabzalidwa mozama pafupifupi 3 cm mu nthaka yonyowa. Pambuyo pake, mphika uyenera kuikidwa pamalo ozizira bwino, kumene kulibe ulimi wothirira mpaka masamba apangidwe. Masamba atangoyamba kukula, muyenera kuyamba kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, otsika. Pamene masamba ndi maluwa amawoneka, kuthirira kumawonjezeka.
Kuwonongeka: nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kangaude.