Kufotokozera za mtundu.
Dzina lachibadwa limachokera ku "nephros" (Chigiriki) - impso ndi "lepis" (Greek) - masikelo. Ndipo amasonyeza mawonekedwe ofanana ndi filimu ya coverlet, yophimba magulu a spores.
Masamba a pinnate, kukula mpaka mamita atatu, kusunga apical kukula kwa zaka zingapo. Zimayambira za mbewu zimfupikitsidwa ndikupereka yopanda kanthu mphukira. Achinyamata amawombera masambawa. Pamapeto a mitsempha muli srusy. Zili zozungulira, nthawi zina zimapezeka zitayendetsedwa m'mphepete mwake. Omlongata imakhala yozungulira kapena yozungulira, yokhazikika pamunsi kapena yokhazikika pamodzi. Sporangia mu nephrolepis pa miyendo, mkati mwa sorus yoyamba ndi ya mibadwo yosiyana. Spores ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndi bedi lochepa lodziwika bwino.
Nephrolepis amatha kuyamwa ndi kuthetsa zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa mawiri a toluene, xylene, formaldehyde - zinthu zovulaza. Kotero, chomera ichi chikhoza kutchedwa "fyuluta yakuda". Mitundu iyi imatha kuchepetsa zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'chipinda ndi anthu kupuma.
Zimakhulupiriranso kuti m'nyumba zam'mimba nephrolepis zimatha kukhala mlengalenga kuti zichepetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimatengedwa ndi madontho a m'madzi. Mukhoza kunena kuti ngati chipinda chikukula ndiphrolepis, pumani mosavuta.
Ma masamba a serrate nephrolepis kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a ku Guyana kuti azichiza mabala ndi zilonda.
Nephrolepis ndi fern yokongola, kotero iwe ukhoza kuiyika iyo yokha mu chipinda. Masamba a fern iyi ndi ofooka, kotero akulangizidwa kuti asaike chirichonse pafupi ndi icho, kuti asawononge masamba.
Mtundu uwu wa fern udzawoneka wabwino ngati mawonekedwe a ampelian, onse m'basiketi lopachikidwa ndi poto wamba. Fern angakulire pazitsulo, m'holo, mu bafa pafupi ndi zenera. Chomeracho chimatha kukula pang'onopang'ono, choncho nthawi zambiri chimakula pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Kuunikira kwapangidwe kungatheke ndi magetsi a fulorosenti, omwe ayenera kuwotcha maola 16 pa tsiku.
Kusamalira mbewu.
Nephrolepis ndi zomera zomwe zimakonda kuwala, koma sizilimbana ndi dzuwa. Osati zoipa kukula m'mawindo akummawa kapena kumadzulo. Pafupi ndiwindo lakumwera, inunso, limani, koma pa nkhaniyi, muyenera kulenga ndi gauze, tulles kumwazikana kapena malo kutali ndiwindo.
M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimatha kutengedwera kumsewu m'munda kapena pakhomo, koma zimayenera kusamalidwa kuti zisawononge mazira a dzuwa pa chomeracho, chitetezeni kuchokera pazithunzi ndi mphepo. Ngati chomera chikukula m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti chiyenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, zomera zimasowa kuyatsa bwino, zomwe zingachitidwe ndi magetsi a fulorosenti. Zingwe zimayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 50-60, ndipo zimayaka maola 8 pa tsiku. Ventilate chipinda ndipo muyenera kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira, koma muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti mupewe ma drafts.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20 о С, ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumaposa 24, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuwonjezera mvula, chifukwa nephrolepis imalekerera kutentha. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwakukulu ndi 15 °, ngati kutentha kukugwa ndi madigiri 3, ndiye kuthirira kuchepa ndi kuthirira mbewuyo kuyenera kukhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a madzi. Osayika chomera pafupi ndi radiator, chifukwa mpweya wotentha umatha kuwononga mbewu.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ochuluka, monga chigawo chapamwamba cha coma ya dziko lapansi chidzauma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira moyenera, patatha masiku 1 (osachepera), mutayika pamwamba. Nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa, koma osati mvula. Musalole kuti gawoli liwume, ngakhale kuti mtundu wa fern ukhoza kukumana ndi vutoli, koma izi zingachititse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe kuuma.
Mbewu za nephrolepis, monga ferns zina ngati chinyezi chachikulu, zimakhala zothandiza kupopera iwo chaka chonse. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo ndi madzi osungunuka kapena oima.
Ngati chomera chikukula mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti sprayed amalangizidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Komanso kuonjezera chinyezi chakuda ndi nephrolepis chikhoza kuikidwa pa khola lomwe liri ndi mwala wouma, wothira dongo kapena moss. Pansi pa mphika sayenera kugwirizana ndi madzi. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, fern akhoza kuikidwa pansi pa osamba ndikusamba, pamene mukuyenera kutsimikiza kuti madzi samapezeka pa gawo lapansi (mphika ukhoza kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene). Izi sizidzangotulutsa fumbi kuchoka ku chomera, komanso kuwonjezera pazidzidzidzi ndi vai.
Kudyetsa pamene kukula kumachitika mlungu uliwonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wosakanizidwa pazitsamba zokongola (1/4 mwachizolowezi).
M'nthawi yachisanu-yozizira, palibe feteleza yowonjezera, chifukwa izi zingayambitse matenda aakulu a fern.
Mnyamata wachinyamata amalowa chaka chimodzi nthawi yachisanu. Zipinda zapakhomo zimatengedwa m'chaka chakumapeto kwa zaka ziwiri. Chotsani chomera bwino mu pulasitiki, popeza iwo, mosiyana ndi miphika yadothi, amasunga chinyezi bwino. Miphika ndi yabwino kusankha pansi ndi yozama, chifukwa mizu ya fern imakula m'lifupi. Ngati mphika umakhala waung'ono, umangoyang'ana pa zomera: ma vayas amauma, masamba aang'ono amakula bwino, mtundu umawuluka. Ngati nephrolepis imakula mu mphika waukulu (masentimita khumi ndi awiri), masambawo akhoza kukula mpaka mamita 45-50, ndipo m'makina ena masamba amakula mpaka masentimita 75.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala (pH mpaka 6.5) ndipo imaphatikizapo kumtunda kwa peat, coniferous ndi hothouse (zonse zitengedwa mofanana). Kwa makilogalamu 1 a mawonekedwe, 5 magalamu a fupa chakudya ndiwonjezeredwa.
Ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito peat yokha ya kukula kwa fern, yomwe imayenera kukhala 20 masentimita. Mukhoza kukula mudothi lokongoletsera: nthaka yakuda (magawo anayi), gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi gawo limodzi la peat. Yonjezerani makala pamtunda.
Mankhwala abwino ndi oyenera, ndipo ngakhale mtundu wa fern uwu umakonda nthaka yonyowa, komabe, udzu wa nthaka ndi madzi omwe akukhalapo amalekerera kwambiri.
Zimafalikira ndi spores (nthawizina), pogawaniza rhizome (chitsamba), polemba mizu ya pubescent popanda masamba, mitundu ina mwa tubers.
Zimakhudza: whitefly, kangaude mite, scutellum, mealybug.