Ngakhale kuti mapiritsi oyamba kubadwa anapangidwa mmbuyo mu 1960 ku United States, ndipo makondomu anakhala njira yodziwikiratu yoteteza mimba m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, sitingagwiritse ntchito njira zamakono zoletsa kubereka. Chifukwa chiyani? Pali zambiri za iwo, koma zotsatira zake ndi chimodzi - zosasangalatsa (muzochitika zonse) zotsatira za nthawi zosangalatsa za chibwenzi.
Kuphatikiza pa zoletsedwa zachipembedzo (tchalitchi sichichirikiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekera zopangira, zimalola munthu "kukhala" wina ndi mzake m'njira yachibadwa), wina sangathe kunyalanyaza umbuli ndi manyazi omwe akugwirizana nawo ndi kuyankhula ndi mayi wamayi. Choyambirira, woyambitsa woyendera koyamba kwa msungwana wachinyamata kwa mayi wamayi ayenera kukhala mayi ake, kumutengera kwa dokotala yemwe amamukhulupirira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti msungwana ayenera kuyambira mapepala, koma ayenera kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kuti adziwe chizoloŵezi chochezera "dokotala kwa atsikana." Ulendo wotsatira kwa adotolo, mwinamwake, nkutheka kuyamba kuyambitsa zokambirana za kulera (amayi ayenera kudzifunsa - ngati mwanayo ali ndi ufulu wodziwa).
Atsikana lero ali ndi chisankho chabwino. Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala omwe amadziwika msika wathu kwa zaka makumi angapo, palinso zinthu zina zambiri. Kodi mungasankhe chiyani?
Akatswiri a zachipatala amadziwa kuti mtundu wa kulera umadalira zaka, chiwerengero cha chiyanjano, chiwerengero cha abwenzi ndi thanzi. Mfundo yakuti timagwiritsa ntchito zoterezi, osati njira ina, sizikutanthauza kuti zidzatumikira bwino. Azimayi ena sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chifukwa cha matenda, ena samakonda kumwa mankhwala aliwonse. Mulimonsemo, musanapange chisankho, muyenera kudziwa phindu kapena zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono.
Mankhwala oletsa kubadwa
Izi ndi mapiritsi okhala ndi mafananidwe opangidwa ndi mahomoni achilengedwe. Msikawu unayamba kuoneka mankhwala omwe ali ndi masoka a estrogen. Kawirikawiri, mapiritsiwa amachitapo kanthu poletsa kutsekemera. Dzira, losakhwima, limamasulidwa ku ovary ndipo silingagwirizane ndi umuna. Mapiritsi amachititsanso kusintha kwa mkodzo wa chiberekero (umakhala wambiri ndipo umakhala wopanda mphamvu kwa umuna). Momwemonso, iye sapereka umuna m'mimba yazimayi.
Mapiritsi amagawidwa kukhala amodzi ndi awiri-chigawo, malingana ndi ma hormones omwe ali nawo. Njira ziwiri zothandizira kubereka zili ndi estrogen ndi progestin. Zina mwazo ndi mitundu itatu ya E-gawo - mapiritsi onse ali ndi mitundu yofanana ndi yolembedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chifukwa ali ndi mavitamini angapo omwe samakhudza kakhadini thanzi la mkazi. Mtundu wachiwiri wa E-gawo ndi mitundu iwiri ya mapiritsi okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zonse zili ndi estrogen yofanana, koma mphamvu ya hormone yachiwiri, progestin, yasinthidwa. Mtundu wachitatu wa E-gawo ndi mitundu itatu ya mapiritsi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pamene pazifukwa zina thupi silingathe kutumiza mapiritsi a magawo ena.
Zofunika! Mapiritsi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'aniridwa ndi mayi wamayi. Amasankha zoyenera kuchita, kupereka zokhudzana ndi zotsatira zake, monga kunyozetsa, kumutu, madzi okwanira ndi kulemera. Mankhwala osakanizidwa bwino a hormone sayenera kuchititsa zizindikiro izi, kapena, mwina, kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu.
Njira zamakono za kulera zimakhala zothandiza ngati mumazidya nthawi zonse. Pakati pa amai, zolakwitsa zomwezo zimakhala zofala (makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kumwa mankhwala) - zindikirani za piritsi yotsatira. Ngati tikukumbukira izi mkati mwa maola 12, tidzatetezedwa kwambiri kuchokera mimba. Komabe, nthawi yambiri ikadutsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zowonjezera, monga makondomu. Kuchita kwa mankhwala kungachepetsenso kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza. Ena mwa mahomoniwa sangathe kutengeka ndi matenda ndikulowa magazi.
Mapiritsi amatengedwa m'dongosolo la 21 mpaka 7, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti masabata atatu oyambirira mumatenga mahomoni, ndipo pamakhala sabata la mlungu uliwonse pamene kusamba kumapezeka. Ndiye muyambe kuyamba kulandira mwatsopano. Ma mapiritsi ena ali ndi progesin yokha. Ndiwo mwayi wabwino kwa amayi omwe amawongolera kwambiri pa chilichonse. Ayeneranso kutenga njira za kulera za tsiku ndi tsiku masiku 28 pa nthawi yomweyo. Cholakwika chovomerezeka, monga lamulo, sichiposa maola awiri. Ngakhale panali anthu amene anaiwala kumwa mankhwalawa pasanafike 12 koloko. Kuchedwa kwakukulu kumachepetsa kwambiri njirayi. Mapiritsiwa ndi njira yabwino kwa amayi omwe amasuta, amavutika ndi khunyu, migraine komanso amayi omwe sangathe kumwa mapiritsi omwe ali ndi estrogen. Imeneyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi oyamwitsa (mosiyana ndi chikhulupiliro chodziwika kuti kuyamwitsa kokha kumateteza mimba ina). Izi sizimakhudza mono-kupanga, mkaka ndi chitukuko cha ana.
Watsopano! Posachedwapa, mapiritsi awiri a zigawo zomwe zilipo kale zikuwoneka-zomwe zimatchedwa 24 + 4. Zimatengedwa mkati mwa masiku 28, koma 24 zokha zokha zimakhala ndi mahomoni, ndipo masiku anayi otsatirawa mumakhala ndi zotsatira za placebo. Chifukwa chiyani? Simusowa kukumbukira nthawi zonse pamene mungayambe phukusi latsopano. Iyenera kuyamba mwamsanga phukusi lapitayi litatha. Chitsanzo cha 24 + 4 chinapangidwa kuti chichepetse kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni pa nthawi ya kusamba, yomwe ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi regimen 21+ 7. Chifukwa cha mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kukhala ndi zotsatira zochepa.
Kumbukirani! Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana angayambitse zotsatirazi mwa amayi:
- Kutupa kwa majeremusi ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya;
- Kumutu;
- Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda opatsirana, kupwetekedwa ndi mtima, makamaka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, kusuta nthawi imodzi (izi ndizofunikira pambuyo pa zaka 35).
Zojambula zogonana
Kuwongolera kwa minofu, pakali pano, yesetsani kugwira ntchito piritsi lomwelo. Zili ndi mahomoni omwe, chifukwa cha mapangidwe awo apadera, alowetsa khungu kulowa m'thupi. Amapereka ufulu wochuluka, chifukwa simufunikira kukumbukira tsiku lililonse. Zokwanira kuziyika kamodzi pa sabata.
Njira izi zothandizira kubereka zingatheke: pamabowo, m'mimba, pamtunda kapena kumtunda. Simungathe kujambula chithandizo chamagulu pachifuwa chanu! Mukhoza kusankha malo atsopano mlungu uliwonse, koma ngati mutasankha, chigambacho chiyenera kukhalapo masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pali malamulo ena ovala chilakolako cha kulera:
Musagwiritse ntchito khungu lofiira, lopsa mtima, lauubweya kapena lovulala;
Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito chigamba chimodzi, chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa musanamange chatsopano;
Adhesives akhoza kuvekedwa kwa masabata atatu, ndiyeno masiku asanu ndi awiri amatsatira popanda "zolemba". Ndiye kusamba kukuchitika. Mbalame sizikuvulazidwa ndi madzi, mukhoza kukula nawo, kuchita masewera aliwonse. Zochita zogwira mtima komanso zotsutsana ndi njira imeneyi zokhudzana ndi kulera ndi zofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubereka. Mabanki ndi abwino kwa amayi omwe akudwala matenda a chiwindi. Mahomoni amatha kudutsa njira yamagetsi yomwe ili yofunikira.
Pali zina zosokoneza mwa njira iyi. Mbalame sizakonzedwa kuti amayi azilemera makilogalamu 90, chifukwa mafutawa amachititsa kuti mafutawo asapitirire. Kuonjezera apo, kafukufuku waposachedwapa awonetsa kuti, chifukwa cha mapepala, mahomoni ambiri alowa mu thupi la mkazi kusiyana ndi kumeza kwa mapiritsi pafupifupi 60%!
Mphuno ya kumimba ya mafinoni
Mwamtheradi watsopano ndi mphete ya mahomoni - njira yoyamba ya kubereka. Zikuwoneka ngati chikopa chofewa, choonekera, komanso chasilicone. Ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zala zanu ndipo zilowetsedwe mukazi. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti muyenera kuikamo kamodzi - ndipo mukhoza kuiwala za kulera kwa masabata atatu. Patatha milungu itatu, mayiyo amachotsa mpheteyo mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri otsatirawa, kenako amachotsa magazi. Chovalacho sichimamvekanso muzimayi. Palinso kudera nkhaŵa kuti imatuluka. Musadandaule! Zapangidwa kuti zikhalebe ngakhale panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena padziwe. Ndipo ngakhale zituluka, zikhoza kusambitsidwa ndi madzi ndikuyikanso. Chovalacho sayenera kukhala kunja kwa thupi kwa maola oposa atatu. Sichimamvekanso panthawi yogonana.
Mahomoni omwe ali mmenemo amachititsa ngati mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, koma ndi othandiza kwambiri, pamene akudutsa m'mimba. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amayi olemera makilogalamu 90. Zomwe zili m'mimba yogonana ndi estrogen zimakhudza kwambiri maonekedwe a mabakiteriya. Pali zovuta - zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza ku pharmacies. Tiyeneranso kulembetsa tsiku loyamba la mpheteyo, chifukwa patatha masabata atatu n'zosavuta kuiwala kuti chiri mkati.
Chipangizo chachitsulo
Pakalipano, njira zolepheretsa kubereka ndikukumana ndi chitsitsimutso kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi, monga momwe zilili zabwino komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Mizimu imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, mkuwa ndi polyethylene, nthawi zina ndi kuwonjezera kwa siliva. Angakhalenso ndi nkhokwe ya mahomoni. Amagwira ntchito mochita kupanga (mwachitsanzo, mkuwa omwe amachepetsera umuna, kuti asakhale ndi mwayi wotuluka mu mazira omwe amamera ndikudyetsa dzira), kapena pamtundu wa hormone - mofanana ndi mapiritsi koma amangoikidwa m'malo mwawo chiberekero. Ndibwino kuti jekeseni tsiku lomaliza la kusamba. Amayambira mu chiberekero kudzera mwa wogwira ntchitoyo. Pamene mpweya uli kale, umatenga mawonekedwe ndi malo oyenerera.
Mizimu imapezeka popanda mankhwala, koma ingathe kuperekedwa ndi azimayi okhaokha. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi chitsimikizo cha ntchito kwa zaka zisanu. Iwo ali ndipamwamba kwambiri. Kodi mavuto ndi otani? Iyi si njira yabwino kwa amayi omwe sanaberekebe. Komanso, kutaya magazi kwambiri kumakhala kovuta, komwe kungapangitse chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Zilonda zam'madzi ndi implants
Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ali kale pamsika wa mdziko. Pali njira ya mankhwala, yomwe imayambitsidwa kamodzi pa miyezi itatu iliyonse. Zachilendo - jekeseni kamodzi pamwezi. Zili zofanana ndi mapiritsi. Kuchepetsa nthawi ya jekeseni pamwezi kungathandize kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusintha kuchepetsa kusamba.
Ndiponso, implants yapansikati imakhala yotchuka. Mudziko lao muli mitundu iwiri yokha - imodzi imagwira zaka zitatu, yachiwiri-zisanu. Kuphweka kwa njirayi ndiwowonekeratu - nthawi yachitapo. Ndizotheka kutengera njira zowonongeka komanso zolepheretsa kubereka ndi zowonjezera, koma izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala oyenerera. Azimayi ena amakumananso ndi mavuto monga nthawi yaitali popanda kusamba. Iwo samalola nthawi zonse izi chifukwa kukhalapo kwawo kumagwirizananso ndi thanzi ndi chikazi. Mitengo imakhala yopanda phindu komanso yosaoneka. Kukwanitsa kutenga mimba kubwezeretsedwa atachotsedwa.
Makondomu
Makondomu adakali njira zodziwika kwambiri za kulera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa achinyamata. Koma sizingakhale zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amapanga zolakwika zomwe zingayambitse kapena kutaya kondomu kuchokera ku mbolo.
Kondomu imateteza mimba yosafuna, komanso imakhala ndi phindu linalake - limateteza HIV, syphilis ndi gonorrhea kwambiri.
Chonde chonde! Njira monga mafuta odzola, mafuta a maolivi kapena zodzoladzola zimatha kuwononga latex, kumene kondomu imapangidwira. Pofuna kuthira kondomu, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala okhaokha, osati ndi mafuta (mafuta opangira mankhwala).
Makondomu amagulidwa bwino pa pharmacy. Ndiye tikudziwa kuti mankhwalawa ndi abwino. Musanagwiritse ntchito, fufuzani tsiku lopangidwira komanso ngati pulasitikiyo yayamba bwino ndipo siidapweteke. Makondomu ayenela kusungidwa pamalo ouma, amdima pamtunda wotentha.