Kotero, tadzindikira kale mtundu wa maluwa ndi dahlia, momwe ungakulire, zomwe umakonda komanso momwe ungasamalire, koma izi siziri zonse zomwe wokonda maluwa amayenera kudziwa za kulima maluwa okongola awa. M'nkhaniyi tiwulula zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingakukhudzeni - momwe mungasungire, kuchulukitsa ndi kuteteza dahlias ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji dahlias?
Musanafike chisanu, maluwawo atha kale pachimake, kotero muyenera kudula dahlias onse kuti asachoke pa masentimita 15 okha kuchokera muzu, ndiyeno mukhoza kukumba ma tubers okha. Chabwino, ndikugwedeza pansi ndikuiika mu tanka lachinyumba cha m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuti mukhalebe m'nyengo yozizira, mchere wa dahlia ukhoza kupulumuka, muyenera kuchita izi: kuthandizira njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndikugwiritsira ntchito tubers kwa theka la ora, ndiye yowuma bwino. Masabata atatu oyambirira muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8-10, kuti mutsegule chipinda nthawi zonse komanso kupereka mpweya wa 90%.
Pakatha masabata atatu oyambirira, tubers ikhoza kutumizidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ya hibernation, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala 3-6 madigiri Celsius ndi chinyezi 50-60%. Inde, kutentha kumasiyana, koma chinthu chachikulu sikuti kutentha kutenge pansi pa madigiri 0. M'chaka, mungapeze kuti ndi dahlia wotani, ndikuwongolera muzosiyana kapena phukusi posiyanitsa. Mapaki sayenera kutsekedwa mwanjira iliyonse, kuti zomera zisakanike ndi mpweya wokwanira. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kukonza zokolola, chifukwa ziphuphu komanso odwala matendawa amawoneka.
Ngati mumakhala mumzinda wamudzi, mungathe kusunga nkhumbazo ngati zakhala zouma komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ikani ma tubers mu bokosi ndikuwatumize ku malo ozizira kwambiri omwe mungakhale nawo mu nyumba yanu. Komanso, nthawi zonse mumayang'ana ma tubers ndi kuchotsa zowonongeka. Mukawona kuti tubers idayamba kuuma, ndiye kuwawaza ndi madzi, ngati atachoka nthawi zina sakhala bwino, chitani izi mobwerezabwereza.
Kubalanso kwa mitundu yachifumu
Dahlias ikhoza kufalikizidwa ndi cuttings, mbewu ndi vegetatively. April ndi nyengo yokolola kwambiri ya mwezi uno. M'nkhani yapitayi, tidakambirana ndi inu momwe mungayambitsire ma daisies mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, kufalitsa kwa njira ya vegetative kumafuna chidwi chapadera. Musanayambe kugawana nawo tubers, ndi kofunika kuti iwo azipaka pang'ono. Pochita izi, amaikidwa m'bokosi ndi mchenga, utuchi kapena firiji, tizingolenga 1/3 ndikuyika malo otentha. Tizilombo timene timayenera kuthira nthawi zonse. Mukawona kuti ali ndi mfundo zokula, zichotseni pansi. Kakuzhe adanena kale kuti tuber iyenera kugawidwa kotero kuti ikhale ndi imodzi yokhala ndi tuber komanso mbali ya muzu ndi impso.
Kenaka, tizirombo tomwe timagawanika tiyenera kuuma ndi kuwaza ndi malasha osweka, ndipo tsopano n'zotheka kuwaponya m'miphika ndi mabokosi. Ndipotu, pamene mukubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka, m'pofunika kuwasunga m'nyumba mkati kutentha kwa madigiri 15 Celsius ndi madzi okwanira. Ngati simungathe kusunga tizilombo kutentha, ndipo iwo ali m'malo ofunda, amafunika kuti asiye masiku otentha kumalo atsopano kuti athe kuumitsa.
Ngati palibe choopsa cha chisanu, tubers zingabzalidwe pamalo osatha.
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa dahlias ndi cuttings, ndiye muyenera kudziwa kuti phesi lirilonse liyenera kukhala losiyana ndi chomera cha mayi ndi "chidendene". Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yothandizira mbali, yomwe imachotsedwa ikafika 8-10 centimita.
Mitengo ya cuttings imadulidwa pansi pa tsamba la tsamba, mcherewu ukhoza kuchotsedwa panthawi ino. Pambuyo pa kudula, phesi ili limabzalidwa mu chidebe, bokosi kapena pansi, koma liyenera kukhala ndi polyethylene. Kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuyenera kukwera, kuti mizu ikhale yochepa kwambiri. Sam cherenok masabata ozikika miyezi 2-3.
Matenda a Dahlia
Dahlias akuwopa kwambiri matenda a tizilombo, bakiteriya ndi fungal. Matenda a fungal ambiri ndi mwendo wakuda, ndi owopsa kwa achinyamata maluwa. Kuwulula izi mukhoza kuwona kukuda ndi kupatulira tsinde, pambuyo pake dahlia amwalira posachedwa. Pofuna kuteteza matendawa, m'pofunika kudzala zipatso m'matenda omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati muwona zizindikiro zoyamba, nthawi yomweyo dothi liyenera kutsanulidwa ndi 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Matenda ngati ovunda oyera kapena owuma amawonetsedwa ndi masamba achikasu, omwe amafalikira. Izi ndi matenda a fungal. Ambiri okonda maluwa, podziwa matendawa, amapitirira kwambiri-kuchotsa zomera zodwala, kuwononga dziko lapansi, ndiyeno kuzimba.
Zovunda zouma zingathe kuwononga zomera ngakhale pa nthawi ya hibernation, mukakhala ndi tubers pakhomo. Zouma zowola pa tubers mungazizindikire mwamsanga, choncho malowa adadulidwa pamalo abwino, ndipo malo odulidwa amakhala ndi mafuta ndi makala ndi imvi kapena golide. Ndipo ngati mukuwona kuti tubers zimakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuwaponyera.
Zingakhale kuti dahlias amaoneka pa dahlias, izi zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chapezeka ndi powdery mildew. Monga lamulo, powdery mildew ikuyamba ndipo imawoneka kumene mpweya wouma kwambiri ndi priperezkih kutentha kusiyana. Kwa njira zoteteza zothandizira ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi colloidal sulfure kapena nyundo, yomwe mudzasungunuka mumadzi, kupeza 1% yankho.
Komabe, mukhoza kusunga chomera pachigawo choyambirira cha chitukukochi, konzani mkuwa wa sulfate ndi njira ya soapy. Tengani magawo 220 a sopo, 2 magalamu a vitriol zamkuwa ndi lita imodzi ya madzi. Ndi njirayi, gwiritsani ntchito opsnisteristenie ndi kubwereza ndondomeko mu sabata.
Matenda a tizilombo tawopsa ndi owopsa kwambiri, amatha kuwoneka ngati ming'alu ndi mawanga pa masamba, koma n'zosatheka kuchiza maluwa, choncho zomera zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo zowonongeka ndi dothi lonse ziyenera kutetezedwa. Mu masiku angapo, mosakayikira, kukumba bwino.
Matenda a bakiteriya amakhudzanso kwambiri dahlias, amadziwonetsera okha ngati mawonekedwe omwe amabweretsa maluwa. Tizilombo timayamba kuwonongeka, kenako timatha, pamene nthaka yozungulira imadwala mabakiteriya. Pafupifupi zaka zisanu, mabakiteriyawa akhoza kusungidwa m'nthaka. Zomera zomwe zimadwala matenda ziyenera kuwonongedwa mofulumira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga thrips, meadow ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo ndipo, mwamsanga, zimakhala ndi maluwa. Wotsutsa-wothira mankhwala - kupopera mbewu. Komabe, kulowetsedwa pazinthu izi ziyenera kukhala wapadera - kuchokera ku Dalmatian chamomile ndi sopo yankho. Sungani masentimita 300 sopo pa lita imodzi ya madzi, sopo ndi ndondomeko ya fodya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatetezera bwino zomera ku tizirombo. Mbozi ndi slugs zingathenso pozaritsya pa masamba a dahlias. Mitundu ya wireworm idzayambitsanso zitsamba za zomera za tuber. The nematode imalowa mumasamba, mizu yatopa, panthawi imodzimodziyo pali kutupa m'malo amenewo.
Mukawona mphutsi, tizirombo kapena tizilombo m'munda wanu wamaluwa, tisonkhanitsani ndi kuwaononga, ndikuwonetseratu mphasa ndi maluwa. Kumbukirani kuti webusaiti yanu ikhale yoyera komanso yoyera.
Ndipo chinthu chimodzi chokha: kuopseza tizirombo, gwiritsani ntchito marigold, yomwe ingabzalidwe pafupi ndi daisies, ndiye fungo lakuthwa liwopsyeze iwo.