Matenda a Asperger amatanthauza mtundu wa autism, makamaka, ndi momwe umasankhidwira m'mabuku a zamankhwala. Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri ali mwana, pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 4 ndi 11. Zinganenedwe kuti matenda a Asperger amavomerezedwa ndi momwe munthu amaonera dziko lapansi mosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso ndi maganizo omwe sali oyenera kuyankhulana. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakumana ndi mavuto m'madera atatu: kulankhulana ndi anthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chiyanjano.
Pofuna kudziwa kuti poyamba munthu akudwala matenda a Asperger kapena, monga momwe amatchedwanso "autism spectrum disorder", ndizosatheka. Anthu awa alibe zooneka zosaoneka, mukhoza kuzindikira kuti pali matendawa pokhapokha mutayankhulana. M'magulu azachipatala, matendawa akuwonetsedwa ngati kuphwanya malingaliro a anthu, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yeniyeni ya munthu payekha pa moyo wake.
Mavuto aakulu
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti anthu ovutika ndi matenda a Asperger angathe kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi kuti apange moyo wabwino. Ngakhale asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti matendawa angakhale ofanana kwambiri ndi autism, popeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Asperger angalepheretse maganizo, chithunzichi chimasonyeza kuti matendawa akugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa chiyanjano. Anthu ambiri amene apezeka ndi matenda a Asperger ali mwana, akamakula, amasintha zambiri kuti akhale ndi anthu ndipo zizindikiro zina zimasiya kumbuyo.
Ndipotu, mavuto aakulu a anthu oterewa ndi awa:
- zovuta ndi malingaliro a chikhalidwe - sangathe kumvetsetsa zomwe anthu ena akunena, sangathe kulingalira njira yowonjezera ya zochitika, kuphatikizapo maubwenzi, n'zovuta kuti afotokoze maganizo ndi malingaliro a ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi Asperger's Syndrome amamvetsetsa zonse, samayankhula ndi nthabwala ndipo samvetsa tanthauzo la mawu otetezeka (mawu ogwiritsira ntchito mapepala ndi ziphunzitso zina);
- mavuto ndi chiyanjano - anthu awa angafune kulankhulana, koma chifukwa cha matenda awo amakhala akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo nthawi zonse. Iwo sakhala ndi ubale weniweni, sangathe nthawi zonse kuthandizira zokambiranazo, akhoza kuyamba kuyankhula pamutu wosasunthika kapena kufunsa mafunso osayenera. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Asperger amawopseza anthu ena mwa kukhala osokonezeka kwambiri komanso pafupi ndi munthu wina, kuchita zinthu molakwika, kapena kutetezedwa kwa onse popanda chifukwa.
- zovuta ndi kuyankhulana kwa anthu - anthu otere sangathe kumvetsetsa nkhope, mau ndi mawu ena a anthu ena. Poyankhula mawu osavuta kutchula (mwachitsanzo, mawu a sayansi) kapena pamene amapanga ziganizo zovuta, sangamvetse tanthauzo lake.
Apo ayi, anthu awa akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro olemera, maluso ndipo ngakhale kukhala ojambula ojambula, madokotala, lawyers ndi zina zotero. Mphamvu ya nzeru zawo, nthawi zambiri, sizitali kuposa za ena, anthu abwinobwino. Nthawi zina zimafika pamtunda pamwambapa. Maluso a anthu oterowo nthawi zambiri samasiyana ndi maluso a anthu ena. Kuphatikizanso, anthu omwe ali ndi Asperger's Syndrome akhoza kukonza pa phunziro lina kapena zozizwitsa ndikuziwerenga mozama. M'makampani omwe amayenera kuchita zochita, tsiku ndi tsiku akugwira ntchito yofanana, anthu omwewo akhoza kupambana.
Zosiyana
Anthu amene anapezeka kuti ndi "Asperger syndrome" angathe kusankhidwa pakati pa anthuwa chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, kupatula zomwe zimangowonjezedwa pokhapokha ngati akulankhulana. Makhalidwe amenewa ndi awa: kukondwera ndi nkhani inayake, kutuluka kwa zochitika zowonongeka, zomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse, chilakolako chofuna kusonkhanitsa, mavuto ovuta kumva (mavuto ndi zowawa, kuona, kununkhiza ndi ziwalo zina zoganizira), chikondi chokonzekera ndi njira inayake yokonzekera moyo .
Pachiyambi choyamba, changu choterocho sichitha kungokhala ndi luntha komanso luso, koma kukhazikitsanso kulumikizana pakati pa anthu, ngati zosangalatsa za munthu zimakhala zofanana ndi anthu kapena gulu. "Kukonzekera" kumeneku kungakule mu phunziro lakuya, ndipo kenako mu ntchito. Ponena za kukonda dongosolo linalake ndi dongosolo, lingathe kumangothandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ozunguliridwa ndi nkhawa komanso mantha, chifukwa amawona ife ndi dziko mosiyana ndi maso awo ndipo zikuwoneka kuti nthawi zambiri amawopseza.
Zovuta zowonetsera zingawonetsedwe mwachitukuko kapena mosiyana, mu masomphenya osasinthika, kununkhiza, kumva. Mwachitsanzo, mkokomo waukulu kwambiri, mitundu yowala imayambitsa mantha kapena nkhawa. Komanso anthuwa amakumana ndi mavuto ndi matupi awo, samadziyendetsa bwino mumlengalenga, samagwirizana nthawi zonse momwe angayandikire kwa ena. Komanso, nthawi zambiri anthu omwe salola kukhudza, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autistic amatha kupweteka kwenikweni.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza?
Matendawa amapezeka kuti ali mwana ndipo munthuyo amakakamizika kukhala nawo moyo wake wonse. Nthawi zina pamene anthu akukula amachotsa zizindikiro zina, koma n'zosatheka kuchiza matenda. Mankhwala omwe angathe "kuchiritsa" kuti asakhalenso alipo. N'zotheka kokha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda mankhwala zomwe sizingachiritse, koma zidzatha kuthandiza munthu mu boma lomwe liri pafupi kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu abwino. Njira izi zingamuthandize kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, komanso kumuthandiza kuti akhale ndi luso loyankhulana ndi luso. Njira zoterezi zikuphatikizapo: kuganizira zamaganizo-psychotherapy, ma physiotherapy zozizwitsa pofuna kukonza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, kuphunzira maphunziro a anthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo cha matenda ogonjetsa, monga nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo, neurosis, chikuchitiranso.