Aukuba nthawi zonse imakhala yobiriwira, masamba ake ndi ofewa, ndipo maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu gulu ndipo ali ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira. Pali zomera ku Korea, Japan, China ndi Himalaya. Ndizofala kwambiri kuganizira Aukuba Chijapani. About garden plants amakuba Japanese lero ndipo tidzakambirana.
Aukube anapatsidwa dzina lachiwiri "mtengo wa golidi", chifukwa chomeracho chikuwoneka chosazolowereka kuti ambiri omwe amapita ku East Asia ankasamalira kwambiri shrub. Anthu a ku Japan ankakonda kwambiri chomera ichi ndipo amayesa njira iliyonse yopezera kutumiza kunja kwa dziko. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za XVII zinali zotheka kubweretsa aukuba ku Ulaya. Chomeracho chinakula, chimakula, chinapereka zipatso zomwe zinali zopanda madzi. Aukuba ndi chomera cha dioecious. Anabweretsa chomera chomwecho chinali chachikazi ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mtengo wamwamuna, kuyera sikunagwire ntchito. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, Fortune wazitsamba amabweretsabe mchimuna, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo a aukuba ndipo anayamba kufalikira monga chophimba chokongoletsera.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba Japanese aucuba inawonekera ku Ulaya mmbuyo mu 1783. The aukuba imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi zipatso ndi mbewu. Chifukwa cha kubzala kwake kosavuta komanso kosavuta, zomerazo zimafalikira mwamsanga. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti azikongoletsa zipinda komanso malo odyera. Zopadera kwambiri ndi mitundu yokhala ndi masamba okongola, omwe amakhala ndi mawanga aang'ono kapena aakulu. Chitsanzo chotere pa masamba chimawoneka ngati thanthwe la golide kapena chidutswa cha soseji. Chifukwa cha kufanana kwake pakati pa anthu, chomera chimenechi chinatchedwanso "mtengo wa soseji" kapena "mtengo wa golidi".
Mitundu
Aukuba Himalayan ndi chomera chobiriwira, zitsamba zomwe zingakule kufika mamita 4 mu msinkhu. Kunyumba kwa Himalayan aukuba ndi Central Asia. Mitengo ya mitunduyi imakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, lanceolate kapena oblong-lanceolate, dentate kapena m'mphepete mwawo, zimachitika pamtunda wa mtundu wautali kapena wautali, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira. Maluwa am'maluwa ndi minda yaing'ono, mawonekedwe osadziwika. Maluwa osagonana, amphongo ndi akazi ali pa zitsanzo zosiyana.
Japanese kukuba ndi chomera chodabwitsa, chodabwitsa kwambiri, chakhala chikudziwika ndi anthu a ku Japan ndi China. Mitunduyi ikuwoneka ngati chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amakhala ndi masentimita 20, ndi kupingasa kwa masentimita 6. Masambawo amawala, sali otsika kapena amphumphu, ali ndi ndondomeko. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, komanso ndi mtundu wa motley - ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa omwe amachititsa kuwala kwa dzuŵa pa masamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu a mzindawo adalandira dzina "mtengo wa golidi". Chomera chimamera maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi ndevu za tsitsi, amakhala ndi lalanje kapena wofiira. Maluwa ndi agonana amodzimodzi, osowa ndi oimba anayi. Ovary kawirikawiri amakhala wosakwatira, limodzi ndi ovate, ndifupikitsa mzere wandiweyani ndi oblique manyazi. Mitengoyi ndi ya lalanje kapena yofiira, yokhala ndi khola lopangidwa kuchokera ku kapu ya chikho. Mbeu, monga lamulo, ili pampando wa endosperm ndi kachilombo kakang'ono.
Kusamalira mbewu
Aukuba - zomera zimakhala zopanda ulemu, zololedwa bwino komanso ozizira ndi malo ofunda chipinda. Ambiri a aukuba amakonda penumbra, koma amakula bwino mu zipinda zabwino. Mthunzi umatulutsidwa mwakachetechete ku mitundu ndi masamba obiriwira amodzi. Kuti masamba a variegated asunge mtundu wawo, ayenera kupereka kuwala kosavuta.
Kuti mukhale ndi chitukuko chabwino cha aukuba muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha pang'ono. M'chilimwe, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha sikukwera madigiri 20, mwinamwake chomeracho chidzasiya masamba ndikukula. Panthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chikhoza kutengedwera kumalo kapena kumunda, koma nkofunika kuteteza kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula ndi mphepo. Pakatikati ya autumn, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika madigiri 14, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumafunika kusiyana ndi madigiri 8 mpaka 14, koma osati pansi pa madigiri 5. Apo ayi, zomera zidzayamba kutaya masamba. Ngati sizingatheke kupereka zinthu zoterezi ndi aukuba zimasungidwa mu malo amodzi, ndiye chomeracho chimafuna kuyatsa bwino komanso kupopera mankhwala.
M'chilimwe, aucoup ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka, koma onetsetsani kuti nthaka pamwamba ndi yowuma pang'ono. M'nyengo yophukira ndi yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa moyenera, icho chimalekerera pang'ono kuyanika kwa nthaka, ndipo kuchokera ku mphamvu zowononga mdima wakuda pa masamba angawonekere.
Aukuba kawirikawiri amatanthawuza mpweya wouma, makamaka zomera zakale, kotero kuti ukhoza kuzitaya pazomwe mukufuna, ndipo mu kupopera mbewu kwa autumn ndi yozizira ndiloyenera. Ngati chomeracho chikukula pa kutentha kwa madigiri 6-12, kenaka pirani mosamala, kapena musatope, monga nkhungu ingapangidwe.
Pakati pa masika mpaka autumn - ino ndi nthawi ya kukula, - nyumba zogwirira ntchito zimayenera kukhala ndi umuna ndi zokometsetsa zam'madzi ndi zamchere, ndikuzisintha.
Mu kasupe, muyenera kuyendetsa ndi kuyika nsonga za mphukira kuti mupange korona. Kuwombera komwe kumatsalira pambuyo kudulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa monga cuttings.
Kulima aukubu kutengedwa kumapeto kwa chaka, pamene zomera zachinyamata zimafunika kuziyika chaka chilichonse, komanso akuluakulu kamodzi kamodzi mu zaka 2-3, kapena ngati mizu yozungulira ya nthaka yonse. Mizu ya aukuba ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yowopsya, choncho ndondomeko ya kufesa imayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Zidzakhala bwino kwa mbewuyo, ngati siidapwidwe, koma kudutsa, kusunga mtanda wa dothi, kulowa mu mphika waukulu. Miphika chifukwa cha aucakura ayenera kusankhidwa mokwanira ndi omasuka.
Nthaka yoyenera kwambiri ya aukuba ndizoyanjana ndi peat, tsamba, clayey-sod ndi mchenga kapena peat, humus, masamba, turf ndi mchenga. Ma hydroponics okonzedwa bwino.
Kusamala
Chitsamba chakupha chausubus! Ziwalo zake zonse zingayambitse matumbo ndi m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba ndi magazi mu mkodzo. Samalani pamene mukulankhulana ndi chomera!