Si chinsinsi kuti zizoloŵezi zoipa, monga mowa, chikonga, mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhudza mwanayo. Kusokoneza khalidwe loipa la ana amtsogolo kumayamba ngakhale pamene ali ndi pakati. Zotsatira za zizoloŵezi zoipa zimayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi ya mimba. Chida ichi cha placenta, kutuluka m'magazi, kutsekemera kwa chikhodzodzo - izi nthawi zonse zimabweretsa kusokonekera kapena kubadwa msanga.
Kodi kusuta kumakhudza bwanji mwanayo?
Malingana ndi chiwerengero, akazi osuta fodya amakhala ovuta kupita padera kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wakufa kusiyana ndi osasuta. Nicotine imalowa mosavuta m'chigwa, chomwe chingayambitse chitukuko cha "matenda a fodya" m'mimba. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kusuta tsiku ndi tsiku kumalepheretsa kusuntha kwa mimba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuswa koyenera kwa thupi la fetal.
Nicotine ikhoza kuyambitsa mitsempha ya chiberekero, yomwe imapereka malo a mwana ndi fetus yokha ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Chotsatira chake, mwazi womwe umakhala mu placenta umasweka, kusadziwika kosalala kumakula, mwana wosabadwayo salandira oxygen yokwanira ndi zakudya. Kawirikawiri amayi omwe amasuta akazi, makanda amabadwa ndi zizindikiro zozizwitsa (intrauterine kukula retardation).
Kuwonjezera apo, zatsimikiziridwa kuti chikonga chimakhudza chitukuko cha ana (maganizo ndi thupi). Mwanayo nthawi zambiri amadwala, ali ndi kulemera kochepa, sakhala ndi maganizo olakwika. Amayi ambiri osuta fodya amatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana, kulowa m'matumbo. Ana oterewa nthawi zambiri amadwala ndi chibayo, bronchitis, mphumu m'chaka choyamba cha moyo kusiyana ndi ana osasuta amayi.
Hormone yosuta imakhala yoperewera m'matenda a endocrine, omwe amalipiritsidwa ndi dongosolo la endocrine la fetus. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a mafupa amachepetsanso m'mimba, ndipo mapuloteni amaphatikizidwa. Kusamvana kwa makolo pakati pa makolo ndi ana awo ndilo kulandira.
Zimakhudzanso kusuta fodya mumayi ndi fetus (khalani ndi mimba m'chipinda chosuta). Izi zingayambitse mpweya wa fetal, ngakhale pang'ono.
Kodi mbeuyi imakhudza bwanji mowa?
Chikoka chachikulu pa ana chimapangidwa ndi chizoloŵezi choyipa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mowa.
Mowa mwamsanga mowa umalowa m'kati mwa chiberekero mpaka kamwana, komwe kumawononga kwambiri thupi lake. Mowa umalowa kudzera m'zitsulo zam'manja zomwe zimayendetsa maselo a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa kusamitsa kwawo. Zotsatira zake, zida zamtunduwu (mawonekedwe a maselo a kugonana) zawonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa ana kubadwa ndi zofooka zosiyanasiyana. Mphamvu za ana a mowa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa amayi, kubereka msanga, kubereka. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kukula kwa ubongo ndi thupi kwa ana kumasokonezeka, ndipo izi ndizochitika zachizoloŵezi. Komanso, zotsatira za mowa zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa ana a mitsempha ya ubongo, ubongo, chiwindi, mapuloteni a endocrine. Chotsatira chake, kuwonongeka kwa fetus kochulukira kumayamba, nthawi zina ngakhale kusagwirizana ndi moyo. Kuchokera ku zotsatira za mowa, choyamba, mwana wakhanda amachokera ku ubongo, ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Ana ambiri omwe amachokera kwa amayi akumwa amakhala ndi zofooka za craniofacial. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (microcephaly), mphuno yamtundu, mphutsi, maso ochepetsetsa maso, mphuno yamphongo yochepa, kamwa yaikulu, ndi nsagwada yosasinthika. Zizindikiro izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi ziphuphu za ziwalo zoberekera, mawonekedwe osasinthasintha a m'mawere, kuluma kolakwika kwa mano,
Kodi zotsatirazi zimakhudza bwanji zotsatira za mankhwala?
Ana omwe amachokera kwa makolo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Izi zingakhale zovuta kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi chiwindi, m'mimba, kupuma, mtima. Matenda ambiri a ziwalo za ana, makamaka miyendo, awonetsedwa. Mwanayo amasokonezeka ndi zochita za ubongo, ndipo zotsatira zake, psychosis, kulephera kukumbukira, matenda a dementia osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero, zimawoneka. Ana obadwa kumene omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri amafuula, salola kuti phokoso liwoneke, kuwala kumakhala kosavuta.