Lero tikulankhula nawe za batik. Kujambula pa nsalu: batik, teknoloji, - mudzadziŵa zinthu izi mutatha kuwerenga nkhani yathu. Tili otsimikiza kuti mudzakhala ndi chikhumbo chochita ntchito yochititsa chidwi iyi. Choncho, batik kapena luso la kulenga kukongola.
Mphamvu zachilengedwe ndi chikondi cha kukongola, chilakolako cha kukongola, nthawizonse zakhala zobadwa mwa munthu. Zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo, batik yodziwika inabadwa. Njira imeneyi inali kudziwika ku Sumer, ku Peru, m'mayiko a ku Africa, ku Sri Lanka, Japan, India, China. Masiku ano, gwero la batik - kujambula pa minofu ndi chilumba cha Java cha Indonesia.
Batik, potembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chiyankhulo cha Chijava amatanthauza kukoka phula yotentha, "ba" - nsalu ya thonje, "tik" - dontho, dontho. Ambatik - kukoka, kupweteka. Njira ya batik imadalira kuti sera, galavu guluu, kapena ma resin ndi varnishes amasunga mbali zosiyana za nsalu. Valani nsalu, musadutse utoto. Koma tsopano nsalu yotchedwa batik imatchedwa njira zonse zodziwika zojambula nsalu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu a ku Ulaya omwe ali ndi mawu awa ndi mtundu wa luso la kukongoletsera, adayambitsidwa ndi a Dutch.
Mitundu ya njira zojambula zojambula
Batik yotentha - mapulogalamu ochuluka a nsalu (mwachizolowezi chothonje), kumene malo omwe amapangidwa ndi sera. Zithunzi zikuyimba. Ndi chikho cha mkuwa chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi nsungwi kapena chipika. Kusintha kumachitika ndi mizere yopapatiza ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono, kupanga zovuta zowonongeka, pambuyo pake nsalu zadothi zagogo ndi zofiirira.
Kujambula kosaoneka bwino ndi kofala ku India kumatchedwa dzina bandhay, kutanthauza - tyvyazhi, banga. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito njirayi, mabwalo amapezeka pamatenda osiyanasiyana. Njira yopangira nsalu - shibori - imapanga mabala. Ndipo kuti apange marble, nsaluyo ikuphwanyidwa ndipo imamangirizidwa ndi zofufuzira. Kupukuta kwa nsalu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata njira yowunjika ndi kukulunga kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri.
Palinso mtundu wa buluu ndi woyera wa silika wochokera ku China. Chithunzi chojambula chapamwamba cha Japan chakujambula pa silika.
M'zaka za zana la 20, njira zojambula nsalu zopangidwa ndi manja ku Ulaya zinali zafala, koma popeza zinali zophweka kuberekana njira zamakono ndi sera yotentha, mtundu wina wojambula nsalu unalengedwa: njira yozizira ya batik. Tiyeni tiganizire izi mwatsatanetsatane.
Batik yozizira imakupatsani mwayi wochuluka wozindikira malingaliro anu opanga. Kuwonjezera apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto kwa silika: mchere, chikopa, chiffon, satin, fular, excelsior, jacquard, silika wakutchire, crepe-georgette, ndi zina. Pankhaniyi, malo osungirako ndizopadera zomwe zingakonzedwe mwaulere, koma muzojambula Malo ogulitsira angagulidwe ndi malo okonzeka kupanga, omwe ndi obiriwira a rubberized mass. Muyenera kugula wochepa thupi, omwe mudzabweretsere kusungirako koyenera malinga ndi mtundu wa nsalu (kuchepetseratu silika, chiwerengero chofunika kwambiri chidzafunidwa). Malo ozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kapu ya galasi yokhala ndi galimoto, burashi, kapena kusungira mu chubu ndi mphalaswe.
Kujambula nsalu ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osakanizidwa ndi madzi, tsopano akuwonekera mosiyanasiyana. Samalani momwe zimakhazikidwira. Kwa oyamba kumene, njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta yokonza chitsulo. Zidzakhala ndi maburashi angapo, 8 mpaka 18 mu kukula, m'malo osiyanasiyana a minofu. Ndikofunikira ubwino wa maburashi, osati nambala yawo, yabwino kwambiri ya marten ndi agologolo. Mafelemu a matabwa ndi mabatani amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nsalu, zitsulo za kusakaniza pepala, zotengera zotsuka maburashi, cotton swabs, foam sponge. Pulverizer ya kusindikiza chithunzi. Batik - chithunzi chokongola ndi chokongola, chomwe chimakupangitsani kuti muzizungulira ndi zodabwitsa zopangidwa ndi manja. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala, kufotokoza ndi kumasulidwa, kupyolera mwa kutengeka kwa chikumbumtima. Kujambula mopanda kuopa kulakwitsa. Nsalu ya pepala, idzakhazikitsa njira zabwino komanso zowoneka bwino, zipangizo zokhazokha ndi zokongoletsera. Molimba mtima ndipo popanda kukangana, ayambe luso lodabwitsa ili. Dziko lanu lidzakhala lowala, lofewa, lokongola kwambiri ...