Zolemba zakale
Ndipotu, anthu amadziwika kwa zaka zoposa 3000! M'chinenero cha Amwenye a ku Mexico, mawu akuti "chokoleti" amachokera ku kuphatikiza mawu a choco ("mvula") ndi atl ("madzi"). Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu adadziwa ngati zakumwa. Mu chitukuko cha Mayan, ndipo pambuyo pake mu Aztec, chokoleti ankawoneka kukhala opatulika, kupereka nzeru ndi mphamvu. Amwenye ankamwa madzi ochokera ku nyemba za kakawa ndi tsabola wofiira ndi zina zonunkhira. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1600, Christopher Columbus, pamodzi ndi "chuma" china chinabweretsa nyemba zodabwitsa kwa Mfumu Ferdinand. Pambuyo pa zaka 100, chokoleti ku Ulaya chinagonjetsedwa ndi mwapadera. Kwa nthawi yayitali anakhalabe "okwera mtengo" okha kwa oimira anthu apamwamba. Chokoleti chinayamba kupezeka mosavuta kokha ndi chitukuko cha makampani. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mkaka, zonunkhira, zotsekemera, vinyo komanso mowa zinayamba kuwonjezeredwa. Mu 1674 analigwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi - tsopano ndizotheka kuti musamwe chokoleti, komanso kudya. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1900 panali chokoleti choyamba ndi maswiti ndi zodzaza, zomwe zimadziwika bwino nthawi yathu. Chokoleti lero ndi zokondweretsa kwambiri pa dziko lapansi. Chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi amadyetsedwa matani 600,000. A French adakhazikitsa Tsiku la Chokoleti (July 11). Ndipo amisiri ambiri otchuka a ku Switzerland, a ku France ndi a ku Belgium.
Kodi palibe?
Mtengo wa kakale m'Chilatini umatchedwa koti ya Theobroma, yomwe imamasuliridwa kuti "kakale - chakudya cha milungu." N'zovuta kusagwirizana ndi mawu awa. Mafuta ndi shuga, omwe ali ndi chokoleti, ndiwo magetsi amphamvu. Potaziyamu ndi magnesium ndizofunikira kwa dongosolo lamanjenje. "Hormone of Happiness" serotonin imapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi nkhawa komanso amatsutsidwa ndi vivacity. Chifukwa cha caffeine ndi theobromine, chokoleti chimayambitsa ubongo ndi kukumbukira, kumawonjezera chidwi ndi kukana kupanikizika. Flavonoids ya chokoleti yopindulitsa pa mtima: imathandiza magazi kuyenda, imalimbitsa mtima wa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Ndipo ndizovuta bwanji! Ndipo ngakhale potsutsana za asayansi za chokoleti "chifukwa" choposa zonse "motsutsa", ambiri amakhalabe ndi tsankho. Tiyeni tiyesere kukonza nthano zodziwika bwino.
Chokoleti ili ndi caffeine zambiri
Ndipotu kapu ya khofi ili ndi 180 mg ya khofi, ndipo mu chokoleti chonse - 30 mg okha. Chokoleti ndi choipa kwa mano. Pa maswiti ena onse, chokoleti ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Zophatikizidwa mu chokoleti cha mafuta a chokoleti amachititsa mano ndi film yoteteza komanso amawateteza ku chiwonongeko. Chokoleti ndi mankhwala. Inde, theobromine mu chokoleti ikhoza kuyambitsa kudalira, koma pa izi muyenera kudya 0,5 kg ya chokoleti patsiku. Chokoleti chosafunika (zomwe zimakumbukira kusuta chamba) zingayambitse zotsatira zokha pokhapokha mutadya chokoleti cha 55 chokoleti. Chifukwa chake, palibe funso la kudalira thupi, ndipo maganizo m'maganizo mwathu ayamba kusamalidwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo. Chokoleti amapeza mafuta. Mu tile ya chokoleti pafupifupi 500 kcal. Ma caloric ndi chokoleti choyera, chokhala ndi 40% ya batala. Kachiwiri - mkaka. Koma chokoleti chakuda chimatha kuphatikizidwa ku zakudya zabwino. Chinthu chachikulu - musadutse chiwerengero chonse cha caloric, kotero kuti mavitamini othamanga sakuchotsedwa "m'malo." Madokotala amalangiza kuchepetsa kapena kusasakaniza chokoleti kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a shuga kapena shuga. Komanso, sikuvomerezeka kudya chokoleti chakuda kwa ana aang'ono ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri.
Kusankha khalidwe
Kodi chokoleti cha mtundu wanji ndi chenicheni? Chokoleti chachilengedwe chimakhala ndi zigawo zinayi zokha: cocoa batala, mafuta a kakao (nyemba ya cocoa nyemba mafuta), shuga wofiira ndi lecithin. Zowonjezera kwambiri mu zokongoletsera za koko, chokoleti "chakuda". Chowawacho chili ndi kaka 50%, yakuda - pafupifupi 40%, ndipo yoyera siiri konse. Zakudya zakuthupi zachilengedwe zingathe kuwonjezeredwa pazimene zimapangidwa: mkaka, mtedza, vanila, zoumba, zophika kokonati, etc. Ngati mumapeza mafuta a hydrogenated kapena mafuta a masamba (palm, soya, thonje) pamalopo, ndiye kuti muli ndi "tile lokoma" osati chokoleti. Kuti muwone kupezeka kwa majeremusi, ikani chokoleti chaching'ono pa lilime - ngati mutasungunuka mwamsanga, ndiye munali ndi mwayi. Chowonadi n'chakuti chokoleticho chimasungunuka kale kutentha kwa 32 ° C, ndi kusungunula hydrogel, nthawizina kutentha kwa thupi. Monga gawo la chokoletiyi sayenera kukhala ufa wa kakale, womwe umakonzedwa kuchokera ku keke, umasiyidwa pambuyo poika mafuta ku nyemba. Kukhalapo kwa mankhwala a soy kumatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi kuwala ndi matt (m'malo mowala). Chokoleti yamasowa imamveka ndi mawu osamva ndipo amamatira mano, koma kwenikweni imakhala youma komanso yopanda. Ngati chokoleticho chiri ndi chobvala choyera, ndiye kuti akhoza kulankhula za yosungirako zosayenera. Ndipo mbali ina, kuvala koteroko ndiko kutsimikizira kuti chilengedwecho ndi chilengedwe. Ndipotu, kutentha, batala woyera kumatuluka pamwamba ndikupanga chofunda. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maonekedwe a kukoma ndi chokoleti samasintha. Ndizovuta kwambiri ngati chokoleti ili ndi "shuga chisanu". Chokoleti ikasokoneza kapena kusokoneza madzi, musamayembekezere zabwino zilizonse kuchokera ku zokoma - mudzapeza nthanga za shuga pa mano anu ndi ululu woonekeratu. Choncho, musasunge chokoleti mu firiji. Ndipo
Moyo Wokoma
Mwinamwake palibe munthu padziko lapansi amene angakhale wopanda chidwi ndi chokoleti. Timapatsa chokoleti kwa anthu pafupi ndi ife, timagula pamene tikufuna "zokoma", timasankha tchuthiyi ndi maholide komanso masabata. Koma kuti chisangalalo chinali chachikulu, ndipo kukoma kwa chokoleti sikudakhumudwitse, ndikofunikira kusankha chokoleti chapamwamba kwambiri. Nawa malangizowo. Werengani malembawo pa phukusi. Mu chokoleti chapamwamba chokoleti ayenera kukhala ndi mafuta a koco, osati kanjedza, thonje, soya ndi ena. Chokoleti chokhacho chimasungunuka m'kamwa, monga mafuta a kowa amasungunuka pa kutentha kwa madigiri + 32. Sankhani chokoleti pokhapokha kuchokera ku zatsopano. Amachokera ku nyemba zatsopano za koko, zomwe zimapatsa chokoleti fungo labwino komanso lokoma. Nyemba za kakao zimasandulika matabwa opangidwa mokonzekera mu fakitale imodzi m'maola 48 okha. Motero, chokoleti imakhala ndi zinthu zonse zothandiza. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - musachite mantha kuyesa. Sungunulani chokoleticho, tsitsani kapu - ndipo mtima wa wokondedwa wanu "umasungunuka." Tembenuzirani mu khungu kakang'ono - ndipo kukoma kwa mchere wanu kudzadziwulula mwa njira yatsopano. Gwirani mwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuwachitira ena - ndipo mulole aliyense akhale ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Musaiwale kudzikondweretsa nokha ndi achibale anu nthawi zambiri ndi maswiti osiyana: chokoleti, mikate, bisakiti, ayisikilimu. Ndi zokoma kwambiri!
Dessert "Chokoleti Cholota"
Zosakaniza:
100 g ya chokoleti chowawa, 50 ml mkaka, mazira 3, 90 g shuga, 25 g wa mafuta, 40 g ufa, 1 lalanje peel, 200 g ya kudzazidwa
Njira yokonzekera:
Kumenya mazira ndi shuga. Kenaka sungunulani chokoleticho ndi kuphatikiza ndi batala. Dulani mosakaniza mankhwala osakaniza chokoleti mu mazira omenyedwa, kuwonjezera mkaka ndi ufa pamenepo. Onetsetsani mpaka kusakaniza ndi yunifolomu. Mphunguwu umatsanulira mu nkhungu yaying'ono popanda kuvala ndodo. Ikani mawonekedwe mu uvuni wabwino wa mphindi zisanu. Mcherewu uyenera kuundana panja, koma khala wofewa mkati. Fukani peel orange pamwamba. Kutumikira pa tebulo ndi awiri ayisikilimu mipira.