Kenaka m'dera la nkhono, pamwamba pa chifuwa kuchokera kunja, mukhoza kumva mpira kapena chidindo. Ichi ndi fibroadenoma (chida choyipa cha mitsempha yambiri). Kuwonekera kwake ndi chitukukocho zimayambitsidwa ndi estrogens, omwe msinkhu wa msinkhu uwu uli wapamwamba. Fibroadenoma imasiyanitsidwa mosiyana ndi minofu yozungulira ndipo sizimayambitsa zowawa. Matenda a fibroadenoma okha amatha kutsogolera maonekedwe a chifuwa. Ndi zala zanu mumamva ngati mukuzungulira. Kukula kwake kumasiyana ndi mtola ndi mtedza, koma nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake sikudutsa 1-3 masentimita. Fibroadenoma ikhoza kuoneka m'mimba imodzi ya mammary (kumtunda kwake) kapena zonsezi. Nthawi zina m'matumbo amodzi muli mapuloteni ambiri. Kawirikawiri siziwopsyeza, koma muyenera kuyendera dokotala nthawi zonse. Ultrasound ndi phunziro lokhwima pa msinkhu uwu. Amalola dokotala kufufuza zitsulo za mammary za wodwalayo. Ultrasound ndi yopweteka, simusowa kukonzekera. Ndi bwino kuchigwiritsa ntchito mu theka loyamba la kusamba, pamene bere silikula. Matenda a m'mawere azimayi, zizindikiro - nkhani ya mutuwo.
Panthawi ya ultrasound, uyenera kunama kumbuyo kwako ndikuyika dzanja lako pansi pa mutu wako. Pachikhalidwe ichi, chifuwa chimakhala chophweka, ndipo dokotala akhoza kuphunzira chirichonse bwinobwino. Adzawaza mawere ndi gel osintha mafunde akupanga. Kenaka ipitiliza kudutsa m'deralo pofufuzira chithunzithunzi chogwirizanitsidwa ndi kompyuta. Chifaniziro cha minofu ya mammary imawonekera pazowunikira. Pakati pa kafukufukuyo, dokotala angayang'anenso mazira a mkaka. Choncho, ultrasound ikulimbikitsidwa, choyamba, kwa atsikana. Zimasonyeza kusintha kwa m'mawere (ngakhale mamita ochepa mu kukula). Kugwiritsira ntchito ultrasound, n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa fibroadenoma ndi mtundu wina wa chotupa. Ngati mpirawo ndi waung'ono ndipo sukupweteka, ndizotheka kuwona chifuwa chanu ndi zala zanu mwezi uliwonse. Zaka zingapo chaka chimodzi muyenera kusonyeza mammalog. Ngati kukula kwa fibroadenoma kudutsa 3 masentimita, mosakayikira kumadodometsa ntchito yoyenera ya mazira a mkaka. Pali chiopsezo kuti mtsogolomu izo zingayambitse mayendedwe. Choncho, dokotala angasankhe kuchotsa. Mwamwayi, kuchotsedwa kwake sikukutanthauza kuti sikudzawonekera. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa bere nthawi ndi mwezi.
Kusamala
Pakapakati pa zaka 30 ndi 40, thupi lachikazi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ziwombankhanga. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika pamene ovariya amabereka estrogen kwambiri poyerekeza ndi progesterone. Zamoyo zimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni ndi kukula kwa maselo a mammary glands. Kenaka mukhoza kumverera m'chifuwa chimodzi kapena zowonjezera zisindikizo, pellets kapena zotupa zazing'ono. Kusintha koteroku kumatchedwa kusamala (kapena dysplasia). Zikhoza kuoneka mu gawo lina kapena onse m'chifuwa, chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri. Mawere ndi mitsempha yamaso imamva ngati thumba la nandolo. Monga lamulo, sizimayambitsa zowawa, koma nthawi zina ululu umadetsa nkhaŵa masiku angapo mwezi usanayambe, pamene chifuwa chimakula ndipo chimakhala chovuta. Maganizo osasangalatsa amapezeka panthawi yomwe amayamba kusamba.
Zopatsa chidwi
Sakusowa kuchiritsidwa, koma muyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse. Nkhumba zimatha kukhala ndi minofu yowonjezera. Dokotala amapereka ultrasound ndi kuyerekezera mlingo wa mahomoni opangidwa ndi mazira ochulukitsa, mafinya ndi chithokomiro pazigawo zosiyana siyana. Ngati kusanthula kukuwonetseratu zolakwika m'thupi la mahomoni kuchokera kuchizoloŵezi, adokotala adzasankha mankhwala oyenera. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mahomoni amatha. Izi zingatenge miyezi ingapo, ndipo nthawi zina zingapo. Mudzapatsidwa makonzedwe a mahomoni opangira ma oral kapena breast gel okhala ndi progesterone. Kuthetsa ululu mu chifuwa kungakuthandizeni kupanikizira, mwachitsanzo, thaulo lodzaza madzi ozizira. Gulu lothandizira lidzakuthandizanso kuchepa. Pamene kusamala ndi kofunika kwambiri, ndi moyo wotani umene timayambitsa, makamaka kudya kwathu. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kumwa kwa mafuta a nyama, mchere, khofi, chokoleti, zakumwa zakumwa zotsekemera - izi zimagwiritsira ntchito madzi m'thupi ndikuwonjezera zowawa. Koma mukhoza kudalira masamba, zipatso, nyemba ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mafuta okwana omega-3. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, nodezi zimatha kuthetsa, koma pali mwayi waukulu kuti iwo adzawonekeranso, motero ndi bwino kupanga ultrasound miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kumene khansa imawombera nthawi zambiri
- 70% - chotupa chomwe chimapezeka kumtunda wakumtunda (chomwe chimatchedwa quadrant) cha bere (pafupi ndi phewa), nthawi zambiri chimakhala choipitsa.
- 15% - chiwerengero chochepa cha ziphuphu zomwe zimapezeka m'munsi mwa quadrant ndi khansa.
- 10% - gawo lililonse la magawo khumi, lomwe likuwonekera m'mwamba mkati mwa chifuwa, limafuna chithandizo cha khansa.
- 5% - mkatikatikati mwa quadrant - iyi ndi malo otetezeka kwambiri, omwe ali ndi zotupa za khansa.
Zimaoneka
Pambuyo pa makumi anayi, minofu yomwe imapezeka m'mimba imayambira pang'onopang'ono, koma msinkhu wa mahomoni ogonana, estrogens ndi progesterone, ukhoza kukhala osiyana thupi. Mu chifuwa amatha kuwonekera cysts. Izi ndi mipira yofewa yozungulira yomwe ikufanana ndikumveka ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mafakitale ndi zotanuka pamene akakamizidwa. Mapuloteni ali osiyana siyana: nthawi zambiri pali imodzi, koma nthawi zina pali ziphuphu zingapo m'mimba imodzi. Amayambitsa ululu ngati akulimbikitsana pamapeto. Ululu wa nkhaniyi umapereka chidziwitso.
Khungu lalikulu komanso lopweteka.
Mungathe kuchotsa izo mwa kuboola ndi kuchotsa madzi ndi sitiroko. Njira imeneyi imabweretsa mpumulo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono malowa amatsimikiza. Mankhwalawa amapezeka pamphepete mwachangu ayenera kufufuzidwa chifukwa cha kukhala ndi maselo a khansa, koma chiopsezo cha matendawa n'chochepa. Njira yopambana ndiyo kuchotsa opaleshoni ya mphutsi. Kawirikawiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khungu likuwonekera mobwerezabwereza m'kanthawi kochepa. Nkhumba zimapezeka mumayi othawa, ngati mkaka umapita molakwika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa umodzi wa mkaka wa mkaka. Mwanayo akhoza kutaya mkaka wa mkaka ndi kubwezeretsa chizolowezi cha njirayi, ndiye mfundoyo idzachoka. Koma ngati chiguduli chikuwombera, padzakhala kuyeretsa, komwe kudzayenera kuchitiridwa ndi dokotala.
Uzi ndi mammography
Ngati dokotala atalankhula chingwe, amatha kunena za ultrasound ndi mammogram. Mammography ndi njira ya x-ray yofufuzira mazira a mammary. Amayi onse pambuyo pa 40 ayenera kukhala ndi mammogram zaka ziwiri. Ndondomekoyi imachitika mu theka lakumapeto kwa msambo, pamene palibe zopweteka mu chifuwa. Dokotala amaika mbuzi iliyonse pambali pa mbale yapadera ndikukankhira pang'ono pamwamba pa mbale ina. Choncho chifuwa chimakhala chosasangalatsa, ndipo mazira amayenda bwino kudzera minofu yambiri. Dokotala amatenga chithunzi. Kenaka amaika mbale pamalo otsika ndikujambula chithunzi. Ndikofunika kuti musaphonye mbali iliyonse ya gland. Ndiye radiologist imatulutsa zithunzi ndipo imapereka yankho lake.
Ikhoza kukhala calcification
Mavairasi amapanga zocheperapo estrogen, ndipo izi, mwa zina, zimakhudza maonekedwe a chifuwa. Mitundu yambiriyi imasungunuka. Tsopano chifuwacho chimakhala ndi minofu yambiri, choncho imakhala yowongoka komanso yopusa. Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa thupi, kuchepa pang'ono kwa calcium (ma calcifications) kumawonekera pachifuwa. Kawirikawiri amadziwika panthawi ya mphamvu yolamulira. Pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzichita chaka chilichonse.
Mitundu iwiri ya ndalama
Zomwe zikhoza kukhala za mitundu iwiri. Mankhwala akuluakulu a calcium, omwe amaoneka ngati mawanga oyera, amatchedwa macrocalcifications. Ngati ndalamazo zili ngati mfundo yoyera, ndiye kuti microcalcification. Ngakhalenso zimayambitsidwa ndi calcium yomwe imapezeka mu chakudya kapena kutsukidwa kunja kwa mafupa. Zolemba zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilengedwe cha ukalamba ndikuwoneka mwa amayi ambiri pambuyo pa 50. Sizoopsa. Zokwanira zazing'ono zingakhalenso zopanda phindu, koma ngati mammogram akuwonetsa masango akuluakulu m'deralo, ndiye kuti kuyang'ana kwachipatala nthawi zonse n'kofunika, chifukwa akhoza kusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu.
Matenda a chifuwa
Izi ndi phunziro lapadera lomwe dokotala amapereka. Pali mitundu yambiri ya biopsies, koma ndi microcalcifications, wandiweyani-singano biopsy ndi yabwino. Iye ali mu chipatala. Pambuyo pa anesthesia, singano yayitali imalowetsedwa kumalo oyesera a m'mawere, ndipo dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito sitiroko kuti akolole minofu yambiri. Kenaka kufufuza kwake mwachinsinsi kwa minofu mu microscope kumapangidwira kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa. Ngati mutapeza zofunikira za minofu ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi singano, adokotala amapita ku malo otchedwa vacuum biopsy. Zikuwoneka ngati singano lakuda, koma mapulogalamu atatu ndi zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa gawo la calcium deposition. Izi zimakhala zopanda pake. Ngati mungazindikire khansa, mutha kuzindikira pomwepo. Izi zimachepetsa kuyambika kwa mankhwala ndipo zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke.