Maphunziro oopsa monga vuto la zachipatala komanso labwino

Oncology ndimadokotala omwe amagwira ntchito yophunzira ndi kuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo. Oncologist ikugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ena ochizira odwala ndi zotupa, poyesa kuwapatsa mwayi wabwino wopulumuka. Oncology imatanthawuza kugawidwa kwa mankhwala, komwe kumafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambira, zachirengedwe ndi chitukuko ndi njira zothandizira zotupa. Chotupa choopsa chimapezeka pamene kuyendetsa masoka a maselo ndi njira zowonongeka sizimayendetsedwa, chifukwa chakuti kukula ndi kukonzanso matenda kumachitika. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezereka kosalamulirika kwa chiwerengero cha maselo osadziwika omwe amakula kukhala matenda abwino ndikuwawononga. Chotupa chikhoza kuchitika m'mbali iliyonse ya thupi. Mitundu ina ya ma sooplasms nthawi zambiri imatsogolera ku imfa. Maphunziro oopsa, monga vuto lachipatala ndi zaumphawi - mutu wa nkhaniyi.

Zifukwa za zotupa zakupha

Matenda osokoneza bongo akhoza kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, ambiri a iwo amapezeka mwa anthu oposa zaka 50. Kawirikawiri, khansa ikuyamba pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zambiri motsogoleredwa ndi zachilengedwe, zakudya, khalidwe komanso cholowa. Zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a mimba sizimvetsetsa bwino, komabe zimadziwika kuti makhalidwe ena amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda ambiri a khansa. Mwachitsanzo, kusuta fodya, kudya bwino ndi kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ndi zoposa 60%.

Kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala

Kuyezetsa magazi ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo apulumuke. Kuwonjezera apo, kupita patsogolo kwamakono pozindikira njira za chitukuko chawo kwachepetsa kuchepa kwa anthu ndipo kumapereka chiyembekezo kuti chitukuko cha njira zabwino zothandizira zidzakhalire m'tsogolomu. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, matenda a khansa sankakhala ndi chiyembekezo chochepa chokhalira ndi moyo, popeza panalibe chidziwitso chokwanira cha momwe matendawa alili komanso momwe angagonjetsere. Masiku ano m'mayiko otukuka odwala onse opatsirana khansa amakhala ndi zaka zoposa zisanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pitirizani kulengeza. Chiwalo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya ziphuphu. Ziphuphu zambiri zowopsa zimachokera ku chimodzi mwa mitundu itatu yambiri ya minofu - epithelial, connective kapena hematopoietic.

• Katemera ndi chotupa choopsa chomwe chimachokera ku minofu yapakati (minofu yomwe imakhala pamwamba pa khungu ndi ziwalo zamkati - mwachitsanzo, mapapo, m'mimba ndi matumbo akulu). Matenda 90% mwa ziwalo zonse zoopsa ndi khansa.

• Sarcoma imachokera ku minofu yolumikizana, yomwe imaphatikizapo minofu, fupa, khunyu komanso mafuta. Sarcomas ndi ochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi khansa, zomwe zimawerengetsa 2% za zotupa zoipa.

• Khansa ya m'magazi imayamba kuchokera ku mitsempha yotchedwa hematopoietic, ndipo maselo am'mimba amayamba kuchokera ku mimba.

Kawirikawiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka ngati wodwala akuzindikira zizindikiro zosadziwika komanso amafunsa wodwalayo. Ataphunzira a anamnesis ndipo atayesa bwinobwino, dokotala amayesa zizindikirozo ndipo amatsogolera wodwalayo ku chipangizo cha oncology kuti apitirize kufufuza. Pofufuza za khansa, njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsira ntchito kuweruza kukhalapo kapena kusakhala ndi chotupa m'thupi.

Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Njira zosatha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziziyang'anila mkati mwa thupi;

• ma diagnostics;

• njira zoganizira (kompyuta ndi maginito maginito resonance).

Ngati chotupa chikupezeka, wa oncologist amalimbikitsa chiwombankhanga mwa kutenga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu, kenaka imafufuzidwa mu microscope kuti muone ngati chotupacho chiri choipa kapena choipa. Ngati chotupacho n'chosautsa, siteji ya chotupacho imatsimikiziridwa.

Njira zochiritsira

Oncology yamakono ili ndi njira zingapo zothandizira maopaleshoni owopsa. Kusankha kwawo kumadalira mtundu wa chotupa ndi siteji ya matenda. Njira zikuluzikulu zamankhwala zothandizirana ndi:

• Kupititsa opaleshoni - kuphatikizapo njira zamakono zopangira opaleshoni;

• Immunotherapy - njira zothandizira kuteteza thupi la thupi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma antibodies omwe amakhudza kwambiri maselo a khansa;

• mankhwala opanga mahomoni - kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni kuti amenyane ndi zotupa zowopsya;

• Kupatsirana kwa mankhwala - kugwiritsa ntchito maizoni a ioni kuti awononge chotupacho;

• Chemotherapy - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chithandizo chophatikizana

Pochiza khansa, nthawi zambiri pamafunika njira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni kapena radiotherapy yotsatira kusintha kwa chemotherapy). Pankhani yoyamba kutulukira chotupa ndi kusakhala kwa metastases, chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Mu mitundu ina ya zotupa, mwachitsanzo, khansa ya khola, khanda ndi khansara, njira zamakono zopangira opaleshoni (mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni ya laser) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zina, opaleshoni kapena mankhwala ena amachitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wa wodwalayo kapena kuthetsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, ngakhale izi sizikupatsani mpata wochira. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa palliative. Mosiyana ndi opaleshoni, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa akhoza kuwononga maselo ang'onoang'ono a kansa omwe afalikira kumatenda ozungulira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kwa okalamba kapena odwala ochepa, njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa kusiyana ndi opaleshoni.