Kupanga chitetezo ku ana. Gawo 2

Nthaŵi yoberekera imawonetsa nthawi yoyamba yovuta pakukula ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mwana. M'mwezi woyamba, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chidzatsitsidwa, koma mwinamwake mwanjira iliyonse. Pambuyo pake, kudutsa mumtsinje wobadwa, mwanayo amakumana ndi mabakiteriya atsopano kwa iye, ndipo kumalo akunja, kumene amayamba kubereka, sakudziwa tizilombo tizilombo mabiliyoni. Ndipo ngati chitetezo cholimba chikanakhala champhamvu ngati cha akuluakulu, mwanayo sakanakhoza kupirira momwe thupi limayankhira kwa "alendo." Pachifukwa ichi, njira zowonongeka mwachangu mu mwana wathanzi wathanzi zimakhudza pafupifupi 40-50% mwa msinkhu wa akulu, ndi kaphatikizidwe ka immunoglobulins - ndi 10-15%. Mwanayo amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizotheka kwambiri. Pa nthawiyi, amayi okha omwe ali ndi immunoglobulins omwe amalandira kudzera mu utero amamuthandiza kukana matenda enaake. Amateteza ziphuphu kuchokera ku matenda omwe mayi adakhala nawo kapena katemera (diphtheria, poliomyelitis, shuga, rubella, nkhuku). Komanso panthawiyi matumbo amayamba kukhala ndi mabakiteriya. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ma immunoglobulins mwana amalandira ndi kusakaniza kapena mkaka wa mayi. Kulowa m'kati mwa matumbo, izi zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono zisakwaneke ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, motero timateteza ku matenda ambiri ndi matenda. Koma zinyenyeswazi za m'mawere zimatetezedwa bwino. Ndipotu, pamodzi ndi mkaka, amapezanso ma antibodies kwa zomwe amayi anali nazo kale.

Popeza pakadali pano mwanayo ali pangozi yaikulu ya matenda, bwalo loyankhulana liyenera kukhala lokha kwa achibale apamtima - anthu omwe amakhala nawo. Kuchokera panyumba ya amayi omwe akuyamwitsa kupita kunyumba ndikulankhulana ndi makolo, mwanayo amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito microflora "kunyumba", ndipo amakhala wotetezeka kwa iye. Ngati alendo abwera kunyumba, afunseni kuti asambe m'manja ndi sopo ndi kuwawonetsa zinyenyeswazi kuchokera kutali.

Panthawi imeneyi nkofunikira, pambali imodzi, kuti tizisunga malamulo a ukhondo, ndipo pazifukwa zina - musati muthetsepo. Popanda kutero, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingathe kukhala ndi khungu komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo, wosabala mlengalenga sangakulolereni kumenyana ndi mabakiteriya ndikukulitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuti mukhale osasamala, zokwanira 2-3 pa sabata kukonza zowonongeka, kusungiramo mipando ndi nthawi zonse, musanayandikire mwana, sambani manja anu bwinobwino ndi sopo.

Chitetezo cha mthupi
Miyezi 3-6 - nthawi yachiwiri yovuta. Matenda a amayi amatha kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo miyezi 6 amachoka mthupi. Matendawa amayamba kulowa mu thupi la nyenyeswa ndipo zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, choncho thupi limayamba kukhala ndi immunoglobulin A, yomwe imayambitsa matendawa. Koma alibe "kukumbukira" kwa mavairasi, kotero katemera omwe amapangidwa nthawi imeneyi, makamaka pakapita nthawi, akubwerezedwa. Ndikofunika kuteteza kusamwitsa.

Kuwonjezera chitetezo kudzathandizanso njira zamadzi. Kuchokera pa miyezi itatu ya mwanayo pakapita madzi osambira pang'ono pamadzi pa kutentha kwa madigiri 35, kuthira madzi, kutentha kumene kuli madigiri angapo m'munsi. Mukhozanso kupukuta mitsuko modzichepetsa mutatha kusamba thupi, kuloledwa mumadzi kutentha kwa madigiri 32-34. Mu maminiti ochepa chabe, mukhoza kupukuta manja a mwanayo kuchokera kumapazi mpaka pamapewa ndi miyendo kuchokera kumapazi mpaka ku bondo, kenako pukutani. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mlungu uliwonse ndi pafupifupi digiri imodzi, mpaka ifike madigiri 28.

Zodabwitsa za ana
Zaka 2-3 - nthawi yachitatu yovuta, nthawi ya chitukuko chokhudzana ndi chitetezo chodziwika bwino. Othandizana ndi anthu akunja akukula kwambiri, ana ambiri amayamba kupita kumalo osungirako ana kapena sukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amadwala. Kawirikawiri nthawi iyi ya kusintha ikuchedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka. Chifukwa cha chimfine chobwerezabwereza chingakhale chopanikizika, kusakhutira kwa mwana kukachezera anale kapena munda. Koma simukuyenera kusiya sukulu. Ziphuphu zomwe sizipita kumunda kapena kumera, ndithudi, musadwale nthawi zambiri. Koma atangopita ku kalasi yoyamba, amayamba kudwala kwambiri. Anzawo "okonzeka" pa msinkhu uno ali ndi nthawi "yodziwa" ndi mavairasi ambiri kuti apeze chimfine kawirikawiri.

Kawirikawiri, m'badwo uwu, matenda a "mtundu wam'nyamata" amatenga nthawi yaitali ndikudutsa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi chitetezo chochepa. Ana achichepere amakumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timene timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa timadzi timene timayambitsa matenda a immunoglobulin A amalembedwa pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, chitetezo cha mthupi chimaphunzitsidwa mwakhama: poyang'anizana ndi "kunja" thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies, omwe m'tsogolomu amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda kapena kusalola kuti zichitike. Pofuna kupanga mawonekedwe, chitetezo chimapangitsa kuti 8-12 "maphunziro" oterewa pachaka.

Pazaka izi ndi bwino kuchita popanda kusamalitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ntchito yawo ingachepetse chitetezo cha mwanayo. Kuonjezera apo, ma immuntimtimulants ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zotsatira. Mavitamini oyenerera ndi kufufuza zinthu zakudya, kutsata ulamuliro wa tsikulo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi njira zodzikongoletsera zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri.

Komanso pa msinkhu uwu, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi anzathu, kukula kwa ma toni ndi ma lymph nodes kumatchulidwa. Izi zimagwirizanitsa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi mwachangu ndi mzere woyamba wa chitetezo pa matenda omwe angatulukire matenda osiyanasiyana. Akakhala ndi matenda, amakula ndi kutentha. Pafupi ndi nthawi ino, ambiri omwe amagwiranso ntchitoyi akugwa. Zimayesetsa kukhalabe ndi chitetezo, chomwe chinapangidwa pa nthawi yapitayi.

Pafupifupi wamkulu
Pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (nthawi yachinayi yovuta), magulu a immunoglobulins a m'kalasi M ndi G pafupi ndi msinkhu wamkulu, chiwerengero cha ma tymymycytes T ndi B chimakhala pafupi ndi chiwerengero cha munthu wamkulu. Immunoglobulin A akadakalibe. Chifukwa chaichi, matenda a pamtunda wakupumulira m'zaka zino angathe kukhala aakulu (matayiritis aakulu, aakulu laryngitis) kapena kawiri kawiri. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuwachiritsa mosamala. Komanso m'nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira, amalimbikitsidwa kupereka mwana multivitamins. Kuti mudziwe zoyenera (zomwe mungatenge komanso mayina a vitamini complexes), muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ana. Koma musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muyenera kudziwa momwe chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhudzira ndi zomwe zimayenera kulimbikitsidwa. Chidziwitso chenicheni cha izi chimaperekedwa ndi immunogram yopangidwa bwino. Koma ana ambiri amadwala nthawi zambiri ndipo amatha kupirira matenda. Kufunika kwa immunoglobulin E kumafika pamtunda, kotero nthawi zambiri zowonongeka zimakhudza.