Nkhaka mitundu ndi hybrids ndi otchuka osati mu kukula ndi mawonekedwe. Tsopano akatswiri ndi ochita masewera ali ndi kusankha kwakukulu, komwe kumawerengedwa osati makumi, koma ndi mazana a mitundu. Kodi muyenera kutsogoleredwa posankha zosiyanasiyana? Choyamba, kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyana siyana, muyenera kusankha zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri kudera lanu ndi nyengo. Ngati mumasankha zosiyanasiyana moyenera, ndiye kuti nkhaka idzakhala yosagonjetsa matenda, omwe amapezeka m'dera lanu, komanso nyengo. Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya saladi kuchokera ku mitundu yokopa. Dziwani kuti oyambirira mitundu imabereka mbewu mwamsanga, mochedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi yaitali fruiting. Kufunikanso ndi momwe nkhaka zimayambira mungu - ndi tizilombo kapena poyambitsa mungu.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mtundu wa ogrica? Kawirikawiri, mitundu ya nkhaka ingagawidwe mu zamzitini, saladi ndi chilengedwe chonse. Posankha zosiyanasiyana, muyenera kudziwa cholinga chomwe mukukula nkhaka, ndikusankha zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito cholinga chanu.
Zitsanzo zina za mitundu yambiri yamzitini ndi hybrids: Avant-garde, Asterix, Brigantine, Abwenzi enieni, Aquarius, Vyaznikovsky 37, Salting, Competitor, Mig, Odalirika, Spring, Favorit.
Zitsanzo zochepa za mitundu yobiriwira ya saladi ndi hybrids: Adam, Vladivostok 155, Parade, Rusty kumalo, Synthesis.
Zitsanzo zina za mitundu yonse yotchuka ndi zakunja: Sorkork, Blagodatny, Golubchik, Druzhina, Unity, Kit, Levin, Marinda, Pasamonte, Seversky, Nightingale, Ussuriyskiy 3, Photon, Epilogue.
Pa nthawi ya kucha ndi kusankhidwa, nkhaka ingagawidwe m'magulu:
1. Kutseka koyambirira - mitundu yomwe imakula pamtunda ndipo imayimba mofulumira - kuchokera ku mphukira kupita ku zipatso zoyamba zimatenga masiku 45. Nthaŵi zambiri ndi saladi nkhaka.
2. Kutsekemera pakati - mpaka kumbewu yoyamba-amadyera kumatenga masiku 50. Izi ndi nkhaka za mitundu ndi zamzitini mitundu.
3. Kutentha kwa masiku otsiriza - masiku opitirira 50. Izi ndizo nkhaka za mitundu yonse ya zamzitini.
Nkhaka zowirira kwambiri ndi nkhaka zoyambirira. Iwo amafesedwa bwino kuyambira pakati pa December mu chipinda, ataunikiridwa ndi nyali. Ndipo popanda kuyatsa - kuchokera pakati pa February. Wokoma kwambiri oyambirira kucha kucha nkhaka F1 hybrids: Taiga, Marathon, Manuel.
Mitundu yosiyana ndi yambiri ya magulu aliwonse amasiyana mofanana ndi "shati" yawo ndi maonekedwe ake malingana ndi kumene amitundu amachokera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Central Asia, nkhaka zosalala zimatchuka, kutalika kwake ndi 15-20 masentimita, mtundu ndi wobiriwira. China ndi Japan, nkhaka yaitali 60-80 cm mu kukula, zomwe zili ndi mizere yakuya ndi ma tubercles, ndi otchuka kwambiri. Ndipo kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, amasankha nkhaka zing'onozing'ono 7-10 masentimita ndi zing'onozing'ono zamphepete ndi ma tubercles. Komanso palinso nkhaka zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi "malaya a Dutch", omwe sakhala ochepa pakati pa ma tubercles ndi mitsempha. Kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya ndi Russia, nkhaka zomwe zimakhala ndi "Russian shirt" zimatchuka kwambiri - zowala zapakatikati panthawi yomwe imakhala ndi hillocks ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira pamapeto (Ustyug, Gypsy, Murashka, Valdai, Slobodskaya). Masango awa ndi abwino kwambiri salting, chifukwa Chifukwa cha ziphuphu zosaoneka bwino msuzi umalowa mu chipatso mofanana.
Kuchokera kwa fetal ndichinthu chofunikira chosankha. Kusiyanitsa minga yofiira, yakuda, yoyera.
Zipatso ndi minga yoyera - saladi ndipo sali yoyenera pickling. Kuchokera kumapulasitiki otentha kwa ife pa masamulo akubwera kawirikawiri nkhaka zoterozo, mosasamala nyengo. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imatha kuonanso ngakhale pa nkhaka yaitali.
Mitambo ya Brown ndi yakuda imasonyeza zipatso za mtundu wonse. Kwenikweni, izi ndi mitundu ndi hybrids zolingalira kuti greenhouses ndi lotseguka pansi. Mankhuka amenewo ndi abwino kudya mwatsopano, pickle ndi mchere. Njira yawo yokhayokha ndiyokuti amatha msanga mofulumira kwambiri, amakhala obirira ndi otsekemera kuposa nkhaka ndi minga yoyera.
Chinthu chinanso posankha nkhaka zosiyanasiyana ndi mtolo wa mazira. Zikamakwawa zikamera m'magulu, sizimatuluka. Zipatso zoterezi ndi zabwino zokometsera ndi kupanga (Arina, Amzanga Okhulupirika, Kapitala, Moscow Nights, etc.).
Masiku ano F1 hybrids ikukhala yotchuka kwambiri. Amapezeka powoloka mizere iwiri. Ambiri mwa hybrids amenewa ndi okwezeka kwambiri komanso amamera oyambirira, maluwa awo ambiri amakhala ndi mungu kapena amazimayi (ie, popanda grafts). Nkhumba zimapereka zokolola zabwino. Ngakhalenso pamene zipatso za hybrid iyi zikuposa, iwo alibe kulawa kowawa. Kenaka, zina zowonongeka za mndandanda wa F1 zikuwonetsedwa, zomwe zatsimikizirika bwino pamene zakula osati ndi akatswiri m'mapulasi, komanso pazinthu zapadera, nyumba zazing'ono ndi khitchini minda:
Okhotny Ryad (mtundu wa chilengedwe), Bobrik (saladi mtundu), Uglich (saladi mtundu), Ustug (mtundu wonse), Shchedrik (saladi), Murashka (chilengedwe chonse), Titus (chilengedwe chonse) Julian (saladi), Vladko (chilengedwe chonse), Anulka (saladi mtundu), Andrus (chilengedwe chonse), Sander (saladi mtundu).
Ngati mumasankha nkhaka za parthenocarpic (ndi mtundu wazimayi wa maluwa), pitani mungu wochokera kwa iwo, mwinamwake maluwa adzakhala ochuluka, koma padzakhala zipatso zochepa. Komanso, parthenocarpy mitundu nthawi zambiri amakula mufilimu pogona ndi greenhouses. Ngati ali ndi mungu wochokera ndi njuchi, zipatso zimatha kupotoka. Kotero musati mukulitse mitundu yotereyo kunja, pokhapokha ngati iwonetsetsani kuti ili yoyenera izi.
Ndipo kumbukirani kuti nkhaka ndi thermophilic, ndipo zikhoza kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka pokhapokha palibe mantha a chisanu.