Mtundu wa nightshade ndi chaka, udzu osatha, zitsamba, zitsamba zitsamba, kawirikawiri mitengo yokhazikika kapena yokwera. Masamba ndi odzaza, ophatikizika kapena ozolowereka, ophatikizira kapena owongolera. Nthawi zambiri maluwa ndi olondola, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, okhaokha kapena a inflorescences, omwe amakhala asanu. Zipatso za mtundu uwu wa zomera ndi mabulosi amitundu yambiri. Nightshade mwa njira yawo ali ndi zomera zamtengo wapatali - ma birplant, mbatata, nthawi zina tomato.
Mitundu.
Ku Russia, kuli mitundu pafupifupi makumi awiri ya mtundu wa mtundu uwu.
Mwachitsanzo, nightshade yokoma (S. dulcamara) ndi theka la shrub ndi mapesi okwera, maluwa amakhala ndi lilac, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zofiira. Amamera kumwera kwa Western Siberia ndipo pafupifupi mbali yonse ya ku Ulaya m'mitsamba yonyowa, mitsinje, nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mabanki.
Black nightshade (S. nigrum) - chomera chaka ndi maluwa choyera kwambiri, ndi zipatso zakuda (nthawi zina pali zipatso zobiriwira). Mu mawonekedwe a namsongole amakula pafupi ndi nyumba, m'minda ndi minda ya zipatso.
Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imakhala ndi mankhwala owopsa - alkaloid solanine, omwe angayambitse poizoni.
Nightshade yokhala (S. laciniatum). Mitundu ya mitundu imeneyi ndi Australia. M'mawonekedwe ake muli glycoalkaloids (solamargin ndi solasonin), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popeza mahomoni otchedwa steroid monga cortisone ndi progesterone. Mahomoni awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala. Mu mawonekedwe a chomera cha pachaka chomwe chinawonjezeka ku Krasnodar Territory.
Mitundu yambiri ya nightshade imakula ngati zokongola m'minda ya zipatso. Nazi ena mwa iwo: nightshade wakuda-wakuda, fringed nightshade. Mu greenhouses ndi m'chipinda zinthu tsabola nightshade wakula.
M'zinthu zam'chipinda, nightshade amafunikira kusamala: kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse, kudulira nthawi yake, kutentha kwachisanu m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati izi sizichitika, chomeracho chidzawonongeka mwamsanga.
Kusamalira a nightshade.
Nightshade ndi chomera chojambula, choncho chifukwa chofunika kwambiri ntchito yowala yowala yosafunika imafunika. Miyezi yeniyeni ya dzuwa imavutika kwambiri. Limakula bwino pafupi ndi zenera lakumadzulo ndi zenera lakummawa. Pafupi ndi zenera lakumwera, nightshade ayenera kukhala pritenyat.
M'chilimwe, chomera chimakhala bwino kutulutsa nightshade pamsewu, koma sichiyenera kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa (kupewa dzuwa), koma kuchokera pazithunzi ndi mphepo. Pa msewu panja nightshade udzabweretsa zipatso zambiri, osati ngati zikukula mu chipinda.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuganizira za kuyatsa kwina. Kulephera kwaunikira kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti chomera chimamasula kwambiri, fruiting ndipo pali masamba ochepa.
Bzalani nightshade osati kasupe, komanso m'chilimwe akulangizidwa kuti azikhala pa madigiri 18-25. Ndipo m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira mbewuyo idzabala chipatso pa 12-15 madigiri. Ngati kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kuliposa 18 о С, ndiye masamba amayamba kutembenuka ndi kuuluka, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zikuphulika ndipo zimayamba kutha. Kuonjezerapo, panthawi imeneyi, zomera zimasowa mpweya wabwino, koma sizinayambe.
Kuthirira madzi ambiri (April-September).
M'chipinda cha chipinda kuyambira nthawi ya October mpaka February, mbewuyo imakakamizidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi kuwala kochepa, ili mu nthawi yopumula. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawiyi, nightshade imayikidwa m'chipinda chozizira, komwe kumakhala chinyezi. Kuthirira pa nthawiyi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kusungidwa kotero mpaka kuoneka kwa mphukira zatsopano, ndiye kutsirira kumawonjezeka pang'ono.
Nyerere za mchere zimakhudza nthawi ya fruiting, choncho ndibwino kuti muzisunga 65 peresenti.
Nightshade iyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse, ndifunikanso kuyika chidebe ndi chomera pamphuno, chomwe chiri chisanadze ndi miyala yowonongeka, yowonjezera dongo kapena peat. Pansi pa chidebecho chiyenera kukhala pamwamba pa madzi, koma osati m'madzi.
Zovala zapamwamba zimachitika mu Meyi-September ndi feteleza wapadera kamodzi pamlungu kapena masabata awiri. Feteleza ayenera kutengedwa chifukwa cha maluwa mkati.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, zipatsozo zimasungunuka ndipo masamba amawoneka achikasu, kenako nightshade imayenera kudulidwa pa 1/3 ya msinkhu, kenaka imaikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano. M'nyengo yophukira, mapeto a osalima maluwa amafunika kuti adziwe.
Kupalasa nightshade kumachitika mutatha kudulira chaka chilichonse ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe.
Substrate yoyenera: gawo limodzi la tsamba ndi turf pansi, peat. Kapena: mchenga (gawo limodzi) ndi magawo awiri a nkhuni, peat, humus lapansi. Kusamba bwino ndi koyenera, izi zidzateteza kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Kubalana.
Chomera chamkatichi chikufalikira ndi cuttings ndi mbewu.
Mbewu imabzalidwa kawirikawiri kumapeto kwa mbeu, chifukwa mbewu izi zimafesedwa padziko lapansi losandulika (makamaka masamba) ndipo zimamera pansi pa galasi kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 20, koma osati madigiri 22. Mbewu imafesedwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndipo ili ndi mchenga wochepa wa mchenga. Patatha milungu iwiri ikubwera. Pambuyo pazigawo ziwiri, kambewu kakang'ono kamalowa m'miphika ndi gawo lotsatira: humus (magawo awiri), mchenga ndi kuzungulira pansi (gawo limodzi lirilonse) ndipo ndilofunika kudulidwa. M'chilimwe, achinyamata amafunika kudula kangapo, izi ndi zofunika kuti apangitse nthambi.
Kuberekera kwa cuttings kumachitika nthawi ya chilimwe. Pachifukwachi, cuttings yabwino ya rooting imabzalidwa mchenga wouma kapena perlite (mukhoza kutenga chisakanizo chokhala ndi mbali zofanana ndi mchenga ndi peat). Ngati phesi likazika mizu, imalowetsedwa mumphika ndi nthaka yomwe ili ndi: mchenga ndi mchenga (gawo limodzi lirilonse) ndi magawo awiri humus, kukanikiza ndilololedwa. M'chilimwe, zomera zachinyamata zimafunika kudula kangapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino.
Zitetezo: zipatsozo zimakhala zokongola komanso zowala, koma zili ndi zinthu zoopsa, choncho ngati nyumba ili ndi ana aang'ono, kupeŵa poizoni, zowonetsetsa ndizofunika.
Zosatheka zovuta.
Ndi zipatso zochepa chabe. Pachifukwa ichi, mutha kuyambitsa maluwa a nightshade ndi burashi yofewa.
M'nyengo yozizira, zipatso ndi masamba zimagwa. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chipindacho ndi chouma kwambiri ndipo mpweya umakhala wofunda.
Kuonongeka: Nsabwe za m'masamba, kangaude (makamaka ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma), nsabwe za m'masamba, whitefly.