Banja la Fittonia kuchokera ku banja la Acanthus, malinga ndi mitundu ina, limachokera ku mitundu iwiri kapena khumi ya zomera, zomwe zafalikira makamaka ku Peru. N'zosakayikitsa kuti alongo a Sarah ndi Elizabeth Fitton ali ndi dzina lao, ndipo mu 1850 anatulutsa buku ku London lotchedwa "Kukambirana za botani". Mafuta a fittoni ali ndi mtundu wokongola.
Mitengo ya fittonium yamakono imakula bwino ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ngati pali mpweya wouma m'chipinda. Komanso, chomeracho chiyenera kudula nthawi zonse.
Chisamaliro cha chomera:
Kuunikira. Mitengo ya Fittonium imakula bwino kwambiri, koma popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Malo abwino okula ndiwindo la kummawa kwa kummawa, kapena kumadzulo. Zenera lakumwera kwa kukula ndibwino kusasankha, ngakhale kuti mbeu idzakula, koma idzafunika pritenyat. Komanso, zomera zidzakula kumpoto kwawindo ku penumbra. Ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala malo, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuwala, ndiye ndizokwanira, sikokwanira. Makamaka pa kuyatsa kwina kokwanira kuyenera kusamalidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Kuunikira kwina kungapangidwe ndi kuthandizidwa ndi nyali za masana. Chifukwa cha kusowa kuwala, chomeracho chimayamba kutambasula, maonekedwe a masamba amawonongeka.
Kutentha kwa boma. Fittonia - zomera zimakhala thermophilic, m'chilimwe ulamuliro wa kutentha wa zinthu ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 22-25, kutentha kotheka kumachepetsa 18 ° C. Mu autumn ndi nyengo yozizira mbewu imasungidwa kutentha kwa 18 ° C ndi zina, koma sizitsitsa. Kutentha kwa zomwe zili mkatizi sikuyenera kusinthasintha, chomera sichidzatha ndipo chidzayamba kutaya masamba. Ngati kutentha kumadutsa madigiri 17 kapena pang'ono, chomeracho chiyamba kuyamba. Komanso, fittonia sakonda ma drafts, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, ziyenera kukanidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kusunga chomera kuchoka ku zotentha. Musati muike fittonia m'munda kapena pakhomo, ngakhale muyezi yotentha kwambiri m'chilimwe.
Kuthirira. Kuthirira kumapangidwa kokha ndi madzi ofunda otentha, omwe anakhalapo osatha. Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kugwa, madzi okwanira ndi ochuluka (kuthirira, monga chigawo chapamwamba kwambiri cha dziko lapansi chidzauma). M'pofunika kukumbukira kuti fittonium imathamanga madzi ndi masamba (oyendetsa), kumene nthaka imalira mofulumira. Kuwonjezera pa gawolo silololedwa, ngakhale kamodzi, mwinamwake muzu wa mbewuyo udzauma ndipo masamba ayamba kugwa. Kwa chomera, ndizoopsa kuwonongera kwambiri gawolo - mizu imayamba kuvunda.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Pakuti fittonii imafuna chinyezi chokwanira, chifukwa chaka chino mumatulutsa mbewu. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, gwiritsani ntchito osasankhidwa kapena kuyimirira ndi madzi. Ngati chomera chiri m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti kukonkha kumachitika kamodzi patsiku. Mukhoza kuwonjezera chinyezi pogwiritsira ntchito puloteni ndi masamba obiriwira, moss, miyala yambiri - ikani mphika pazitsamba kuti pansi pa mphika uli pamwamba pa madzi, osati m'madzi. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ogulitsira masamba.
Malo. Malo abwino okula fittonia ndi terrarium ("botolo la botolo"). Kuti tichite izi, timatenga chidebe chokongoletsera ndi chivindikiro chosindikizidwa kapena botolo la kapu ndi khosi lalikulu, kutsanulira kuchuluka kwa dothi pansi, chomera chomera, madzi ndikuphimba ndi chivindikiro. Pomwe pangokhala phokoso pamakoma a botolo, tsegulani chivindikiro kwa maola 1-2, kotero kuti chomeracho "chimapuma". Chosowa chotsegula pafupi masiku 7 oyambirira (koma osapitirira masiku khumi). Kenaka, chivindikirocho chimaloledwa kusatsegula, koma nthawi zonse yang'anani chinyezi.
Ngati chomera chikukula molimbika, ndiye kuti chiyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kupukuta kumachitika mu kasupe kapena pakuyamba kwa chilimwe. Ngati mukukonzekera kuyika fotoni ku "botolo la botolo" kunja, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono, tsiku lililonse, mutenge mtsuko wa galasi kwa maola angapo, choncho chomera chidzakonzekera kupita patsogolo mu chipinda.
Kupaka pamwamba. Zomera zogwira ntchito ziri mu April-August. Panthawiyi, fittonium iyenera kudyetsedwa masiku 14 aliwonse ndi njira yochepa ya feteleza yovuta, chifukwa zomerazi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ku feteleza. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya kudachepera kawiri.
Kudulira. Kuti tizilombo ta fittonium ndi nthambi yabwino, imayenera kupanikizidwa. Ndili ndi zaka zitatu, fittonia inabzala mbali ya tsinde - izi ndi zachibadwa. Zitsanzo zakale zimatsitsimutsidwa ndi kudulira, zomwe zimapangidwa m'chaka. Zimapangidwa m'magulu angapo - sizolandiridwa kuti chomeracho chikhalabe chamaliseche, popanda masamba, chifukwa ichi sichilola mphukira zazing'ono kukula.
Kusindikiza. Tikulimbikitsidwa kutengera fittony kumapeto kwa chaka. Pofuna kuthamanga, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lotayirira - 1/2 gawo la peat ndi mchenga wamba, kuphatikizapo 1 gawo la coniferous (heath) ndi nthaka ya sod. Fittonia ili ndi mizu yokha, kotero kuti ikule, muyenera kutenga mbale zazikulu ndi zopanda kanthu, pansi pake pomwe kukonzedwa bwino.
Kubalana. Zipinda zowonjezera izi zimachulukitsidwa ndi zigawo, magawano ndi cuttings.
Kubalana ndi cuttings - m'chaka kudula apical tsinde ndi 3-5 masamba (mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutalika kwa cuttings ndi 5-8 masentimita) ndipo mizu mumchenga (makamaka yokutidwa ndi galasi chidebe).
Phesi likhoza kukhazikika m'madzi. Madzi osanjikira sayenera kupitirira sentimita imodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, chidebecho ndi chogwiritsiridwa bwino chimaikidwa bwino mu thumba la pulasitiki ndi kumangirizidwa. Kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo panthawi yobereka ziyenera kukhala za 25-28 o C. Nthawi ndi nthawi pakiti iyenera kumasulidwa ndipo imatha kutsegulidwa ndi kupopedwa ndi masamba. Tsinde lidzakhazikika miyezi pafupifupi 1.5. Kamodzi kake kakang'ono kameneka kamapezeka ngati rootlets, kamangidwe mu nthaka gawo lapansi. Mukhoza kulima kopi imodzi, koma mungathe kuchita zingapo kuti muwone bwino.
Zovuta
- Chomeracho chinafa mwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chake chimakhala chinyezi, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, kapena kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, fittonia ikhale yotentha, ndipo dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono.
- Gawo la pansi la tsinde linali lopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chake ndi kukula kwa chilengedwe. Kuchetsa - m'chaka kumadula mphukira.
- Masamba a Flaccid ndi chikasu. Chifukwa chake ndizowonjezereka kwa gawo lapansi.
- Nsonga za masamba zimatembenuka chikasu. Chifukwa chake ndi kusowa kapena kuchuluka kwa zakudya.
- Masamba ophwanyidwa amalankhula za kuwonjezera kuwala, komanso za mpweya wouma.
- Zimakhudza: nkhanambo, thrips, mealybug ndi nthata zamagulu.