Kompositi.
Peat ndi chimodzi mwa zowonjezera zowonjezera kunyumba. Koma nkhokwe zake zimachepa chaka ndi chaka, ndipo mitengoyo ikukwera mofanana. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kufufuza mafanowo osagula. Njira imodzi yothetsera vuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina. Mwachitsanzo - kompositi. Mbali yachonde ya maluwa kuchokera kumpositi sangathe kubweretseratu peat. Koma izi sizikufunika. Ndi kompositi, mukhoza kuchepetsa peat filler ndi 20%. Ndipo chifukwa chake, ndi chidwi chidwi kudula ndalama, optimizing ndi zinthu kwa kukula maluwa mbewu.
Kuwonjezera pa kusungiritsa ndalama, kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lochokera ku kompositi kumathetsa mavuto ambiri kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe komanso eni nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, zimathandiza kutaya zowonongeka zam'madzi pa webusaitiyi ndi phindu la bizinesi ndi zachilengedwe. Kompositi popanda malipiro oonjezera amachititsa kuti udzu, masamba osweka, zidutswa za masamba ndi zipatso zidulidwe mu magawo ndi kuzikhalitsa mu mawonekedwe omwe angapezedwe ndi zomera zamtsogolo.
Kuwonjezera kwa kompositi kumapindulitsa pa mankhwala ndi zakuthupi za gawo lapansi kwa mbewu ndi mphika. Njira yokonzekera ikugwirizana ndi ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yomwe imawononga zinthu zovuta kwambiri ku zinthu zosavuta. Zotsatira za redox zimadalira makamaka pa chilengedwe chosakhazikika, monga kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa mpweya, kotero zimakhala zovuta kulamulira.
Ngati palibe kuthekera kapena kukhumba kompositi, mukhoza kugula mokonzeka. Mwachitsanzo, kompositi, yotengedwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya mphutsi, makamaka nyongolotsi yofiira ya California. Vermicompost yomwe imapezeka mothandizidwa ndi mphutsi, mosiyana ndi mwachizolowezi, imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakonzekera mofulumira kwambiri. Gulu la asayansi ku yunivesite ya Ohio (USA) lasonyeza kuti vermicompost imakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa zomera, makamaka zomera za maluwa. Motsogoleredwa, chilengedwe chikuwonjezeka, khalidwe limakula. Maonekedwe a maluwawo amasungidwa ngakhale atapita nthawi yaitali. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka powonjezera 10-20% vermicompost kwa gawo lapansi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, panalibenso kusowa kobiriza maluwa kunyumba ndi mineral feteleza.
Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi zakudya zina zomwe zimayambitsa vermicompost. Zomera pa gawo lapansi ndi vermicompost zimakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa gawo lapansi popanda izo, koma ndi mlingo womwewo wa zakudya. Kuonjezerapo, zotsatira zimatha pamene zimatulutsa vermicompost ndipo sizibwezeretsedwanso ngakhale kuwonjezera kwa mabatire ena.
Clay.
Kuwala ndi thanthwe la pulasitiki lonyozeka. Lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a potassium-substrate, ngakhale izi siziri zofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito. Kuda ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndi kovuta kufalitsa mofanana mu gawo la gawo lapansi. Choncho, dongo louma limakhala loyamba ndipo kenako limasakanizidwa ndi peat wakuda woyeretsa kuti asamangidwe. Chomera chotsirizirachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zosakaniza za nthaka chifukwa cha cyclamen, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pokhapokha 5% ya dongo yowonjezeredwa, madzi amadzimadzika mobwerezabwereza. Koma pamene imatenga madzi ochepa kusiyana ndi peat osakaniza.
Choncho, chotupa chimakhala choipa kwambiri, chovala chokongoletsera cha mchere, chimayambitsa mavitamini oteteza amonium, potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous. Zinthu izi sizikusambidwa ndi madzi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera pang'onopang'ono, ngati n'kofunikira. Koma m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti mitundu ina ya dothi imafunika kuti mbewu za maluwa zikhale zofunikira.
Chizindikiro cha kokonati.
Mafinya a kokonati amachititsa kuti capillary zikhale ndi zotsatira za mitundu komanso zomwe zimatha kuyamwa madzi. Kuwonjezera kwa ma kokonati amathandizira pafupifupi mbewu zonse zomwe zimayesedwa maluwa. Choyamba, kusiyana kwa kusuntha kwa gawo lakumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa gawo lapansi mu mphika wa maluwa kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha mizu - iwo amagawanika mogawanika lonse lonse. Chachiwiri, kukula kwa zomera kumathamanga chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa mizu ndi gawo lofiira, ngakhale kumera (mkati mwake kumapeto kwazitali kumathamanga mwamsanga, ndiko kuti, mizu yaying'ono imakhalamo). Chachitatu, chifukwa cha bwino capillary effect, kuyanika kwa pamwamba pamwamba kumachepetsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zimayambira bwino mu nthaka. Chachinayi, ndi kosavuta kuthirira magawo osiyanasiyana, ngakhale zowonjezera zouma, zomwe zimathandiza kukula maluwa abwino. Chifukwa cholephera kuthirira, kokonati imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu pamalo otseguka, kumene mphepo ndi dzuwa zimawuma msanga nthaka.
Chitetezo cha gawo lapansi kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchepetsa chitukuko cha matenda m'miyoyo yopanda mphamvu mothandizidwa ndi kuyambitsa tizilombo ndi njira yatsopano yopangira zomera pazitsulo zopangira, mwachitsanzo, pa ubweya wa mchere. Chofunika chofunika cha misa floriculture nthawizonse amalingaliridwa ndipamwamba sterility. Komabe, zina zimayambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri ngakhale zikhalidwe zonse za kukula maluwa zimapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, Pythium ndi Phytoftora zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi zida za hydroponics ndikukula bwino pamagulu opanda pake. Kawirikawiri amatetezedwa ndi kutetezedwa kwa thupi, kutsekemera, koma izi zimangokhala ngati njira yowonetsera.
Ndalama zamakono zimaperekedwa kwa microflora yapadera, yomwe imalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M'masitolo apadera mungagule kapena kuitanitsa mankhwala omwe amamenyana ndi matenda ambiri a zomera. Ndipo kuphatikiza kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kumagwira ntchito kusiyana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtundu umodzi. Komanso m'pofunika kuganizira momwe angayambitsire mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tilowa mu mbeu kudzera mu njira yothetsera michere, ndiye kuti sikupanda ntchito kukonzekera ndi microflora yothandiza pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Choncho, ziribe kanthu komwe mumagwiritsa ntchito maluwa panyumba, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chowonjezera, kuwerenga mabuku apadera, ndi kulankhulana ndi alimi odziwa maluwa kuti azikula maluwa abwinobwino.