Zamasamba zimakhalapo kwa zaka zambirimbiri. Anthu ambiri akale amadalira zakudya zimenezi chifukwa cha malingaliro osiyanasiyana achipembedzo. Zamasamba zinali zofala kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 1800. Panthawiyi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana adayamba ndikuyamba ntchito yogwira ntchito yolimbikitsa zakudya. Ku Russia, zomera zamasamba zinayamba kufalikira kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, makamaka pakati pa mamembala a intelligentsia ndi anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malamulo omwe alipo kale a zamasamba?
Odyera zakudya zamasamba akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Omwe amatchedwa Old Vegetarians samalola kugwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse za chirombo pamtundu uliwonse. Gulu lina, lotchedwa Young Vegetarians, likukana kulandira mankhwala, koma limalola kulowetsa mkaka ndi mazira pa zakudya zawo. Mtundu wina wa zamasamba umalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zokha komanso zokhazokha. Mfundo yowonjezereka ya mitundu yonse ya chakudya ichi ndi kukana kuphatikizapo zakudya zopezeka kupha nyama, kaya ziweto, nkhuku kapena nsomba.
Kodi, malingaliro a odyetsa zakudya, kodi kudya zakudya za nyama n'koopsa?
Malingana ndi lingaliro lofunika la zamasamba, kapangidwe ndi zozizwitsa za kayendetsedwe ka ziwalo za m'mimba za munthu sizisinthidwa kudya chakudya cha nyama. Choncho, pamene tikudya nyama, akuti kudetsedwa kwa thanzi la munthu kumachitika chifukwa cha mapangidwe a poizoni m'thupi, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa maselo a thupi ndipo zimayambitsa poizoni.
Kodi choopsa cha zamasamba ndi chiyani kuchokera ku sayansi yamakono?
Asayansi-odyetserako zakudya amalimbikitsa kuti mukhale nawo mu zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku zinyama. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mapuloteni a nyama ya nyama ali ndi amino acid ofunikira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku mavitamini ena amtundu wa thupi m'thupi ndi osatheka. Kupezeka kwa zakudya zoterezi zamagulu ndi zakudya zowonongeka ndizoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pakadali pano kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni ambiri a thupi la munthu akusokonezeka, ndipo izi zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kusokonezeka kwa kukula ndi chitukuko.
Mankhwala ovomerezeka amalimbikitsa zamasamba monga chakudya cham'mafupipafupi komanso matenda ena okha (atherosclerosis, matenda opatsirana, matenda a impso ndi m'mimba). Mu zakudya zamankhwala, zakudya zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomwe zimatchedwa "kutulutsa katundu", pamene odwala amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito masamba kapena zipatso zokha.
Choncho, zamasamba zimatha kuwononga thanzi la munthu. Kusiyanitsa nyama ndi zakudya za nyama kuchokera ku chakudya ndizoopsa pa nthawi ya kukula ndi chitukuko, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa thupi. Zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera ngati chakudya chochepa panthawi ya matenda ena.