Mu 1802, mtunduwu unafotokozedwa, ndipo unapatsidwa dzina lakuti A. Gusman - botanist wa ku Spain. Gusmania ndi chomera cha thermophilic, kutentha kwakukulu kwa maluwa ndi 25 ° C. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula, amamera epiphytes m'mitengo ndi nthaka monga zomera zapadziko lapansi.
Masambawa ali ndi rosettes, yomwe ili kutalika komanso m'mimba mwake imatha kufika masentimita 50. Masamba onse, akhoza kukhala a variegated, ndipo akhoza kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira, koma nthawi ya maluwa imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi malo omwe amapezeka pakati pa tsamba. Mu mitundu ina ya guzmania, inflorescence imapangidwa pamwamba pa kutalika kwa peduncle. Kuphuka kumayamba osati kale kuposa zaka ziwiri za moyo, pachimake chimatenga miyezi itatu, ndiye chomera chimamwalira.
Samala Guzzman.
Mitengo ya gusmania yamkati ndi yopanda ulemu, kotero imatha kukhala wamkulu mumdima ndi pamalo owala. Guzmania amakonda kuwala, kuwala kwa dzuwa, makamaka masana samakonda, choncho ziyenera kukhala pritenyat (chifukwa cha kumeta mungagwiritse ntchito nsalu kapena mapepala osandulika). Ndi bwino kukula gusmania pawindo lakummawa kapena kumadzulo. Kuwindo la kumpoto, zomera zikukula bwino, koma sizidzaphuka.
M'chilimwe, chomeracho chikhoza kutengedwera mumsewu, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chomeracho chisalowe kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula, mphepo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimafuna kuunika bwino, kumeta panthawi ino kuyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuunikira kwina, mungagwiritse ntchito magetsi a fulorosenti omwe amaikidwa pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita pamwamba pa chomera (osachepera maola 8 a kuunikira amafunika tsiku lililonse kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino). M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, chipinda chomwe gusmania chimakula chiyenera kukhala mpweya wotsekemera, koma sipangakhale payenera.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, chomeracho chiyenera kukula mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati kufika 25 о С (koma osati poyerekeza ndi 20 о С). M'nyengo yozizira, gusmania ikhoza kuikidwa m'chipinda chozizira pamtunda wotentha wa 18 о С (onetsetsani kuti kutentha sikugwera pansi pa 12 о С).
Pa nyengo yokula, chomera chikusowa madzi okwanira monga gawo lapansi lakuuma. Ndibwino kuti muthe kuthira madzi mumalo osungiramo katundu, makamaka m'mawa. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, madzi ayenera kusinthidwa. Pambuyo maluwa, komanso asanapume mpumulo, madzi amachokera kumalowako.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera. Panthawi imeneyi, simukuyenera kutsanulira madzi mumtsinje, imangopopera mbewu. Madzi samatsanulira muzitsulo ndipo pambuyo pake mbeu yayamba, mwinamwake chomera chiyamba kuvunda!
Ngati guzmania imakula pa mtengo wa bromeliad, ndiye kamodzi kamodzi pa masiku khumi mbeuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa ku chithandizo ndi kumizidwa m'madzi okhazikika. Pambuyo pokwanira, sungani madzi owonjezera ndipo mubwerere kumalo. Madzi oweta ayenera kukhala ofewa ndi kukhazikika, kutentha kwa madzi kukhale 2-3 o C pamwamba pa kutentha kwa firiji.
Ngati kutentha mu chipinda chimadutsa madigiri 20 m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina mumathira madzi ofunda m'chidutswa.
Guzmania - zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri chinyezi, kotero malo abwino kuti akule adzakhala ofunda wowonjezera kutentha kapena terramuum. Chomeracho chimafunika kupopera mankhwala nthawi zambiri (kangapo patsiku). Ngati chinyezi sichikwanira, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyika chomera pamatumba ndi miyala, mvula yonyowa, kudula dongo. Pansi pa mphika sayenera kukhala m'madzi. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, masamba ayenera kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti awayeretseni ndi fumbi. Sera yapadera, yomwe imapatsa masamba kuwala sizothandiza kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika kuyambira May mpaka August. Kupaka pamwamba kumapangidwa kamodzi mu masiku 30. Feteleza ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kuti kuthirira ndi kuthiridwa mu chingwe.
Kuti mupange feteleza, muyenera kugula feteleza wapadera kwa bromeliads. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pazipinda zapakhomo, koma muyenera kuzilandira 4 peresenti kusiyana ndi zomera zamba. Ndalama ya nayitrojeni mu feteleza iyenera kukhala yochepa, chifukwa kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kumatsogolera ku imfa ya Guzmania.
Ngati n'kofunika, chomeracho chimaikidwa, koma osati kawiri konse kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Khosi la chomera sichimatha pokhapokha pakupatsidwa, chifukwa chomerachi chikhoza kufa.
Mauthenga a kukula kwa guzmania ayenera kukhala porous, mphika uyenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino (1/3 mphika, osachepera).
Mitundu ya gizmania ya epiphytic imakhala ndi magawo atatu a makungwa a pine, 1 mbali ya peat sphagnum, 1 gawo la masamba, 1/2 gawo la humus lapansi (mukhoza kutenga mullein wouma), ndi makala amkuwa ndi perlite.
Mitengo ya Guzzmania, nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi mbali ziwiri za masamba, gawo limodzi la humus, 1 part peat, 0.5 gawo la mchenga, kuphatikizapo sphagnum, nthaka ya sod, makungwa a mitengo ya coniferous, makala. Kwa kubzala, mbale zazikulu zimaposa zitsulo zakuya.
Kubalana.
Zipindazi zimachulukitsidwa ndi mbeu, mobwerezabwereza ndi mbewu.
Mbewu imafesedwa peat ndi mchenga kapena mudulidwa sphagnum. Mbewu isanayambe kufesa ayenera kutsukidwa mu njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate, kenako zouma. Mbewu zimamera pokhapokha, choncho sizitsekedwa m'nthaka. Panthawiyi, kutentha kumafunika madigiri 22-24. Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mankhwala ndi mpweya wokwanira nthawi zonse n'kofunika. Mbande zimaonekera pambuyo pa masiku 10-20, ndipo patadutsa miyezi 2.5 imadumphira mu chisakanizo chokhala ndi gawo limodzi la nthaka, magawo awiri a masamba, magawo 4 a peat. Ndipo patadutsa theka la chaka, mbande zamphamvu zimabzalidwa. Kwa zaka 3-4, zomera zimayamba kuphuka.
Mbewu ya chomera cha guasman imabereka mosavuta. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, zomera zimamwalira, koma mofanana ndi izi, mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kuwuka pansi, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ana ambiri, omwe pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri imakhala yochepa mizu ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi. Mu miphika musanayambe, muyenera kutsanulira sphagnum, kapena gawo la masamba atatu a tsamba, gawo limodzi la makungwa a pine ndi mchenga umodzi.
Chidebecho chimayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 26 ndipo chimaphimbidwa ndi poyera polyethylene kapena galasi cap. Zomera zitakhala zamphamvu komanso mizu, amafunika kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi za kusamalidwa kwa anthu akuluakulu.
Zowonongeka: mealy wakuda, chishango.