Mafomu a mlingo
Popeza kuti mphumu ndi matenda a pandege, kupuma ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoperekera mankhwalawa kumalo omwe akupita. Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mphumu, koma mawonekedwe otha kufuta amakhala mawonekedwe a mankhwala. Njira yabwino kwambiri yowonongeka ndi yochiritsidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha wodwalayo ku gulu lina malinga ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa matendawa komanso kuikidwa kwa mankhwala oyenerera. Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndizo:
■ bronchodilator (bronchodilator) - pempho;
■ bronchodilator kuphatikizapo kukonzekera pang'ono kuti zisawonongeke (kusokoneza sodium kapena mankhwala ochepa a mankhwala a steroid); Mu bronchodilator kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kochepetsetsa kupezeka kwa kugwidwa ndi bronchodilator ya nthawi yayitali; bronchodilator kuphatikizapo mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala pofuna kupewa katemera ndi kuchitapo kanthu bronchodilator. Pali zipangizo zosiyana siyana, cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa aperekedwa mofulumira ku malo omwe akugwira ntchitoyo.
Kusuta kumatulutsa
Ngati mlingo wa inhaler umagwiritsidwa ntchito, mlingo wina wa mankhwala umalowa m'thupi ngati mawonekedwe a aerosol. Kuipa kwakukulu kwa njirayi ndi zotsatira za mankhwala omwe amapezeka pammero ndi makolo ovuta kuyendetsa inhalation ndi kutsegula kwa inhaler. Pothandizidwa ndi inhaler yomwe imakhala ndi mavitamini, mchere umatumizidwa ku chipinda chapadera chomwe chimatulutsidwa kudzera pakamwa ndi valve, komanso mu zipangizo za ana aang'ono - kudzera pa chovala cha maski. Kotero, vuto la kugwirizana kwa kudzoza ndi kupsinjika maganizo kumathetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa njira iyi yobweretsera mankhwala mosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito. Palinso ufa wa inhalers umene umatulutsa mwachindunji mankhwalawo kudzera mu mucous nembanemba wa tsamba lopuma. Iwo akufuna kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana a msinkhu wa sukulu ndi okalamba.
Nebulizer
Nebulizers amachititsa mankhwala amadzimadzi kukhala aerosol mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wolimba kapena oxygen. Zili zoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito ndipo zowonongeka, choyamba, zothandizira mwadzidzidzi za kuwonjezereka kwa mphumu yowonongeka mu chipatala ndi ofesi ya onse. Pakuukira koopsa kwambiri kwa mphumu, jekeseni wamakono wa bronchodilator ndi wofunikira kuti uwonjezere mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, aminophylline imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabukuwa, ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito salbutamol. Ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwala wovutitsidwa ndi mphumu yoipa sungapite patsogolo, ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana kwambiri, mpweya wokwanira wopanga mpweya ungafunike. Odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri ndizofunika kupatula pneumothorax (kupumphuka kwa mapapo chifukwa cha chiwombankhanga cha mlengalenga) pogwiritsa ntchito chifuwa cha X-ray. Odwala ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mphumu yowopsa kwambiri ayenera kuchitidwa kuchipatala chokwanira ana. Mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mphumu. Zojambulajambula zimapereka mpumulo wa zizindikiro mwa kuchepetsa minofu yosalala, tsamba la kupuma; Corticosteroids imapewa kugunda, kupondereza kutupa. Panthawi yovutitsidwa ndi asthmatic, kuyankhulana kwakukulu kumachitika pamasom'manja. Chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matendawa chimakhala ndi mtundu wina wa leukocyte - T-lymphocytes. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa maselowa kumabweretsa kutulutsa mapuloteni apaderadera - ma cytokini, omwe amachititsa maselo ena, makamaka magulu a eosinophils. Njirayi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuuluka kwa mpweya mu mphumu. Kuonjezera apo, kutsegulira kwa maselo amtunduwu, kumapangitsa kuti atulutse mankhwala monga histamine, omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa tsamba la kupuma.
Kutaya minofu yofewa ya bronchi
Mphuno ya minofu yosalala ya njira yopuma imayendetsedwa ndi receptors pamagulu a maselo a minofu; Chofunika kwambiri pazimenezi ndi (52-adrenergic ndi acetylcholine receptors). Kukopa (kwa mapuloteni kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizisangalala, pamene zotsatira za acetylcholine receptors zimayambitsa kuchepetsa.) Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (32-receptors (p2-agonists) kapena kuletsa acetylcholine receptors (amatsutso a acetylcholine), khalani ndi mpumulo pa minofu ya mphuno, motero kuchotsa zizindikiro za mphumu. Chofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha mphumu ya khate (32-agonists Mwachitsanzo, salbutamol.
Kuchepetsa njira yotupa
Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la masewero a asthmatic, sikokwanira kuti muthetse minofu ya bronchi, popeza kuti lumen ya ndege idzakhala yopapatiza chifukwa cha kutupa kwa mucous membrane. Corticosteroids imakhudza njira zosiyanasiyana zamagulu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mphumu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kupewa, osati chifukwa chogonjetsa, zotsatira zake zimachitika maola angapo, choncho zimayenera kutengedwa nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu za zizindikiro. Sitikutha kutsimikiziridwa kuti kusunga mwamphamvu kwa boma loyenera kungalepheretse chitukuko cha mphumu mwa anthu omwe adziwonongera. Komabe, n'zotheka kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda omwe atha kale, ngati tilepheretsa chilengedwechi kuti chikhale chotsatira.
Dothi lakumudzi
Mitikiti yomwe imakhala mu fumbi la nyumba mosakayika ndi yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imayambitsa chiyambi cha zizindikiro za ana ambiri. Ndipotu, n'zovuta kuchepetsa phulusa losakanizidwa, komabe, banja la asthmatic likulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa ma carpets ndi toyese zofewa kuchokera ku nyumbayi, komanso kuti aziyeretsa tsiku lililonse.
Kusasuta fodya
Mu utsi wa fodya mumakhala kwambiri muli mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu apumidwe. Kafukufuku wa sayansi amatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa kusuta kwa makolo ndi kuwonjezereka kowonongeka kwa ana awo.
Ziweto zimaloledwa
Ana ena omwe ali ndi mphumu amamvetsetsa kwambiri ziwalo za ziweto, makamaka amphaka ndi agalu. Komabe, kuchotsa chiweto kungakhale zowawa kwambiri ndipo kumafuna kukambirana momveka bwino komanso kokondweretsa ndi mwanayo.
Zogulitsa chakudya
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zakudya zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mphumu.