Oziteteza thupi - maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi (leukocyte) - okhwima mu fupa ndi thymus (thymus gland), kutembenukira ku phagocytes (ndi maselo ena a chitetezo cha innate) ndi ma lymphocytes - maselo omwe amatenga chitetezo chokwanira. Podziwa "maphunziro a achinyamata," magulu oyendayenda amapita ku nthata, matoni, ma lymph nodes ndi zotengera, mapuloteni a m'mimba ndi kupuma, kumene amatha kukonzekera kuchita "nkhondo".
Kupitilira ziwalo ndi ziwalo pamodzi ndi maselo ndi magazi, leukocyte amamva ndi zokometsera zonse zomwe zimakumana ndi njira yawo, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi chida chapadera amasiyanitsa maselo a thupi lawo kuchokera kwa akunja. Mukakumana ndi chinthu chofanana, "ankhondo" amagawana mwamtendere, ndipo ngati ali "alendo" pamaso pawo - amayamba kuukira.
Phagocytes amapanga mzere woyamba wa chitetezo ku matenda. Iwo "amamanga" tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamwamba pake ndikuwatenga. Ngati "magulu ankhondo" omwe ali ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali amphamvu, ma lymphocytes (gulu lina la leukocyte) amawonekera pa "nkhondo". Amapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwa tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komwe kuli (mkati mwa maselo, mu minofu yamadzi kapena magazi), komanso kuthandizira kuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Koma ngati tilibe mphamvu yogonjetsa chitetezo chodziwika bwino, ntchito yomwe tapindula imadalira kwambiri pa moyo wathu.
3 NTCHITO YOFUNIKA
Ngakhale kuti mgwirizano wa chitetezo cha mthupi umakhala wovuta, sizimatha kukhala njira yomwe ingalephereke. Pali mitundu itatu ya kuphwanya ntchito yake.
Gulu 1: IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Nthawi zambiri, tikati: "Ndataya chitetezo chamthupi," timatanthauza kuchepa kwake, komwe kubwezeretsedwa. Mwachikhalidwe, uwu ndi mtundu woyamba wa immunodeficiency. Yachiŵiri imatchula mavoti pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwira ntchito pamunsi kapena chitetezo chimatha.
Kugonjera kwa kanthawi kochepa (matenda opatsirana a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fuluwenza, herpes, ndi zina zotero.) Kutetezeka kwa thupi kumatha nthawi zambiri kugwa mu moyo, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri izi: nkhawa, kutopa, kusowa zakudya m'thupi, zizoloŵezi zoipa (kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya), kusowa mavitamini ndi dzuwa (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira), hypothermia, ndi zina zotero. - zonse zomwe aliyense amakumana nazo nthawi ndi nthawi. Mukuwoneka kuti mulibe kanthu ndipo simukupweteka, koma mumakhala ochepa, chitetezo cha thupi chikufooketsa, ntchito ya chitetezo chonse cha mthupi imadetsa nkhawa (zomwe zili m'matendawa amachepa, ntchito zawo zimachepa, kuphatikizapo kupanga ma antibodies). Zotsatira zake, mukhoza kudwala, ndipo matendawa - "kukoka" ndipo amachititsa mavuto.
Ndikofunika . Asayansi asonyeza kuti akazi omwe sali pa banja amakhala odwala matenda a chimfine kusiyana ndi omwe amakhala okondwa m'banja. M'banjamo (kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito komanso ochezeka), zimapanga ma antibodies ambiri omwe amatsutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kusiyana ndi omwe amatsekedwa komanso osungulumwa.
Musasokoneze chifukwa ndi zotsatira za kugwa kwa chitetezo. Kuzizira komweko sikungathe kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi: mungathe kuchitenga, chifukwa chakuti chitetezo chanu choyamba chikufooka pachifukwa china.
Chochita . "Wagwa" chitetezo chokwanira? Kwezani izo mwa njira yovuta. Palinso nsonga izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa kuchepa kwake.
Mphamvu . Sankhani zakudya zoyenera. Idyani mafuta ochepa komanso mapuloteni ambiri, omwe ali ndi nsomba za vitamini D ndi E-rich komanso nyama yowonda; komanso fiber: masamba - nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zowonjezera (zinc ndi selenium), zofunika kuti chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndi zipatso - komanso mavitamini a B, vitamini C ndi tocopherol (antioxidant amphamvu ndi maselo a chitetezo cha thupi). Kuperewera kwa mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu kudzakuthandizani kudzaza zowonjezereka zowonjezera mavitamini kuti chiteteze chitetezo. Musanawagule, funsani dokotala wanu ndipo werengani malangizo mosamala.
Zochita zathupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse pamalimba kapena masewera kumapangitsa kuti thupi lisamane ndi matenda. Choyamba, amachepetsa kufalikira kwa maselo am'thupi - madzi omwe amapereka maselo a chitetezo ku "nkhondo" (kayendetsedwe ka mitsempha yamatenda imapezeka chifukwa cha minofu yozungulira). Chachiwiri, kayendetsedwe kake kamathandizira kutentha. Mukamayimitsa, kuyendayenda kwa maselo otetezera kumachepetsanso, ndipo mwina sangakhale ndi nthawi yolimbana ndi kachilomboka. Mwa njira, munthu wamba amayenda mu mpweya watsopano kapena ulendo wopita ku chipinda cha nthunzi (mwachitsanzo, kusambira ku Russia) ndi maphunziro abwino a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Maloto . Pamene agona, maselo a cytokines (ma molekyulu opangidwa ndi lymphocytes) amapangidwa. Zimayambitsa ntchito za maselo okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuzindikira kuti zimapulumuka. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti zonsezo ndizokhazikika, ndipo yesani kuswa boma.
Kugona kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi maola asanu ndi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu, ndipo njira yabwino yosinthira boma ndi kudziphunzitsa kuti mugone ndi kuwuka nthawi yomweyo.
Kugonana . Asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Wilkes ku Pennsylvania adapeza kuti omwe amakhala ndi chizolowezi chogonana (1-2 pa sabata), mlingo wa immunoglobulin (antibodies) m'matumbowo ndi wapamwamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chokhalira ndi bwenzi losatha, ngati mulibe limodzi.
Ukhondo . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbali yaikulu ya chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Dziko lopanda matenda opweteka limayambitsa chimfine. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa umunthu wadasintha ndi iwo kwa miyezi yambiri, choncho ndizofunikira kuti apange chitetezo chathu. Inde, palibe amene adaletsa ukhondo, koma ndibwino kuti musapitirirepo.
Kulandira mankhwala. Musamadzipange okha: popanda dokotala, kusankha mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chowonjezera chitetezo chisakhale chosafunikira, komanso chowopsa. Choyamba, fufuzani kafukufuku ndipo chitani ma immunogram kuti mudziwe kukhalapo ndi udindo wa immunodeficiency.
Kupitirira kapena kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira (alimphocytosis, Edzi, etc.)
Chifukwa cha kusowa kapena kupezeka kwa kuthekera koti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatha kapena sichitha kugwira ntchito. Chiwawa chikuchitika:
- ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a chiberekero, pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambitsa ma antibodies pang'ono;
- pa matenda omwe amachititsa kudya kwa nthawi yaitali mankhwala opha tizilombo;
- pamene AIDS, pamene chitetezo cha thupi chimasokonekera chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamachulukitsa maselo a mthupi, omwe amapha wodwalayo. Matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi sangathe kuuchulukitsa (ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha kachilombo ka HIV amayamba kudzipanga okha) ndipo amalephera.
Izi ndizochitika pamene chitetezo chochokera kwa "chitetezo" chimasanduka "nkhanza". Ndi mavitamini, maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi amawopsa kwambiri ndipo sagwirizana ndi zovuta zowonjezera: ubweya, ntchentche, mungu, etc., ndipo panthawi ya mphumu zimayambitsa ma bronchi ndi mapapu, zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma ndikupuma kupuma.
Ndikofunika . Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo ambiri a chitetezo cha mthupi kumapezeka pokhapokha pa nthawi ya chiwonongeko kapena kukhudzana ndi allergen, kotero kuthamanga kapena mphumu si chifukwa choganiza kuti palibe chifukwa choonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Tsoka, aliyense wa ife ali pafupi ndi chimfine ndi matenda.
Chochita . Pambuyo poyezetsa, yikani mtundu wa allergen. Kumwa antihistamines yomwe imapangitsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda, komanso kupewa kugonana ndi allergen. Ndi mphumu, mpweya umayenera kuchotsa mphumu.
Gulu 3: KUDZIWA ZOTHANDIZA
Ntchito yaikulu ya chitetezo cha mthupi ndikumatha kusiyanitsa "mwini" kuchokera "kwa wina". Ngati yathyoka, vuto lalikulu la thanzi limayamba. Pamene, pazifukwa zosadziwika, maselo otetezera, mmalo motetezera okha ku majeremusi ndi matenda, ayambe kuwononga maselo mthupi lawo, matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimodzi amapezeka.
Ndikofunika . Cholingacho chingakhale ziwalo zilizonse - impso, chiwindi, m'mimba, ubongo, kupuma ndi diso. Matenda opatsirana (nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, lupus erythematosus, kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro, ndi zina zotero) sizitha kuchiritsidwa, koma n'zotheka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka.
Chochita . Pofuna kuti pakhale matendawa, akatswiri amati amalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amalepheretsa chitetezo chogonjera (malinga ndi mankhwala komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala).