Nkhungu pa zakudya zimawonekera pamene zinthuzo zasungidwa molakwika kapena kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo izi ndizodziwikiratu kwa aliyense wokhala nawo. Chochititsa chidwi, nkhungu ikhoza kuthetsedwa kapena mwamsanga kutaya katundu wogwidwa? Wogula ayenera kudziwa kuti mitundu ina ya nkhungu ndi yoopsa kwambiri - imakhala yoopsa, mitundu ina imapanga khansa (mycotoxins). Mitundu ya mycotoxinsyi, yomwe imakhala mu thupi laumunthu, ingayambitse khansara.
Kodi mankhwala omwe ali ndi nkhungu ndi owopsa kwa thanzi
Nkhungu zimakhala zofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Nkhungu za nkhungu pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ndipo zina zimatengedwa kuti ndi zothandiza pa chakudya. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali mitundu ina ya nkhungu yomwe ingakhoze kuwonedwa pa tchizi yapadera, zokometsera msuzi salami. Mawanga owopsa mu tchizi ndi kuvala koyera pa soseji, ndi ntchito ya nkhungu. Mtundu wa nkhunguwu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wa zakudya zamabotolo. Sichimakhudza mtundu wa nkhungu zaumunthu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga tchizi zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito ya nkhungu ndiyo kusungirako mankhwala ndi fungo lake lapadera. Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhunguyi, mankhwalawa amakhala motalika kwambiri.
Mitundu ina ya nkhungu imabweretsa mycotoxin. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimaphatikizira mu metabolism ndipo chingayambitse kupanga mapangidwe a khansa. Koma izi zimachitika kokha ngati udya chakudya chokwanira ndi nkhungu. Ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse ndi nkhungu, kuonjezera kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso zingakhalenso kukula.
Kodi ndi bwino kuponyera kunja mankhwala omwe anapanga nkhungu
Popanda kukayikira, mutha kutumiza zitsamba zotayika monga zakudya zowonongeka, kirimu, yogati, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi zamatope (mapichesi, tomato, plums, etc.). Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku compotes, juices, pamwamba pa zomwe nkhungu za nkhungu zayamba kupanga. Malingana ndi madokotala a madokotala, nyama, nyama ndi zidutswa za mkate ndiyenso zimayenera kutumiza ku zinyalala.
Nkhunguyi ndi yopanda phindu, yomwe inapangidwa pa chidutswa chachikulu cha tchizi cholimba, pa ndodo ndi salami kapena chikhomo, pa mkate. Mukhoza kuchotsa chidutswa chachikulu kuchokera kuzinthu izi kuchokera ku bowa omwe ali ndi nkhungu.
Mu zinthu monga confiture, kupanikizana, kupanikizana, mlingo wa ngozi umadalira shuga, kapena m'malo mwake zomwe zili mkati mwake. Ngati zokhudzana ndi shuga zoposa 63%, mukhoza kuchotsa nkhungu kuchokera pamwamba. Lamuloli likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zogulidwa, ndi katundu wopangidwa kunyumba, kuti asaike pangozi, ndi bwino kusiya.
Komanso osamala ndi kukhala ndi zipatso zouma kapena zakuda zouma ndi mtedza. Ngati zakudya izi zimakhala zowawa pang'ono, ndiye kuti sizoyenera kudya. Mkwiyo umenewu ukhoza kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa mankhwalawa a aflatoxins, omwe amawapha.
Ngati simukukayikira, ndibwino kuti musapseke pang'onopang'ono ndikuponyera katundu wogwidwa ndi nkhungu. Koma musamawope ngati mutadya kachidutswa kakang'ono ka nkhungu. Nthawi zina, kumeza kwa mycotoxins m'thupi la munthu sikungasokoneze thanzi la munthu ndi moyo wake. Zinthu zoterezi zimangowonjezera ngozi pokhapokha atagwidwa ndi khansa.
Mmene mungapewere kupanga mapangidwe a nkhungu
Kuti musatembenuzire mankhwala, kuwataya kunja chifukwa cha mapangidwe a nkhungu, muyenera kusamala kuti izo zisamawoneke konse. Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo. Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zakudya za mkaka, mankhwala ophika mikate ayenera kugulidwa mwatsopano. Musagule izo mochuluka, kuzigwiritsa ntchito mofulumira. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba akulimbikitsidwa kusungidwa mu firiji. Mutatsegula phukusi ndi madzi, gwiritsani ntchito madziwa kwa masiku awiri. Zakudya zamakaka, zonunkhira, mtedza ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira ndi owuma. Mkate wa mkate wouma mkate umapukuta nthawi zonse ndi madzi, kuwonjezera vinyo wosasa pang'ono. Mukamagula katundu, samalani nthawi yomwe amasungirako ndi maonekedwe awo. Mukawona nkhungu pamtundu, pitani mwamsanga kapena mankhwalawa kuti nkhungu zisakhudze zakudya zina.