Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amasiku ano, matenda akuluakulu amatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo matenda angapo amatha kupewedwa, kulemala komanso ngakhale imfa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, aliyense amadziwa kuti mankhwala aliwonse akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti sizinthu zonse zovulaza zomwe zingaganizidwe kuti ndizovuta. Ambiri a iwo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigawo za mankhwala ndi njira zake. Mwachitsanzo, kudzikuza ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi kumachitika ndi kumwa mankhwala opatsirana kuthamanga kwa magazi, mseru ndi kusanza zimayambitsidwa ndi maantibayotiki ena, ndikumutu kwa mutu ndi mavuto omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a psychotropic.
Kodi mankhwalawa amatha bwanji?
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi izi: kubwezeretsa khungu ndi kunyezimira, kuyabwa kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwa maonekedwe ofiira (urticaria), kutupa kwa maso ndi milomo, kupuma kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kupuma (asthma attack), mavuto ndi mawu ndi mantha (ndi kutupa kwa larynx) kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutaya chidziwitso ndi imfa. Sitikukumana ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pamtunda wa masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-10) atatha kumwa mankhwalawa ngati ululu, kutentha thupi, kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa khungu komanso kupweteka kwa impso ndi chiwindi. Koma sikuti zonsezi zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa - zina zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena momwe zimakhalira.
Kusadalira kwa maonekedwe akusavomerezeka
1. Kuyambira kukonzekera
Mmene wodwalayo alili zimakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, momwe zimakhalira m'magazi, nthawi ya mankhwala komanso nthawi zambiri zomwe amaphunzira. Komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe (mapiritsi, mafuta, jekeseni, intravenous infusions). Mwachitsanzo, matenda opatsirana ndi penicillin ndi jekeseni kapena kulowetsedwa m'mimba kungayambitse mavuto aakulu kuposa mapiritsi;
2. Kuchokera kwa wodwala mwiniwake
Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbiri yakale (atopic) ndi mbiri yobadwa. Komabe m'pofunika kudziŵa, kuti matenda ena amachititsa kuti zinthu zisawonongeke. Choncho chifukwa cha matenda a tizilombo monga mononucleosis, amoxicillin (moxifen, ogmanthin) imayambitsa kupweteka kwa khungu, ndipo pamene AIDS imayambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa sulfanilamide mankhwala.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zowonongeka ndi mankhwala
Penicillin
Penicillin ndi gulu lalikulu la maantibayotiki ndi dongosolo lomwelo. Penicillin yakale kwambiri yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali ali ndi njira yofanana yochitira (kutsegula m'mimba). Komabe, m'magulu ena a penicillin, zomwe zimachitika (makamaka cephalosporins) siziposa 15%. Ngati pali vuto lalikulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena ngakhale anaphylactic shock, kupezeka kwa ma antibodies penicillin kumayang'aniridwa ndi mayeso apadera a labotale. Pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo anali ndi vuto lalikulu m'mbuyomu, koma amafunika mlingo wachiwiri wa mankhwala kuti amenyane ndi mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndipo palibe chomwe chimathandiza ndi maantibayotiki, ndiye n'zotheka kuchepetsa kutengeka kwa penicillin mwa kukhumudwa.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso aspirin
Mankhwala ofanana ndi a chifuwa amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zamphuno, mphuno zimathamanga, kupuma pang'ono, kutupa ndi anaphylactic. Anthu omwe amavutika ndi urticaria ndi chifuwa cha mphumu amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala oterowo. Kwa odwala omwe amatenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku gulu la ossteroidal, ndithudi padzakhalanso vuto linalake la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndi bwino kuti anthu oterewa asamawatenge. Pali mankhwala atsopano odana ndi kutupa omwe si a steroid omwe ali gulu la selective inhibitors. Paracetamol ndi optalgin sizinaphatikizidwe mu gulu ili, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kayendetsedwe kawo sikanatsutsane.
Matenda opatsirana ndi ayodini
Kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana kwa X-ray kuli ndi ayodini, koma pansi pazododometsedwa za iodini yokha sizomwe zimayambira. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti sizingatheke kuti agwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu osiyana-siyana a X-ray, ngati ayodini imayambitsa kupweteka kwa khungu kwa wodwala kapena ngati ili ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ku nsomba za m'nyanja, palibe chifukwa. Anthu ena amamva kale mpweya wochepa mphindi zingapo pambuyo pa jekeseni, amakhala ndi kutukumuka, kutupa kwa phokoso ndi mantha.
Kuopsa kwa chifuwa cha anthu omwe adakhalapo kale kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kuyamba 12 maola asanatuluke mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi yopenda X-ray. Mu kliniki iliyonse, mukhoza kufufuza momwe akuyankhira kwa mankhwala, komanso kupanga mayeso owonetsa kapena osokoneza maganizo kuti akutsutseni zodandaula zanu.
Kutsekula kwa anesthetics yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mazinjini
Pali milandu pamene anesthesia ammidzi amatha kupweteka, kufooka, kutaya mtima komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mtima kwa wodwalayo. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi sizimagwira ntchito zowonongeka, ndizo zotsatira za mantha kapena zotsatira za mankhwala. Kuti muyesetse kukayikira kwanu kuti mukudwala matenda osokoneza bongo, muyenera kuyesedwa. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa matendawa pakapita ulendo wopita kwa dokotala wa mano.
Momwe mungazindikire matenda opatsirana ndi mankhwala?
Chikhalidwe cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayamba mofulumira kwambiri - mphindi pang'ono chabe mutalowa m'thupi la mankhwala. Vuto ndilo kuti odwala ambiri amatenga mankhwala angapo kamodzi. Ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa chifuwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti dokotala amvetse ngati zomwe zimachitikadi ndizovuta. Amafuna kudziwa zonse za momwe amachitira, za matenda omwe alipo kale - mbiri yonse ya matenda a wodwalayo.
N'zovuta kuzindikira chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi kuyezetsa khungu kapena kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kotero pamene mukuyamba kukayikira zovuta zowonjezereka ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mufunsane ndi wotsutsa. Ayenera kusankha njira yopitilira mankhwala. Nthawi zina kuyezetsa khungu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito allergen yokha. Mayeso oterewa akhoza kukhala owopsa ndipo amachitidwa kokha kuchipatala.