Mawu akuti "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda" amatchulidwa kuti ndi matenda, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa akhale odwala matenda a hepatitis A, B, C, D, E ndi F. Ambiri omwe amawopsa kwambiri ndi matenda a chiwindi, A komanso B. Chilombo cha hepatitis chidzakuthandizani kupeŵa mavuto a matendawa.
Zizindikiro
Chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi chimakhala ndi chithunzi chomwecho, mosasamala kanthu za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Odwala ali ndi matenda ochepa monga chimfine, kusanza, kusowa chakudya, nthawi zina ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa moyo wabwino. Zizindikiro zina ndizo:
• malungo;
• kutopa;
• ululu m'mimba;
• m'mimba.
Popeza kachilombo kamakhudza maselo a chiwindi, kawirikawiri jaundice a khungu ndi mdima wamtambo wakuda.
Chilombo cha hepatitis A
Kugonjetsedwa ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis A kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa. Vutoli limachulukitsa pamene zophika zaukhondo zimaphwanyidwa, m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowononga zosasamala. Pakati pa makulitsidwe opitirira masabata anayi, kachilomboka kamachulukira mofulumira m'matumbo ndipo imasakanizidwa ndi nyansi. Kutulutsidwa kwa kachilombo kumathera ndi mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa. Choncho, kawirikawiri pa nthawi ya matenda, wodwalayo alibe kachilombo ka HIV. Kwa anthu ena, matendawa ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo ambiri amatha kuchira popanda mankhwala apadera, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigona.
Chiwindi cha hepatitis B
Matenda ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B amapezeka pamene amapezeka mwazi wodetsedwa ndi madzi ena. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, panali maulendo ambiri otha kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV, komabe mapulogalamu amakono owonetsetsa zopereka za magazi anathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Kawirikawiri, kachilomboka kakufala pakati pa osokoneza bongo omwe amagawana singano. Gulu loopsya limaphatikizanso anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerewere, komanso ogwira ntchito zachipatala. Kawirikawiri zizindikiro za matendawa zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa nthawi yopuma yomwe imatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pafupifupi 90% mwa odwala amachira. Komabe, mu 5-10% ya matenda a chiwindi amatha kupita ku mawonekedwe osatha. Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a mphenzi a hepatitis B amawonekera mofulumira ndi zizindikiro za kuchipatala komanso kuopsa kwa chiwindi.
Chiwindi cha hepatitis C
Matendawa amapezeka mofanana ndi matenda a chiwindi a B, koma njira ya kugonana ndi yosavomerezeka. Mu 80%, matendawa amafalitsidwa kudzera mwazi. Nthawi yosakaniza imatenga masabata awiri mpaka 26. Kawirikawiri, odwala sakudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kawirikawiri, kachirombo ka HIV kamadziwika pofufuza magazi kuchokera kwa anthu abwinobwino. Kutuluka mosavuta, kachilomboka ka chiwindi ka C kamakhala kawirikawiri (mpaka 75%). Musapeze oposa 50% odwala. Pa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hepatitis A, thupi limapanga ma immunoglobulins M (IgM), omwe amatengedwanso ndi immunoglobulins G (IgG). Motero, kudziwika m'magazi a wodwala ndi IgM kumasonyeza kupezeka kwa chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a chiwindi m'mbuyomu ndipo alibe matenda, IgG idzawoneka m'magazi ake.
Mankhwala a hepatitis B
Hepatitis B ili ndi ma antigen anti-antibody omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zotheka kusiyanitsa mtundu wa matendawa kuchokera ku chitetezo champhamvu komanso kupanga katemera wothandiza.
• Mankhwala apamwamba a antigen -HBsAg - ndilo chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda omwe amatha kupezeka. Anti-HBs - ma antibodies omwe amawonekera pambuyo pochira ndikukhala nawo moyo wonse, amasonyeza matenda. Kuzindikira kosalekeza kwa HBsAg ndi mlingo wotsika wa Anti-HBs kumasonyeza kuti ali ndi matenda a chiwindi kapena kachilombo ka HIV. Antigen yapamwamba ndiyo chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a chiwindi cha B.
• Mankhwala oopsa a antigen-HHcAg - amawoneka m'maselo a chiwindi. Kawirikawiri zimawonekera pamene matendawa akufalikira, ndiyeno msinkhu wake umachepa. Chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro chokha cha matenda atsopano.
• Khungu la antigen -HbeAg - limapezeka kokha pamaso pa antigen ndikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka anthu okhudzana ndi matendawa komanso mwayi wochuluka wopita kuchipatala.
Katemera
Pakadali pano, mitundu yambiri ya kachilombo ka hepatitis C imasiyanasiyana, yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi dera la okhalamo. Kuwonjezera apo, mu zonyamulira, kachilombo kamene kangasinthe pakapita nthawi. Ndi kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kwa kachilombo m'magazi, mawonekedwe a matendawa amapezeka. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi matenda a chiwindi A ndi matenda a hepatitis B apangidwa, mothandizidwa ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha kachilomboka. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi imodzi kapena padera. Komabe, antigenic zosiyanasiyana za kachilombo ka hepatitis C zimapatula kukhala ndi katemera wotsutsa. Kupewa katemera (jekeseni wa immunoglobulins) kumathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda pogonana ndi mavairasi a hepatitis A ndi B. Kuteteza katemera kumathandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale chachikulu komanso kusintha kwachilendochi. Njira yokhayo yothandizira matenda a hepatitis C ndi kuyang'anira interferons (mankhwala osokoneza bongo), omwe nthawizonse sagwira ntchito komanso amakhala ndi zotsatira.
Zolemba
Ngati matenda a chiwindi amatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amalankhula za moyo wake wonse. Kuchuluka kwa matendawa kungakhalepo chifukwa cha kutupa kochepa mpaka ku cirrhosis, momwe maselo a chiwindi omwe amakhudzidwa amaloŵedwa m'malo ndi minofu yosagwira ntchito. Hepatitis B ndi C zili ndi zovuta pazochitika zitatu zokha. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatsatidwa ndi zizindikiro zosasamala, monga kutopa, kusowa kwa kudya ndi kuwonongeka kwa moyo wabwino popanda nthawi yodziwika bwino.
Matenda a chiwindi
Odwala ambiri samangoganiza kuti ali ndi matenda a chiwindi. Kawirikawiri matendawa amatha zaka zambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale makumi ambiri. Komabe, zimadziwika kuti kawirikawiri matenda a chiwindi amatha kukhala chiwindi ndi hepatocellular carcinoma (khansa yapachiwindi).