Ambiri mwa matenda a meningitis amayamba ndi mavairasi, ndipo matendawa amakhala ochepa. Ndi matenda a bakiteriya, vutoli limakhala loopsya makamaka kwa ana aang'ono.
Matenda afupipafupi
Mitundu itatu ya mabakiteriya monga tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachititsa 75 peresenti ya matenda onse a bacterial meningitis:
- Neisseria meningitidis, kapena meningococcus, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ana, makamaka osakwana zaka zisanu, ndi achinyamata.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae - bactriyamuyi imayambitsa chitukuko cha chibayo, komanso imayambitsa matenda a meningitis kwa ana osapitirira zaka ziwiri komanso akuluakulu.
- Haemophilus influenzae - amakhudza makamaka ana osapitirira zaka zisanu, ngakhale kuti tsopano sichidziwike chifukwa cha katemera wadziko lonse.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera, m'pofunika kudziwa khungu la matendawa. Mu meningitis, yang'anizani cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ndi magazi. Zitsanzo zomwe amapeza kuchokera kwa wodwalayo zimatumizidwa kukafufuza ku laboratori ya microbiological.
Zitsanzo za CSF
CSF imaphwanya ubongo ndi msana, ndipo kawirikawiri ndi madzi osaoneka bwino. Ngati akuganiza kuti ali ndi meningitis, sampuli ya CSF imapezedwa ndi kutsekemera kosalala, kumene singano yopanda kanthu imalowetsedwa mu danga la msana m'munsi. Smooth CSF imalimbikitsa kukayikira kwa bacterial meningitis. Chitsanzocho chimatumizidwa ku labotore.
Zitsanzo za Magazi
Mu bacterial meningitis, matendawa amalowa m'magazi ndi chitukuko cha septicemia, kotero magazi a wodwalayo amathandizidwanso ku matenda a microbiological. Pambuyo poyeretsa khungu, magazi amachotsedwa ku mitsempha. Magazi amalowetsedwa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi njira yothetsera mabakiteriya. Kuzindikira kwa bacterial meningitis kumadalira kudziwika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu CSF chitsanzo. Ndikofunika mwamsanga kuti mupeze zotsatira za kusanthula kuti mukhale ndi mankhwala okwanira nthawi yake. Mu kachipatala kameneka, antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino amalandira zitsanzo ndipo nthawi yomweyo ayamba kuphunzira kuti apereke zotsatira kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
Kuphunzira kwa CSF
Thumba ndi CSF imayikidwa mu centrifuge - makina othamanga kwambiri, omwe mkati mwake amayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti maselo ndi mabakiteriya azisungira pansi pa chubu ngati chingwe.
Microscopy
Chitsanzo cha mcherewo chimafufuzidwa pa makina oonera zinthu zowerengeka pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha leukocyte. Mu bacterial meningitis, pali kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo a CSF. Kuti azindikire mabakiteriya pazithunzi, dayi yapaderadera (kutsitsa Gram) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati zitsanzozi zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Chotsatira cha microscopy ndi madontho a Gram amauzidwa nthawi yomweyo kwa dokotala kuti athe kupereka chithandizo choyenera.
Kulima kwa CSF
Zomwe zatsala za CSF zimagawidwa pa zakudya zingapo za Petri ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha kulima mabakiteriya. CSF kawirikawiri si yofowoka, kotero kuyang'ana kwa mabakiteriya aliwonse ndi ofunikira. Kuti mulekanitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo tina, zowonjezera zakudya zam'mimba ndi zolima zimayenera. Zakudya za Petri zimayikidwa usiku wonse mu chipinda chotentha ndikuyang'ana m'mawa mwake. Kukula kwa mabakiteriya kumadetsedwa ndi Gram. Nthawi zina zimayambitsa kulima kwa tizilombo tochepa. Chitsanzo cha magazi omwe amalandira kuchokera kwa wodwala, katswiri wodziwa labu amagawira m'machubu awiri oyesera kuti alimi. Mmodzi wa iwo, zikhalidwe za aerobic kukula kwa coloni (pamaso pa oksijeni) zidzasungidwa, kwinakwake - anaerobic (mu malo ozungulira). Pambuyo pa maola 24, makonzedwe ang'onoang'ono a zinthu amachotsedwa ku chubu lililonse ndipo amamera mofanana pansi pa zofanana ndi CSF. Pali mabakiteriya alionse omwe angadziwike, amitundu komanso amadziwika. Zotsatira zake zimangotchulidwa kwa dokotala yemwe akupezekapo. Zaka zaposachedwapa, njira zapangidwira kuti ziwone matendawa ndi kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachindunji mwa CSF kapena mwazi.
Zotsatira Zofulumira
Mayendedwe a latex agglutination amachokera ku antigen-antibody reaction. Kuchita mayesowa kumathandiza kwambiri ngati wodwala wapatsidwa mankhwala opha tizilombo tisanatengedwe. Njira zachikhalidwe zimapereka zotsatira zokha patsiku, pamene mayesero amakonowa amapereka zambiri mofulumira. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa meningitis, yomwe imatha kufa.