Thupi laumunthu lingakhale malo abwino kwambiri kwa zamoyo zambiri, zambiri zomwe ziribe vuto lililonse. Komabe, ena mwa iwo akhoza kukhala owopsa. Kutenga ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungayambitse imfa.
Kutenga thupi
Zamoyo zochepa kwambiri zomwe zingayambitse matenda ndi mavairasi omwe amawonekera pokhapokha pa microscope ya electron. Amatha kuberekana mwa maselo a thupi. Kenaka amatsatira mabakiteriya ndi yisiti bowa - zamoyo zazikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonekera pogwiritsa ntchito makina oonera zinthu zakuthambo. "Owononga" akuluakulu a thupi lathu amatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mawu awa amagwirizanitsa zamoyo zosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera ku plasmodia (yosavuta, yomwe imawoneka kokha pansi pa microscope) kwa mphutsi, ntchentche, nthata ndi nsabwe, zomwe zimakhala zovuta zamoyo zambirimbiri zowonekera. Mitundu yambirimbiri ya tizilombo timatha kukhala ndi thupi la munthu kapena mkati mwake. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi opanda vuto ndipo sakuyenerera kusamala. Mbali yaikulu ya iwo amakhala pa khungu ndi tsitsi kapena m'matumbo.
Kudziwika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kufufuza kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunaphatikizapo akatswiri-a parasitologists. Ntchito yawo ndikutulukira matenda a parasitic (omwe amatchedwanso kachilombo kapena kuikidwa) ndipo amapereka chithandizo choyenera. Mankhwala ambiri, monga nthata ndi ntchentche, ndi zazikulu zokwanira ndipo amawoneka ndi maso. Zili zovuta, koma sizili zoopsa mwa iwo okha. Komabe, akhoza kunyamula matenda aakulu kwambiri. Kuzindikiranso izi ndi udindo wa parasitologists. Komanso, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chofunsira pa parasitologist ndizodziwitsa za matenda a parasitic. Mafinya sali ofala m'mayiko akumadzulo, monga nyengo ndi nyengo zing'onozing'ono zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti apitirize kufala. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chothandizira ma laboratory parasitology ndi maonekedwe achizindikiro chosamvetsetseka atabwerera kuchokera ku ulendo. Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana amatha kutsegula m'mimba, malungo ndi zina, zizindikiro zambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yofala makamaka m'mayiko osauka ndi nyengo yozizira, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha malungo ndi zakufa ku Africa chikuwoneka kuti ndi malungo; Ankylostomiasis ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamaye magazi m'thupi, ndipo kuvutika kwa anthu akuluakulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha cysticercosis (matenda opwetekedwa ndi mphutsi za tapeworms omwe amakhala mu ubongo). Matendawa amachititsa kutsegula m'mimba, zilonda zamapapu, machitidwe a mantha ndi mtima - zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana ndizomwe zimatuluka kwambiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, ziweto zakhala zikubweretsa matenda ambiri ku Ulaya, koma miyezo yowonjezera ya moyo ndi njira zowononga zaukhondo zachepetsa chiwerengero cha matenda a parasitic. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mkhalidwe wotero sudzakhalanso - mwachitsanzo, malungo ku Ulaya anachotsedwa mu 1940 okha. Pa nthawi iliyonse, imodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zingakhale zoopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zingayambitse mliri umene udzawononge anthu ambiri padziko lapansi.
Pofuna kudziwa kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana amachititsa matendawa ndi chiyani, a parasitologists amagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu. Yoyamba ndi kufunsa kozama kwa wodwala.
Mbiri yamlandu
Ambiri omwe angathe kukhala ndi tizilombo toopsa amakhala m'madera ena okha, kotero, musanapitirize kufufuza, m'pofunikanso kuti mudziwe kumene wodwalayo amakhala komanso kumene adayenda. Ndi zopanda pake kuyang'ana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amafalikira kokha ku gawo la dziko limene wodwalayo sanakhaleko.
Microscopy
Njira yachiwiri yofufuzira ndi yodabwitsa kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono. Mitundu ina yamatenda imatha kuoneka ndi maso, koma ambiri a iwo ndi ofooka kwambiri. Komabe, ndi zazikulu zokwanira kuti ziziwoneka pansi pa microscope. Parasitologists amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadera kuti azifanizira zitsanzo, koma mavitamini ambiri amawoneka popanda. Ngati wodwala akutsekula m'mimba, a parasitologists adzasanthula zojambulazo. Kuti apitirize mtundu wawo, majeremusi ayenera kuwonjezeka, chotero ngakhale iwo eniwo amakhala mkati mwa zinyama zokhalamo, mwina mazira akupezekapo.
Mayeso a Antibody
Chida chachitatu chothandiza ndi kuyesa magazi. Thupi limapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo a parasitologist amatha kuzindikira kuti pali ma antibodies m'magazi a wodwalayo. Izi zimakhala umboni wosatsutsika wa kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikukulolani kuti mudziwe bwinobwino. Malaria ndi matenda omwe amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri amachititsa imfa. Zilombozi zimapatsirana ndi kulumidwa kwa udzudzu. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikufanana ndi chimfine, ngati palibe chithandizo chomwe chingayambitse matendawa. Kuti apeze matendawa, amayesedwa magazi. Protozoa ndi zamoyo zokha, zomwe zina zimayambitsa matenda a m'mimba mwa munthu. Protozoa ngati lamblia (Giardia) ingayambitse matenda aakulu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, koma amatha kupezeka mosavuta pang'onopang'ono. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphutsi zomwe zingayambitse munthu kukhala ndi matenda a m'mimba. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi opanda vuto, koma ena akhoza kuchititsa matenda aakulu. Kusanthula kungakhale kovuta, kudziwa mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumafuna kusanthula fodya. Ngakhale kuti nyongolotsi zambiri za parasitic, monga bandworms, zimakhudza matumbo a m'mimba, mitundu ina imalowa m'thupi mwa njira zina, monga mwa khungu. Matendawa amapezeka kwa anthu oyenda, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka.