Kutulutsa mafoni a m'manja
Mikangano yokhudzana ndi radioactivity yake yakhala ikusungidwa kuyambira pakuyambika. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti kulankhulana kwa foni pamphindi 30 nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa ubongo. Ena, m'malo mwake, adawona kuwonjezeka kwa nzeru pakati pa gulu la odzipereka. Enanso amayambitsa "makampani" a makoswe ndipo adapeza kuti mu makoswe malo ochepetsetsa mlengalenga, komanso momwe amatha kuyendayenda. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti zonsezi ndizokwiyitsa. Inde, mafoni a m'manja amaloledwa tsiku ndi tsiku zaka makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri zapitazo. Ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa imfa chifukwa cha "zifukwa zosadziwika" sikuchitika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, sitiyenera kuiwala za zotsatira zosadziwika zomwe zingawoneke m'mibadwo yotsatira. Zochita za mtundu wina uliwonse wa magetsi a magetsi amatayika ndi mtunda. Ngati mutasuntha chubu 10 masentimita kuchokera pakutu, mphamvu yowonjezereka imachepetsedwa ndi chinthu cha 100. Ndi chifukwa chake kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe opanda manja pamene mukuyankhula. Ndipo osanyamula mu thumba la jekete, ndi m'thumba. Musakhale pafupi ndi TV: imatulutsa ma radiation - uwu ndi lamulo, tinakumbukira kuyambira ali aang'ono. Zoonadi, sizikudziwika zomwe makolo amaopa: kuwonetseredwa kapena kuwonedwa kosayenera kwa mapulogalamu akuluakulu. Koma zoona zatsala: tsopano timalepheretsa ana athu kuyang'ana TV. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti chisokonezo chathu sichabechabe: thupi liri pachiopsezo kuchokera ku mafilimu akale a TV ndi oyang'anira omwe ali ndi CRT (cathode ray tube). Mfundo ya CRT imachokera ku kutuluka kwa magetsi ndi kusinthana pawindo, lomwe liri ndi mapangidwe apadera. Chifukwa cha izi, kuwala koonekera kwa mawonekedwe ena amawonekera (kwenikweni, chithunzi cha mtundu chikuwonekera pazenera). Ndipotu, izi ndizithunzithunzi za X-ray, koma ndi mphamvu zochepa. Zithunzi zonse za CRT ndi oyang'anitsitsa zili ndi mipando yapadera yoteteza, yomwe imazimitsa pang'ono ma radiation owopsa.
Mafilimu ochokera ku ma TV
Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndikutenga malo a CRT TV ndi khungu kapena madzi a plasma. Pofuna kuti asawonongeke, akatswiri amalimbikitsa "kuyendetsa mtunda": kuti akhale patali osachepera 1.5 mamita kuchokera ku TV. Yesetsani kuti musakhale kumbuyo kwa ogwira ntchito oyang'anira CRT ndi ma TV, musawaike pafupi ndi makoma a konkire, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa maonekedwe a "radi". Mtunda kuchokera kumbuyo kwa mulandu ku khoma si osachepera 50 cm.
Kutsekemera kwa mavunikiro a microwave
Lingaliro la "microwave uvuni" kwenikweni siliri loona, chifukwa miyendo ya microwave imagwiritsa ntchito kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 12 (ndifupipafupi a 2.45 GHz). Mphepete mwa mkati mwake mumalowa mkati mwa chipatsocho ndikumawotcha mamolekyu a mafuta ndi madzi. Ndiye mamolekyu otenthedwa amatentha kutentha mkati mwa mbale. Kufufuza kwa nthawi yayitali za zotsatira za ma radiation kuchokera ku mavuni a microwave pa anthu sanatsimikizire ngozi yowonjezera ya khansa. Gulu la akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Trinity, ku San Antonio, ku Texas, adatha chaka ndi theka akuphunzira zotsatira za miyendo ya microwave pa zinyama. Mankhwala zana omwe ali ndi zotupa za khansa anayikidwa m'magulu a mawotchi otsekedwa, komwe adakhala akudzidzimutsa kwa miyezi 8. Ma 100 makoswe oyendetsa mmagulu amodzimodzi amawunikira ndi kuwala kwamba. Kufufuza kwa zotsatira sikunatulukire kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chitukuko cha zotupa ndi moyo wautali wa zinyama. Lekani kuwopa ndi mantha, koma musangalale ndi mwayi kuti muwotenthe kapena musatseke mbaleyo. Ndi uvuni wa microwave yogwira ntchito, pamtunda wa masentimita asanu kuchokera pamenepo, ma radiation ndi otsika pang'ono kuposa a foni ya GSM pamtunda womwewo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo timagwiritsa ntchito foni yamutu kumutu, ndipo sitidzayikira molimba ku uvuni wa microwave. Pambuyo pa ngozi ya Chernobyl patapita zaka zambiri, koma anthu akuopa mantha. Ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa ma radionuclides ena akhoza kuwonongeka kwa zaka mazana ambiri, akuyipitsa nthaka ndi madzi. Pokhala ndi ma radiation, zamoyo, ndithudi, ndizoopsa. Zomwe timachita ndizo "zowonongeka" ndi chidziwitso chokhumudwitsa cha SES chimazunza pamisika ya mizinda ikuluikulu: makilogalamu zikwi za "zonyansa" zamagetsi zimagwidwa chaka ndi chaka.
Miyezi ya mpweya
Ngati nuclear nyuzipepala kapena kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero chodutsa minofu ya tizilombo sikumayambitsa chisangalalo koma kuwonetsa ma atomu, ndiye selo yamoyo yeniyeniyo imakhala yopanda pake. Izi zimachititsa kuti pakhale magulu akuluakulu a ziwombankhanga, zomwe zimawononga maunyolo a macromolecules (mapuloteni ndi nucleic acids), omwe amachititsa kuti maselo ambiri afa, kutuluka kwa khansa komanso kusinthika kwa maselo oyenera. Mwayi wokumana nawo mu mzinda ndi chitsime champhamvu cha ma radiation ndi ochepa. Nkhani zokhudzana ndi momwe zipinda zatsopano zimapezera zidutswa za radioactive zipangizo, mwatsoka, zidakhalabe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Ndipo tsopano maziko a nyumba zatsopano zimayang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe apadera dziko lisanavomereze malowa. Koma ziwombankhanga za ngozi ya Chernobyl zimamvekanso: chaka chilichonse zoposa 100 makilogalamu a zipatso zotchedwa radioactive ndi bowa zimagwidwa kuchokera ku kugulitsa. Choncho, m'pofunikira kudya chakudya, chomwe chimathandiza kuchotsa radionuclides kuchokera m'thupi. Choyamba, izi ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi selenium, omwe ndi mankhwala othandizira, komanso amaletsa mapangidwe. Amapezeka m'nyanja yamchere, chiwindi cha ng'ombe, mazira, nsomba. Pazochokera ku zamasamba, selenium imakhala ndi tirigu wa tirigu, imakula tirigu, komanso chimanga ndi adyo. X-ray ndi mafunde amphamvu omwe amatha kupitirira mpaka mkati mwa zamoyo zilizonse. Zipangizo zamakono, mammograph kapena kompyuta tomograph - zipangizozi zimagwiritsanso ntchito ma radi ray.