Kuphatikiza pa chifuwa, zizindikiro za matenda a bronchitis osatha akhoza kukhala: kupuma kwafupipafupi - kumayambiriro kwa matendawa kumachitika kokha ndi kuchita mwakhama; Nthawi imakhala yovuta kwambiri moti zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (mwachitsanzo, kuvala); chiwopsezo chowonjezereka kwa matenda - ndi chimfine ndi matenda ena opuma, pali chizoloŵezi chofulumira kufalikira pachifuwa, kuwonjezeka kwapopu, kupuma pang'ono ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapapo; kugona, kusokoneza, kuchepa kukwanitsa kuganizira, kuphatikizapo malaise.
Kuchiza
Matenda otchedwa bronchitis nthawi zambiri amawoneka okalamba. Matendawa amapezeka 17% mwa amuna ndi 8% azimayi omwe ali ndi zaka 40 mpaka 64. Ambiri a iwo amasuta fodya.
Zimayambitsa
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a bronchitis ndi emphysema ndi utsi wa fodya. Matenda otchedwa bronchitis amatha kusamveketsedwa mwa anthu osasamala, ndipo kukula kwake kwakukulu kumagwirizana ndi nambala ya fodya yosuta tsiku lililonse. Zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni ndi kuipitsa mpweya ndi fumbi la mafakitale, koma zikhoza kukulitsa matenda omwe alipo kale. Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mu chisonyezero chachikulu chimayambitsidwa ndi chingwe chotsatirachi:
- Zozizwitsa zopangira mabala pamakoma a bronchi ndi trachea kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu; Kukulitsa kwa glands kumaphatikizapo kuchulukitsa kwambiri chinsinsi chamtunduwu, chomwe chimasiyanitsa ngati mtundu wa sputum;
- Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumabweretsa kuphulika kwa bronchi;
- Pali kuphulika kwa makoma a bronchi, komwe kumabweretsa kuunika kwakukulu kwambiri kwa kuwala kwawo.
Kuthamanga kwa bronchitis kosatha kungaperekedwe ndi kutukudzidzidwa kwakukulu kwa bronchi, kuwonjezeka kwa pusinamo, kupanga mapangidwe ndi zilonda. Kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo), komanso matenda a bronchitis, pali zizindikiro za emphysema. Emphysema wa mapapo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kusintha kosasinthika m'mapapu, kumene alveoli (air bags) akuchulukitsa kukula ndi kutaya mphamvu;
- chizoloŵezi cha kupuma chimakula mofulumira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo maonekedwe a dyspnea;
- Nthawi zambiri, emphysema imapezeka mwa osuta fodya;
- odwala ena ali ndi chibadwa choyambitsa matenda kuti apangidwe ndi emphysema.
Kukhalapo kwa chifuwa chokhazikika ndi chibwibwi chosuta fodya ndi mbiri yakale kumapangitsa kuganiza kuti akudwala matenda a bronchitis. Komabe, m'pofunika kuchotsa zina zomwe zingayambitse chifuwa chachikulu ndi mpweya wochepa - mwachitsanzo, mphumu, chifuwa chachikulu kapena khansa ya m'mapapo. Poganizira wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a bronchitis, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kupezeka:
- mpweya wochepa;
- Kuwombera kapena zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa mpweya kupita m'mapapo panthawi yachisokonezo;
- kupuma mofulumira;
- kupuma kovuta - kutengeka kwa mitsempha ndi mphuno ndi kudzoza;
- kuchepetsa chifuwa cha chifuwa mwa kudzoza;
- cyanosis - khungu la wodwalayo limawoneka bluish chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya kapena kuwonjezeka kwa mtima pamtima chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapapo (chomwe chimatchedwa mtima wamapapo).
Zosokoneza
Kudziwa matenda a bronchitis osatha kumadalira njira zotsatirazi:
- Chifuwa cha radiography sikuti nthawi zonse chidziwitso, m'zaka zoyambirira za matendawa silingathe kuzindikira zolakwika;
- mayeso a magazi - mlingo wa hemoglobini ndi kuchuluka kwa erythrocyte zowonjezereka zikhoza kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa mpweya wotsikira m'mapapo;
- electrocardiogram (ECG) - amatha kuona kuwonjezeka kwa mtima woyenera, kuchita kupopera magazi m'mapapo;
- mayesero ogwira ntchito - ankagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa voliyumu ndi mpweya wozizira, komanso mphamvu yamapapu.
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha bronchitis ndi kutha kwa kusuta. Ngakhale ali ndi matenda aakulu, nthawi zambiri amachepetsa chifuwa. Zotsatira zina zowopsya, monga kuipitsa mpweya ndi fumbi la mafakitale, ziyenera kupeŵedwanso.
Mankhwala
Pali magulu angapo a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa:
- bronchodilators. Kukonzekera kwa gululi (salbutamol, ipratropium bromide) kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa bronchi, komwe kumapangitsa kupuma bwino. Amagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri ndipo amavomerezedwa bwino ndi odwala ngati mazira a poizoni;
- corticosteroids. Pewani kusintha kwa kutupa. Osati odwala onse amamvera mankhwala a corticosteroids. Komabe, ngati mayendedwe a prednisolone kwa masiku 2-3 amachititsa kuchepa kwa dyspnea, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito steroids amatha kutchulidwa. Mlingo woyenera wa steroid wosakaniza ndi wochepa kuposa mapiritsi, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatira zake;
- maantibayotiki. Mu matenda opatsirana opatsirana, antibiotic imayikidwa kuti itetewe mavuto m'mapapo. Chithandizo chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chiyambe pamene sputum ikuwoneka yachikasu kapena yobiriwira;
- kupewa matenda. Mu matenda a bronchitis, ndikofunika kuti musanyalanyaze pachaka
- katemera wodwala matenda a chimfine, chifukwa matendawa amachititsa kuti pakhale matenda opatsirana;
- mankhwala okosijeni. Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi kupweteka kwakukulu m'mapiritsi okhudzana ndi matenda opuma. Powonongeka kwakukulu kwa matenda a bronchitis, ocongenatherapy yaitali, yomwe imayendetsedwa nthawi yonse (ngakhale pogona), ikhoza kuthandizira kuchepetsa kupuma pang'ono ndikupangitsa odwala kukhalapo.
Mankhwala ena
Njira zotsatirazi zingathandizenso mkhalidwe wa bronchitis:
- Physiotherapy - amalimbikitsa kutukuta kwachibwibwi;
- Kutentha kwa mpweya - kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lopweteka, lomwe limawombera;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - kupanga chilakolako cha wodwala kuti azichita masewero olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kuchepetsa kupuma ndi kutopa;
- mpweya wothandizira wa mapapo - ngati matendawa akufalikira kumbuyo kwa chiwopsezo chachikulu, mpweya wapadera ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito (pamene vuto lopuma limakhala loopsya).
Poyamba matendawa, zizindikiro zikhoza kuwonetsedwa pang'ono. Wodwala ali ndi chifuwa chokhala ndi sputum. Ngati musiya kusuta panthawi imeneyi, sipangakhale matenda omwe amatha kusintha komanso ngakhale kusintha kwa kutupa kwa bronchi kumakhala kosalekeza. Ndi mtundu waukulu wa bronchitis ndi kupitirira kwa kusuta fodya, chiwerengero cha matenda opatsirana amapuma, chomwe chingakhale chovuta ndi chibayo ndi kupuma kwake. Kuopsa kwa imfa kuchokera ku bronchitis osasuta omwe amasuta fodya ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi omwe osuta fodya. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya matenda, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu a kupuma amamwalira patatha zaka zisanu chiyambi cha matendawa, koma matendawa amakula bwino. Kufa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpweya. Tsopano tikudziwa momwe kupweteka kwa matendawa, kupweteka kwa matendawa, kukupitirirabe.