Mafuta a azitona ndiwo masamba omwe amachokera ku zipatso za mtengo wa azitona. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pophika kuphika, komanso amafunikira zodzikongoletsera, popeza ndi opindulitsa kwambiri thupi. Pulofesa wina wa ku Roma, dzina lake Pliny, nthawi ina anati: "Pali zakumwa ziwiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Wamkati ndi vinyo, kunja ndiko mafuta. " Za maolivi ndi mafuta a azitona zimathandiza, ndipo zidzakambidwa pansipa.
Chiyanjano cholimba pakati pa mtengo wa azitona ndi zipatso zake kuchokera kuzipembedzo ndi zochitika zadziko chawonetsedwa m'mabuku ambiri - zolemba ndi ntchito za luso. Kuyambira kale, panali miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri - maholide a "golidi wamadzi." Ngakhale m'Baibulo, Nowa adatumiza njiwa kuti akawone ngati pali malo aliwonse owuma kwinakwake, koma adabwerera, atanyamula nthambi ya azitona pamlomo wake. Kuchokera pa miyambo ya anthu osiyanasiyana, kufotokozedwa kwa "dziko lolonjezedwa" kumadziwikanso, kumene mphesa, nkhuyu ndi mitengo ya azitona zinakula. Nthambi ya azitona inali chizindikiro cha mtendere, ndiyeno chuma.
M'maseŵera a Olimpiki, nthambi ya azitona inayamba kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kupambana. Kale ku Roma, azitona zinali chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Panthawi imeneyo, makamaka anachokera ku Spain.
Hippocrates analangiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a ukhondo. Agiriki anapanga sopo woyamba, kusakaniza talc, phulusa ndi madontho pang'ono a maolivi. Aarabu amapanga kachipangizo kameneka ndi mafuta otentha ndi phulusa. M'zaka za m'ma XI ku Marseilles, Genoa ndi Venice anayamba kupanga sopo weniweni pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Sopo yolimba sapangidwe kokha m'zaka za zana la XVIII. Komabe, sopo opangidwa ndi mafuta a azitona anali okwera mtengo.
Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny ndi ena ochiritsa akale adadziwanso machiritso apadera a machiritso, ndipo adawatcha matsenga. Kafukufuku wamakono ambiri amatsimikizira kuti mafuta a azitona amafunikira. Tsopano chowoneka choyerachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga gawo lalikulu la chakudya ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.
Zimadziwika kuti, chifukwa cha mankhwala, maolivi ndi maolivi ndi gawo la mankhwala okwana 473. M'mbuyomu, mafuta a maolivi ankawonekeratu kuti ndiwo njira yabwino kwambiri yotikita minofu. Koma ntchito yoyamba yeniyeni yeniyeni yokhudza sayansiyi, inayamba kuthana ndi asayansi mu 1889 ku France. Iwo ankanena kuti amber madzi amachititsa kusungunuka kwa asidi mmimba. Patapita zaka makumi asanu, mu 1938, nkhani ina ya sayansi inanena kuti mphamvu za azitona ndi maolivi zimatha kuyeretsa ndulu.
Mafuta onsewa ndi machiritso ena a maolivi amatsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe ake. Sichibwerezabwereza ndipo chimadalira mtundu wa azitona, zokolola za chaka, dera ndi zina zambiri.
Kuchokera ku Greece, mafuta a maolivi amafalikira ku Mediterranean. Ampando achiroma anayamba kubzala mitengo ya azitona m'dera la ufumuwo. Zonse za kumpoto kwa Africa zinali ndi minda. Kenaka zinali za asilikali a ku Spain. Iwo anali a prikozano ndithudi atenge mbewu za azitona. Motero, m'zaka za m'ma 1600, azitona anawoloka nyanja ya Atlantic ndipo anakhazikika ku Mexico, Peru, Chile ndi Argentina.
Mtengo wa maolivi ndi maolivi
Dziko lapansi lakhala likuzoloŵera kwa mafuta otengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso za mtengo wa azitona. Masiku ano, mayiko atatu ndi atsogoleri mu "golidi wamadzi" padziko lonse lapansi - Spain, Italy ndi Turkey. M'masitolo ku US, Japan ndi Russia, omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri ndi maolivi a ku Spain ndi maolivi. Mitengo ya azitona yomwe ili pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Tunisia ndi yapamwamba kwambiri moti ngakhale a ku Spain amawagula. Ku France, azitona zimakula makamaka ku dera la Nice. Pali mitengo pafupifupi 1500 yomwe ikukula kumeneko.
Dziko | Kupanga (2009) | Kugwiritsa ntchito (2009) | Avereji pachaka pachakudya (makilogalamu) |
Spain | 36% | 20% | 13.62 |
Italy | 25% | 30% | 12.35 |
Greece | 18% | 9% | 23.7 |
Turkey | 5% | 2% | 1.2 |
Syria | 4% | 3% | 6th |
Tunisia | 8% | 2% | 9.1 |
Morocco | 3% | 2% | 1.8 |
Portugal | 1% | 2% | 7.1. |
USA | 8% | 0.56 | |
France | 4% | 1.34 |
Ubwino wa Zaumoyo
Mafuta a azitona ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, choncho mafuta ambiri otsika amakhalapo. Ndi wolemera mu linoleic, oleic acid, vitamini E, phosphorous, chitsulo, mapuloteni, mchere. Mafuta a azitona ali olemera mu mafuta a polyunsaturated acids ndi monounsaturated osafunika kwambiri mafuta acids. Koma osati ma acidi awa okha amapereka mankhwala a machiritso a maolivi. Zomwe zili ndi lipids zosapindulitsa zimathandizanso. Mu mafuta omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu (mpendadzuwa, chimanga, rapeded), palibe mankhwala omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amachititsa kuti ziwonongeko zambiri za mafutawa ziwonongeke. Mafuta a azitona, pamapeto pake, ali ndi zinthu zabwino zambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zina:
- Sterols - lekani kutengera kwa cholesterol kuchokera m'mimba;
- Tocopherols - ali ndi katundu wa antioxidants;
- Terpenes, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa bile zimagwira;
- carotene , yomwe imakhalanso ndi antioxidant;
- phospholipids - zigawo zazikulu za selo nembanemba, makamaka, neuronal nembanemba;
- mahomoni a estrogenic;
- Vitamini A , wotchedwa antioxidant;
- Vitamini D, omwe amachititsa kuti calcium iyambe m'matumbo;
- flavonoids , zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa okosijeni;
- Chlorophyll , yomwe imapatsa maolivi ndi maolivi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo imayambitsa kukula kwa maselo, makamaka maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi leukocyte.
Zinaoneka kuti mafuta a azitona amawathandiza kwambiri pochiza komanso kupewa matenda a mtima. Zingathe kuchepetsa kukula kwa "zoipa" ndi kuwonjezera "cholesterol" zabwino, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya okosijeni yazamasamba, kumasula mphamvu ya magazi, kuwonjezera kukomoka kwa makoma a mitsempha ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha thrombosis. Mafuta a azitona amachepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mbewa zomwe anadya mafuta azitona zimakhala zaka zambiri kuposa izo. Amene amadyetsa kapena mafuta a chimanga kapena mafuta a mpendadzuwa. Chimodzimodzinso ndi anthu: pachilumba cha Krete, kumene anthu am'dera lawo amagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mafuta a azitona, miyezo ya moyo ndi imodzi mwa apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Asayansi a ku America asonyeza kuti ngati mumamwa supuni ya mafuta tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta ena panthawi, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere chidzachepetsedwa ndi 45%. Zofufuza zachitika kwa zaka 4. Iwo adapezekapo ndi amayi oposa 60,000 a zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 76. Asayansi achi Greek anapeza kuti pakagwiritsira ntchito supuni 3 za mafuta a azitona tsiku ndi tsiku, chiopsezo cha nyamakazi ya nyamakazi imachepetsedwa ndi 2.5.
Zina mwa ubwino wa maolivi ndi maolivi
- Zimathandiza m'mitima ya mtima, zimapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale bwino, chimakhala ndi chiwindi.
- Zimakhudza kwambiri khungu.
- Amathandizira mabala otseguka, otuluka magazi pakhungu.
- Zingachepetse kupanga mapangidwe. Zilondazi zimafalikira usiku uliwonse posachedwa.
- Kwa matenda a khutu, matani ndi mmero, tenthe mafuta a maolivi mu kusamba kwa enamel ndi madzi ndikusakaniza ndi mafuta (1: 3). Chisakanizocho chimatsanuliridwa mu thumba atakulungidwa mu nsalu ya thonje ndi kuikidwa pa khosi. Mabanki ndi kugwira mphindi 15.
- Poyeretsa m'mimba, zimalimbikitsa kumwa supuni imodzi ya maolivi opanda kanthu m'mimba.
- Ngati mumayenda kwambiri masana, ndipo miyendo yanu ikutopa - pangani phazi lopaka mafuta ndi mafuta a mandimu.
- Pochotsani maulendo anu, gwiritsani adyo odulidwa ndi mafuta.
- Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwotcha, sakanizani supuni 2 za mafuta a azitona ndi dzira limodzi azungu ndi mafuta omwe akukhudzidwa.
- Odwala ndi matenda a chiwindi a C amafunika nthawi yaitali m'mawa uliwonse kutenga supuni ya tiyi ya mafuta a azitona ndi kutsuka pakamwa panu ndi chidutswa cha mandimu.
Ngakhale kuti ndizokoma komanso zathanzi, mafuta a azitona ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kuphika, poto kapena kapu yopanda fungo sayenera kukwiya kwambiri, chifukwa mafuta amatha kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino ndipo amakhala owawa.
Maphikidwe odzola ndi azitona ndi mafuta
Mfumukazi yokongola ya kuigupto ku madzi ndi mafuta. Malingaliro ena odzola angakwaniritsidwe lero:
- Kusunga chigoba chokongola cha mkuwa chamakono 4 a makapu a suntan lotion, ufa, 1/2 chikho mkaka, supuni ya uchi ndi spoonful mafuta. Chigoba chimapangidwa pamaso ndi pamutu, pamene kumatentha. Chotsani icho pambuyo pa mphindi 10 ndikutsuka nkhope ndi madzi ofunda.
- Tsitsirani tsitsi: 1 dzira yatsopano yolk yothira madzi a mandimu, kenaka yikani mafuta a maolivi. Chigoba ichi ndi choyenera cha tsitsi louma.
- Kuti mano onyezimira aziyera: Konzani chisakanizo cha madontho angapo a maolivi ndi mchere wa m'nyanja. Misozi imasakaniza izi ndikusambitsa bwino.
- Kusamba ndi kuwonjezera kwa madontho ochepa a maolivi kumathandiza khungu la thupi, kulimbitsa misomali, yomwe imasweka mosavuta.
- Ndi zilonda zooneka phungu pakatha mimba, yambani kupukutira mafuta, kukulunga thupi ndi thaulo lofunda ndi kutsuka pambuyo pa mphindi khumi.
- Kwa manja okongola: onetsetsani kwa mphindi 10 ndi mbatata zowonongeka, kenako muzimutsuka ndi madzi otentha, ndiye mwapang'onopang'ono misala mafutawo.
- Pofuna kupewa kupukuta khungu , lolani manja anu mu theka la ora mu mafuta a maolivi otentha, kenaka muzipaka kuchokera ku dongo ndi maolivi.
- Ngati muli ndi khungu louma , sakanizani kernel ya avokosi ndi mafuta ndipo mupange maski pamaso. Pambuyo pa mphindi 20 tsambani ndi madzi ofunda.
- Pamene makwinya - sakanizani madzi a mandimu imodzi ndi supuni ziwiri za maolivi ndipo mosakanizika musani nkhopeyo kawiri pa sabata musanagone.
- Kuti mukhale ndi khungu lofewa nthawi zonse , perekani mafutawo musanayambe kusamba.
- Kuthana ndi mankhwalawa: Sakanizani azitona pang'ono ndi mafuta odzola, kenaka mutenge msuzi wonse pa tsitsi lanu ndipo mutatha mphindi 20 mutsuke.
- Ndikongola, tsitsi lowala: kusakaniza yolk imodzi, madzi a mandimu imodzi, theka la galasi la mowa ndi supuni imodzi ya mafuta. Tsitsirani tsitsi la mphindi zisanu musanagwiritse ntchito shampoo.