Ngati muli ndi mtima wodwala kapena shuga, musanayambe kuchita mazinyo opatsirana ndi anesthesia, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Ndondomeko zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pano zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri kwa wodwala kuposa mankhwala popanda anesthesia. Koma, panthawi imodzimodziyo, anesthhesia yambiri ikhoza kulemetsa kwambiri thupi. Amagwiritsidwira ntchito panthawi zovuta kwambiri.
Wachigawo, chigawo kapena wamba?
Anesthesia wamba akuchitidwa ndi dokotala wamankhwala pomwepo pa malo a opaleshoni. Cholinga cha mtundu uwu wa anesthesia ndicho kusokoneza kupweteka kumayambitsa dongosolo la mitsempha ndi chithandizo cha anesthetics. Kulowera kumeneku kumasokonezeka pamalo omwe amavutitsa. Ubongo umangolepheretsa ululu pamtunda wa mitsempha. Pa nthawi yomweyo mumamva kuti mukukhudza, mumamva ndikuzindikira zonse zomwe zikukuchitikirani.
Anesthesia ya m'derali kawirikawiri imachitidwa ndi munthu wodwala matenda a anesthesiologist. Mankhwala am'deralo amalowetsedwa m'dera lanu, kutali kwambiri ndi malo opaleshoni. Mmalo mwa mitsempha kapena mitengo ya mitsempha mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mwachindunji pamtsempha wa msana. Mtundu uwu wa anesthesia ndi, mwachitsanzo, kutsekedwa kwa msana m'magazi. Ndiye mbali yonse ya m'munsi ya thupi imataya mphamvu, pamene munthuyo amakhalabe mu chidziwitso chathunthu. M'mayendedwe a mano, mtundu wa anesthesia uwu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri, makamaka ndi kuvulala kwakukulu kwa maxillofacial.
Anesthhesia wamba ndi chikhalidwe chonse chosadziwa. Thupi logwira ntchito limakhudza ubongo, kutsegula kwathunthu mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magalimoto. Mankhwala oterewa angaperekedwe kokha ndi katswiri wodziŵa kupatsa thanzi komanso kliniki yapadera. Mankhwala a anesthesia ambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma palibe njira ina yotulukira.
Kupweteka kwachisoni
Anesthesia ammidzi akuchitidwa pothandizidwa ndi wodwalayo. Anesthhesia wambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mayesero opaleshoni ya mano. Dokotala wamankhwala amaganiza njira ya anesthesia, malingana ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni ndi thanzi la wodwalayo. Kawirikawiri, madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo am'deralo, omwe amasokoneza mitsempha ya m'mitsempha m'dera limene likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Choncho, mankhwala amodzi a dzino limodzi kapena gulu la mano angapo, nthawi zina dera lalikulu - mwachitsanzo, 1/4 mwa mano onse, amachitidwa. Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi novocaine. Amaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a jekeseni ndipo amalepheretsa malingaliro opweteka mu malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe choopsa cha kuwonjezera pa zovuta chifukwa cha kuchepa kochepa kuti tipeze anesthesia. Zoona, kuti mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndizopadera. Kwa wina, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, koma kwa munthu wopanda pake. Mankhwala a antiesthetics a m'dera lanu amatha kugwira bwino ntchito, koma ali ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala.
Jekeseni imayamba kuchita mofulumira, mphindi zochepa mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Pokonza chithandizo, dokotala amayambitsa mfundo yomwe amachititsa kuti anesthesia ichitike. Anesthesia amachititsa kuti musamve kupweteka panthawi ya opaleshoni komanso kwa kanthawi mutatha opaleshoni. Izi ndizofunikira, mwachitsanzo, pochotsa mitsempha ku dzino, zomwe zimayambitsa ululu waukulu zikayikidwa pakati pa dzino.
Monga mu maloto
Mankhwala a antiesthesia samagwira ntchito pempho la wodwalayo. Komabe, palinso anthu omwe ali pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi amalola dokotala kuti azichita njira iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, ndithudi, chiri mu kuwopa kwawo dokotala wa mano. Mtundu uwu wa anesthesia nthawi zonse umachitika pa ntchito ya opaleshoni ya maxillofacial. Imeneyi ndi njira yowonongeka, mwachitsanzo, pamene pakufunika kupanga kapangidwe kakang'ono kapena njira zina zothandizira.
Ndi mankhwala ambiri a anesthesia, mankhwala ambiri omwe ali ndi mbiri zochitira ntchito zosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa wodwalayo kugona osamva kupweteka, chifukwa pali kusangalala kwathunthu. Mankhwala osakaniza omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotchedwa analgesic effect ndi nitrous oxide (N2O). Mankhwala ena ndi ovuta kwambiri mankhwala. Amagwiritsa ntchito anesthésia ndi mabotolo (amachititsa kugona), komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi minofu (kuthetsa ululu).
Opaleshoni yopangidwa ndi anesthesia ambiri amafuna antchito angapo: katswiri wa anesthesiologist ndi anamwino. Mankhwala a anesthesia (zipangizo zamagetsi, mankhwala owerengeka, komanso ndalama zina zowonjezereka ngati zovuta zosayembekezereka) zikufunikanso. Sikuti nthawi zonse njirazi zimachitika mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, nthawi zina basi mu mpando wa mano mu ofesi ya mano. Komabe, ngati ntchito yaikulu mu opaleshoni ya menyo, opaleshoni ndi yosavuta.
Panthawi ya opaleshoniyi, pochita opaleshoni yaikulu, komanso pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, pamakhala ntchito yowunika kwambiri ya wodwalayo (mwachitsanzo, ECG, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupuma kwa oxygen, kutuluka kwa carbon dioxide, kuchuluka kwa anesthesia, kutayika kwa magazi), kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oyenera ndi madzi. Matenda omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri m'kati mwa anesthesia ndi mseru ndi kusanza pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndithudi, kanthawi. Komanso, pangakhale kusinthika mu chidziwitso, moyenera, nthawi yowonjezera ikhoza kupitilizidwa. Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti anesthesia ndi njira yachipatala, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala zovuta za mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Zomwe zimasiyana ndi anesthesia
Osati odwala onse amafuna kulandira mano a mano, mwachitsanzo, pakudza mano. Ali ndi malo okwera kwambiri olekerera ululu omwe samangowafuna basi. Palinso milandu imene anthu amadandaula kuti anesthetics sagwira ntchito pa iwo. Iwo amaganiza kuti mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama, komabe, izi siziri choncho. Nthawi zambiri, izi zikhoza kuchitika, mwatsoka - kuti kulephera kupirira kwa wodwalayo wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kutupa. Kumalo komwe kutukuka kumapangidwira, kuchepetsa thupi kumagwira ntchito, komwe kumakhala chifukwa cha pH yochepa m'dera lotentha. Dokotala wamankhwala amatha kudutsa dera loyaka moto pafupi ndi mano, ndikupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'madera onse oyandikana nawo.
Tiyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zonse zomwe zimachitidwa ndi anesthesia zimadalira kukhudzidwa kwa umunthu. Aliyense wa ife amachitira mosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Mfungulo mu nthenda iliyonse yowopsya ndiyo chifukwa choti palibe kupweteka. Nthawi zina kupweteka kwa thupi kumatayika mwamsanga pambuyo pa opaleshoniyo, ndipo ululu umamveka ndi mphamvu yatsopano. Ngati izi zitachitika maola angapo mutapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wa menyu, pamene wodwalayo anachitidwa opaleshoni ndi anesthesia, mumayenera kutenga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti asamve kupweteka. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kudzimva chisoni pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mano nthawi zambiri kumaganizo. Anthu amadana ndi ululu, makamaka mano. Zikuwoneka ngati zosakhululukidwa.
Odwala "apadera" - amayi apakati ndi ana
Azimayi ayenera kufufuza bwinobwino ngati chithandizo cha mano n'chofunika. Ndikofunika kuyanjana ndi otsogolera azimayi. Ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi pakamwa pake, ndiye kuti ndi kofunika kuti muwathandize. Ndipotu, kukhalapo kwawo kungayambitse matenda a systemic, owopsa kwambiri kwa mwanayo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti amayi onse omwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kukhala okonzeka bwino komanso ochiritsidwa mano, osati chifukwa chakuti abambo ali oopsa. Mankhwala opatsirana m'mimba amathandizidwa kwa amayi apakati ndi ndalama zochepa kuti asavulaze mwanayo. Koma mphamvu zawo ndizochepa. Mayi wodwala nthawi zambiri amayenera kupirira ululu pochiritsa mano. Koma ndibwino kuti mwana akhale wodalirika kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ana amakhalanso ndi odwala "apadera," chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaopa ngakhale mtundu umodzi wa madokotala. Nthawi zambiri anesthesia am'derali komanso amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa mavuto omwe ali ndi mkaka ndi mano okhazikika. Ngati anawo sakhala odzichepetsa, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri dokotala sangathe kuchita chilichonse. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito anesthesia kusiyana ndi kumufotokozera mwanayo kuti asamapanikize ndi kumukonzera mantha akuchezera dokotala wa mano. Ngati mukusowa mankhwala ambiri a anesthésia, madokotala a mano amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ogona, jekeseni wodwalayo kapena mwa inhalation. Kokha kawirikawiri, anesthesia imayikidwa mkati mwa mitsempha (ndipo izi zimayambira ntchito ya munthu wodwala matenda opatsirana pogonana kwa akuluakulu).
Kusamala
Nthawi zonse, musanachite ndondomeko yoyenera kapena yachigawo ya anesthesia, muyenera kuyesa mayeso. Ngati muli ndi matenda musanapite kwa dokotala wamanja, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu. Ntchito yofunika pano ikuwonetsedwa ndi mkhalidwe wa thanzi lanu. Nthawi zina, zoyezetsa zina ndizofunikira pamaso pa opaleshoni ya anesthesia. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a mtima ayeneradi kudutsa electrocardiogram. Kawirikawiri, madokotala a mano amayenera kuyesa kachitidwe ka magazi, chifukwa anthu ena ali ndi magazi ochuluka kwambiri pambuyo pochotsa dzino. Sichikuwonetsa thanzi labwino, komabe chikhoza kupangitsani njira yakuchira pambuyo pa opaleshoni. N'kofunikanso kuti wodwalayo asakhale ndi chifuwa chachikulu kwa mankhwala am'deralo, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa kwambiri. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nthawi zina anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingatanthauzidwe ngati chifuwa. Komanso, zizindikiro zina nthawi zina zimasokoneza, monga kulawa, masomphenya kapena ngakhale kutaya chidziwitso.
Monga mwa mankhwala ambiri, monga mukudziwa, zinthu zingachitike, ndipo kwa madokotala a mano - anesthetists ayenera kukhala okonzekera chirichonse. Ofesi iliyonse ya ubongo iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pakakhala modzikonda. Komabe, ngati mankhwala okwanila amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina opanga mano, anesthesia idzachitidwa opanda zotsatira ndipo idzakhala nayo yoyenera. Ndiponsotu, kupindula kwakukulu ndiko kusowa kwa ululu.