Tsopano aulesi okha sanamve za sushi. Ngakhale anthu ambiri ali ndi lingaliro laling'ono kwambiri ponena za mbale iyi. Pomwepo, mawu akuti "sushi" ndi osakaniza a mpunga ndi ndiwo zamasamba zokutidwa ndi nsomba zofiira ndi zouma zowonongeka, kumizidwa msuzi wa soya kapena wasabi. Koma mbale iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri, ili ndi njira zambiri zokonzekera ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Ngati mumatchula kwina kulikonse zakudya za Japanese - Sushihi adzakhala "kuyitana" kwake.
Mbiri ya dzikolo
Chiyambi cha mbiriyakale ya dzikoli chidalipobe m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC ku Southeast Asia. Nsombazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu machitini - zamchere ndi zowonjezera - ndi mpunga ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndipo zinali zofunikira (ndipo nthawi zonse) zomwe zimapezeka puloteni mu zakudya. Iye anaphimba mbale zonse zachikhalidwe pa tebulo. Pambuyo pa kutuluka, nsombazo zinasungidwa mu mpunga, kotero kuti chilengedwe chidachitika m'mbewu, ndikuthandizira kusunga nyama yatsopano. Pang'onopang'ono anaonekera ndi mitundu yoyamba ya zushi zamakono. Zoona, ndiye kuti sizinali zofala kwambiri. Chakudya ichi chinabadwa chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya fermenting mpunga kwa miyezi iwiri, kenako nsombazo zimalandira kukoma kwake, ndi mpunga - wapadera.
Zokongola ngati zikhoza kuoneka, mbale iyi inayamikiridwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Japan m'zaka za m'ma 8 BC. Ndiye anamutcha dzina lakuti Zushi ndipo adadziwika kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Muromachi. Mtundu uwu wa sushi unawonongedwa panthawi imene nsombazo zinali zophikidwa, ndipo mpunga wophika sunathere. Choncho sushi yakhala imodzi mwa mbale zazikulu m'makampani opanga zophikira ku Japan. Pambuyo pake, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mpunga wolimirira, mpunga unayamba kusakaniza vinyo wosasa ndipo sungagwirizane ndi nsomba, komanso ndi zamasamba komanso zowonjezera. Ndipo lero mu dera lirilonse ku Japan akadali kusungira maphikidwe awo ndi kukoma kopadera, kupanga maphikidwe osiyanasiyana a sushi abwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi kuwatumiza iwo kwa mibadwo yambiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene Tokyo inali yaikulu kwambiri ya malonda, magulu a anthu ogulitsa malonda anali osakayika, kumene amapezeka mapepala atsopano, monga nigiri-zushi, omwe nsombazo zinkaphatikizapo nyanja. Anachokera kwa iye pambuyo pake ndipo anapita ku njira zofunikira zothandizira sushi. Chitatha chivomezi chachikulu ku Kanto mu 1923, ophika odziwa ntchito okonzekera nigiri-zushi anafalikira ku Japan, nthawi yomweyo ataya ntchito zawo. Kotero, kumadera ambiri akumidzi, chophimba cha sushi chinabweretsedwa momwe ife tikuchidziwira tsopano.
M'zaka za m'ma 80, pamene akudziwitsa za kupindula kwa thanzi, sushi yakhala imodzi mwa mbale zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poyamba, ambuye ozindikira okha amadziwa kuti akhoza kupanga sushi, yomwe inali yamtengo wapatali wa golidi. Koma patapita nthawi, pakufika makina a sushi, kulemera kwakukulu kunabweretsa luso losasuntha la eni nthaka, ndipo kupanga ndi kugulitsa sushi kunapezeka kwa anthu ambiri m'mayiko onse.
Mitundu ya nthaka
Pa mawu akuti "sushi" anthu ambiri amaganiza nsomba zofiira. Koma izi siziri choncho. Ndipotu, ngati mupita ku chipika cha Sushi ya ku Japan ndikuyang'ana zophika nsomba, ndi ochepa okha omwe adzakhala ndi nsomba zosakaniza. Koma ngakhale ngati ikuwoneka yaiwisi, adayambiranso kuyendetsa phokoso, kuika blanching, akulowa mumasewero apadera ndi kuzizira. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimachitidwa ndi nsomba musanafike sushi.
Choyamba, sushi ndi luso. Nazi ena mwa mitundu yotchuka ndi yotchuka ya sushi:
- Sashimi: Nsomba zabwino kwambiri zodulidwa zimatengedwa mu mawonekedwe okongola. Nsomba yaiwisi, yophika kapena yam'chitini imadulidwa mu magawo 3-5. Kawirikawiri amatumikira ndi msuzi wa wasabi ndi ginger.
- Nigiri: nsomba zimatumikiridwa ndi mpunga ngati mipira, nthawi zina ndi nori yokazinga (mtundu wa algae). Sayansi yamakono yophika mbale iyi ikukhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa mpunga ndi nsomba ndi kukonzanso kukoma kwawo ndi maonekedwe okongola. Ntchito imodzi ili ndi mipira iwiri.
- Gunkan Nigiri: Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya nigiri. Gunkan amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Japan monga "pa boti". Dzina la dziko ili likuchokera ku njira yokonzekera, momwe chimangiriro chachikulu ndi mpunga, zodzala mu mawonekedwe a ngalawa. Mitundu itatu yaikulu ya nthaka ndi Gunkan, Irkur ndi Yuni. Utumiki umodzi uli ndi magawo awiri.
- Hosomaki: nsomba zochepetsedwa ndi mpunga pang'ono. Gulu lakunja liri ndi nori. Gawo la homosaki nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi magawo 6.
- Futomaki: shuga wandiweyani wotsekemera ssuji wadzaza ndi zowonjezera zambiri, mbali zake ndizokulu kwambiri. Ntchito imodzi ili ndi zidutswa 4 mpaka 10.
- Yuramaki: mtundu uwu wa sushi ndi wotchuka kwambiri mu sushi bars of America. Ena amanena kuti izi ndi chifukwa chakuti algae amabisika mkati mwa mpukutuwo, ndipo kuyamba okonda sushi sadzakhala "okhudzidwa" ndi zoyenera kudya. Ntchito imodzi ili ndi ma 6 kapena 8 ma PC.
- Zolinga: Simihi yophimbidwa ndi algae, yomwe imadyedwa ndi manja, ngati ayisikilimu. Mbali imodzi ili ndi khonasi yodzaza ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Sushi mphamvu yamtengo
Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi ndalama zochuluka ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito imodzi ya sushi? Mwamwayi, ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri wa sushi - izi si chakudya, chifukwa choti mukhoza kulemera. Kulimbitsa ndi mpunga, makomedwe ovuta, ngakhale gawo lokhazikika la nthaka lingakhale chakudya chamtundu wathanzi, osasiya kusindikizidwa kosatha ndi kotheka pa chiwerengero chanu.
Inde, nsomba zosafunika kwambiri za calorie nthawi zambiri zimaiwalika mopanda chilungamo. Mtundu umodzi wa sushi ukhoza kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyana siyana, choncho, zimakhala ndi zakudya zokhudzana ndi kalori, mafuta, mavitamini komanso mapuloteni. Koma kawirikawiri, sushi ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi chakudya chamagetsi.
Zaka zaposachedwapa, sushi yakhala yotchuka kwambiri, koma pozungulira mbale iyi pali mafunso ambiri okhudza thanzi labwino la kudya izi zokoma. Zambiri mwazofunikira mu sushi ndi zathanzi kwambiri. Nsomba ndizofunikira kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso calcium. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mlingo waukulu wa mapuloteni, yesani tiyi. Nsomba yaikulu yamchere, monga salimoni, ndi imene imakhala ndi omega-3 fatty acids. Nsomba yatsopano ndi chakudya chabwino ndi mbiri yabwino. Sushi mu mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni ndi otsika kwambiri ya zakudya zakuya m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi. Sushi ndi chakudya chabwino kuposa nyama zakutchire, zokhala ndi mafuta odzaza. Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba za m'nyanja zimakhala zolemera kwambiri pa omega-3 fatty acids, zomwe ndizofunika kuti zakudya zathanzi zikhale zofunika, popeza thupi la munthu silingapangidwe bwino. Omega-3 fatty acids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso othandiza kwambiri ndi DHA ndi EPA, omwe pamodzi ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka mu mafuta a maolivi angathandize kwambiri thanzi lanu kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
Nsomba zokazinga, zomwe nsomba zimakulungidwa, ndizofunika zina za mapuloteni ndi calcium. Kuwonjezera apo, amapereka mavitamini osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mitundu 10 ya vitamini C. Izi "envelopu" ya algae imakhalanso ndi zakudya zabwino. Msuzi wa Wasabi uli ndi mabakiteriya abwino kwambiri, komanso uli ndi vitamini C.
Ziyeneranso kuti sushi ingakuthandizeni ngati mutatopa komanso mutasweka ngati muli ndi maganizo ovutika maganizo kapena kupweteka mutu. Chifukwa cha ichi chikhoza kukhala kuphwanya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Pakuti iodine, selenium ndi magnesium ndizofunika. Popeza kuti ayodini imapezeka mu sushi, nsomba zam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti mahomoni a chithokomiro akhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kodi omega-3 fatty acids amathandiza bwanji thanzi lathu?
- Omega-3 fatty acids, omwe ali mu sushi, amachulukitsa mlingo wa thupi la mafuta m'thupi. Izi, zimathandizanso kuchepetsa cholesterol choipa m'magazi. Kawirikawiri, kukhalapo kwa zidulozi kumakhudza kwambiri mtima wamtima.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito omega-3 fatty acids kumawonetsedwa ndi madokotala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, chifukwa thandizo la acids limachepetsa shuga la magazi.
- Zofukufuku zimasonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa kudya kwa omega-3 fatty acids mu sushi ndi kulimbikitsa makoma a mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Lipoti mu nyuzipepala yachipatala yotchuka limasonyeza kuti omega-3 fatty acids amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafutawa amachititsa kuti 70 peresenti ya mapuloteni a amyloid mu ubongo, omwe amatchulidwa ngati chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's.
- Popeza omega-3 fatty acids ndi ofunika pa chitukuko chabwino, kuphatikizapo ana obadwa kumene, amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndi omwe akulera, ayenera kudyedwa ndi chakudya. Sushi pambali iyi ndi "wothandizira" weniweni wa zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Masiku ano, omega-3 fatty acids amadziwika ngati njira yeniyeni yochiritsira matenda a mtima, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nsomba kumalimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ambiri amatenga mafuta omega-3 otchedwa "fish oil". Koma ndikufuna kukukumbutsani kuti ndi nyama ya nsomba za m'nyanja zakuya zomwe ndi omega-3 fatty acids. Ndizomwe, nsomba iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sushi.
Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka
Sushi amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbale zabwino kwambiri. Koma, mwatsoka, ndipo ili ndi zovuta zina. Imodzi mwa mafunso omwe anakambidwa kwambiri ponena za nsomba kapena nsomba zamadzi ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa mercury. Vuto lina ndi chiwerengero cha ma calories. Gawo limodzi la dzikolo silikuwoneka kuti likukweza mzere wawo wonse, koma ndi nthawi zonse, mumadziika poikapo mapaundi angapo owonjezera. Samalani - makilogalamu mu zidutswa zing'onozing'onozi amapezedwa makamaka chifukwa cha mpunga, olemera muzakudya. Galasi yoyera ya mpunga ili ndi makilogalamu 160.
Sushi imakhala ndi njira ina yowonjezera - monga mbale zambiri zopangidwa ndi nsomba zosaphika, zimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zimachitika makamaka pamene nsomba zayeretsedwa bwino kapena zimapezeka m'madera owonongeka a m'nyanja.
Monga momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito chakudya chilichonse chofiira, kugwiritsa ntchito sushi kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndizochitika pazinthu zamankhwala. Kawirikawiri yankho la funso lakuti "Kodi sushi ndi mankhwala othandiza?" Yankho ndilolondola - "Inde." Komabe, muyenera kumvetsetsa ndi kuyang'ana zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Posachedwapa, ofufuza akhala akudandaula za vuto loipitsa nsomba ndi zitsulo zamitengo, zomwe zingakhalepo m'mitundu ina ya nsomba, zowonongeka monga tuna ndi swordfish. Ndipotu, nsombazo zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri pazinthu zowonjezera.
Chifukwa cha kuopsa kokhala ndi zinthu zowononga monga mercury ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndibwino kuti amayi apakati ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofooka za thupi asatenge nsomba zazikulu kapena nyama iliyonse yaiwisi. Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zovulaza mu malo ena a nthaka kunatsimikiziridwa, koma kumwa moyenera kwa mbale iyi sikungapangitse kuti pakhale thanzi labwino laumunthu. Mwamwayi, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa Institute of Medicine amasonyeza kuti zowonongeka zimatsimikizika kuti zotsatira za kusamwa kwa sushi ndi zabwino.
Mwamwayi, vuto la kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndilosazolowereka kwambiri. Sushi ndi otetezeka, monga chakudya china chilichonse, ngati chikusinthidwa ndi kusungidwa molondola. Ngakhale kuti anthu ena adzafunika kuthana ndi zochepetsera zoopsa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Kwa anthu ambiri, sushi ndi malo otetezeka, pambali pake ndi othandiza kwambiri. Khalani chete, dziwani kuti muyeso komanso musamachite zinthu mopitirira malire - ndipo sipadzakhala mavuto.
Chisankho ndi chanu
Kuyesa zowonjezereka ndi kusokoneza kungasokoneze chisankho chathu chofuna kuti tisadalire zakudya za ku Japan za sushi kapena ayi. Ku mbali imodzi, madokotala amati sushi ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri okhala ndi zinthu zothandiza komanso zosasinthika. Kumbali ina - chitsimikizo kuti pamodzi ndi zokometsetsa izi tingathe kudzitengera tizilombo toopsa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Potsirizira pake, sushi imakhala ndi zovuta zingapo, koma muyenera kudzifunsa - kodi galu wotentha kapena cola ndi otetezeka pang'ono? Ndipo chirichonse chidzagwa mmalo.