Yogwiritsa ntchito
Ponena za mankhwala awo, yisiti ndi yosasunthika: zimadalira mtundu wake mwa mawonekedwe ake ambiri. Pakali pano pali mitundu yambiri ndi theka. Komanso, zidazi zimadalira kwambiri pakati pa yisiti. Kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi kotala la madzi owopsa komanso ochepa. Nkhani youma imaphatikizapo zinthu monga chakudya, zinthu zosafunika, nayitrogeni, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Zinthu zosaoneka bwino zimayimiridwa ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphoric acid. Mu gawo la yisiti, polysaccharides ali, ndipo mu mapuloteni, amino acid, omwe ali ndi zamoyo zonse zofunika; mu mafuta akhoza kupezeka ndi polyunsaturated ndi saturated fatty acids.
Yisiti yambiri
Yisiti yambiri yaphunzira kusiyanitsa kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi ndi zoyambirira zapitazo: asayansi apanga zofufuza zambiri ndi ntchito zambiri pa nkhaniyi.
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya yisiti, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, mungatchule dzina monga lolimbikitsidwa, lophika, lolimba, mowa, nthawi yomweyo, vinyo.
Njira yophweka ndiyo kupeza yisiti yophika mkate - iwo amagulitsidwa mu sitolo iliyonse, yosungidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono; Ali ndi nthawi yokwanira yokhala ndi alumali ndipo ndi ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito - ngakhale mwana akhoza kuwophika pamaziko awo.
Chotupitsa chotupitsa chimadziwika kuti confectionery. Zili zovuta kwambiri kusungirako: ngati zitasungidwa kunja kwa firiji, ndiye pambuyo pa milungu iwiri sizikhala zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ngati kutentha kumakhala pafupi madigiri makumi atatu, moyo wa alumali umachepetsedwa kukhala masiku atatu kapena anai. adzakhala okwanira kusunga katundu wawo kwa miyezi iwiri. Musanayese yisiti, confectionery iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Yisiti yowuma imakhala ndi maulendo ataliatali ngati malo ake sanatsegulidwe: pamalo ouma ozizira akhoza kugona pafupi zaka ziwiri. Chotupa chotsegula chimafuna kusungiramo chidebe chotsekedwa choyikidwa mu firiji - kotero kuti akhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi inayi.
Mkaka wouma wouma uyenera kusungunuka m'madzi ofunda (gawo limodzi la yisiti pa magawo anayi a madzi), pita kwa mphindi khumi, ndikuyimbira ndi pang'ono.
Kusungunuka mwamsangamsanga kwa yisiti kumakhala pafupifupi zofanana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, komabe iwo ali okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito patatha mphindi khumi m'madzi ofunda.
Mitundu yonse yokhudza yisiti ija ikhoza kusunga ntchito yawo kwa nthawi yayitali ngati ikhale yozizira, koma musamachite mwamsanga - imakhala yovuta kuwonetsa kusintha kwa madzi omwe amawononga maselo a yisiti, kotero kuti ayenela kutengeka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo madzi ayenera kutenthedwa pang'ono kuti awathe.
Yisiti ya Brewer ndi yosiyana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayesero, ndipo pali zambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake mosiyana ndi mowa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kulawa ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, El amapangidwa ndi yisiti yapadera, yomwe sichimwa mowa kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Monga lamulo, yisiti ya brewer ilipo mu mawonekedwe a madzi, pa chifukwa ichi, musanagwiritse ntchito, musati mufune kutaya.
Komanso yisiti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kvass, komabe, pakadali pano, lactobacilli imathandizanso.
Yeast yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo wambiri a išampansky amakhala ndi thanzi labwino la kukhalapo mu sing'anga ndi zakumwa zambiri za mowa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kumene mavu ena amafa.
Palinso mitundu yambiri ya yisiti yomwe siigwiritsidwe ntchito pophika - zakudya kapena yisiti: amatha kupyolera mukutentha ndi kupita kuntchito, koma maselo awo amakhala osasinthasintha panthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimateteza mavitamini, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. Mu mavitamini ambiri, ndipo mukhoza kuwatenga m'madipatimenti a zakudya zabwino ndi mankhwala.
Gwiritsani ntchito yisiti
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yisiti imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano m'makampani osiyanasiyana: vkvasovarenii ndi mowa, mafakitale - omwe nthawi zambiri amawotcha mkaka, winemaking, kupanga zina za mkaka, mankhwala (monga chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophikira), kuphika.
Yeast ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi mapuloteni apamwamba, kotero amatha kuwonjezerapo zakudya zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuyesera kumeneku kunkachitika m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, koma izi sizinafalitsidwe kwambiri. Pali lingaliro loti yisiti ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zamasamba, zatsopano ndi zowawasa kabichi msuzi, rassolniki, borsch, white iluk sauces.
Mankhwala achiritso
Mkate wa zachilengedwe ndi yisiti ya brewer ingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mankhwala; komanso pogwiritsira ntchito, mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga hephephytin, omwe amalembedwa kwa odwala matenda a mitsempha, matenda a khungu, hypovitaminosis ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, angapangidwe ndi ntchito yawo.
Mu nthaka yamadzi, yisiti ikhoza kulamulidwa ndi katswiri wa zachipatala kuti azitha kuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kusintha ntchito ya m'mimba, matumbo ndi mapasitiki, kuwonjezera chitetezo cha zamoyo ku matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angayambitsidwe ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Ndipo yisiti yochuluka pambali iyi ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa yisiti yowuma. Ndiponso, yisiti ikhoza kulamulidwa kwa gastritis, enterocolitis, kuchira ku matenda aakulu. Kuti munthu asamalitsidwe mogwiritsa ntchito yisiti sichiletsedwa - dokotala ayenera kupereka mankhwala.