Chisangalalo choterocho kwa ana ndi akulu ambiri monga kutafuna marmalade anawoneka kale kwambiri, kwinakwake pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 ku America. Nthaŵi yomweyo inakopa ogula, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake okoma, komanso kusungirako zosungirako, chifukwa kutafuna mafuta osasungunuka sikunatengere konse. Koma ku Russia mankhwalawa anawonekera pambuyo pake - m'ma 90 a zaka za makumi awiri, ngakhale kuti ku Ulaya anali ataphunzira kale za izo kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri.
Posakhalitsa pozindikira kuti kupanga kutafuna kudzabweretsa phindu lalikulu, opanga oyambawo anayamba ndi mfundo yakuti anayamba kupereka magulu ake, monga zowonjezera ku magulu a asilikali. Iwo ankakonda, ndipo posakhalitsa anayamba kutchuka pakati pa anthu osauka. Kwa zaka zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutafuna zinapangidwira, malondawo anafalikira mofulumira, chifukwa palibe mtundu umodzi wa Achimerika amene ankakonda.
Tsopano kupanga kachakuta kunakula bwino ndipo ogulitsa amatsimikizira ogula kuti ali othandiza, ndipo osati zokoma zokoma zokha. Koma kodi ndi zoona? Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri anayamba kukambirana za kuopsa kwa kutafuna. Choncho, poyambirira, nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zili mbali ya kutafuna.
Choncho, pakati pa zigawo zambiri zomwe zimapanga kutafuna, zikuluzikuluzi zingaganizidwe kuti agar-agar ndi pectin (kawirikawiri amapanga). Zinthu izi zimapanga. Kuonjezera apo, maonekedwewa akuphatikizapo shuga, oyeretsa osiyanasiyana ndi oonetsera, zina zotetezera, zokometsetsa ndi dyes.
Ojambula amaitana phokosoli la chipatso kuti likhale lothandiza, kutsimikizira kuti ndilochepa, chifukwa liri ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri kuposa maswiti ena (100 magalamu a mankhwala, pafupifupi 321 kcal). Komabe, musaiwale kuti ili ndi shuga wambiri kapena m'malo mwake, ndipo izi zimakayikira zothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito marmalade.
Ojambula samabisala kuti palibe ubwino wathanzi kwa mazira ndi zokometsera, koma amatsimikizira kuti zinthu izi sizikuvulaza. Malingana ndi iwo, chirichonse chimene chimawerengedwa kuti "chofanana ndi chirengedwe" mmalo mwake chiri chimodzimodzi ndi zinthu zakuthupi, koma ndi zotchipa.
Tiyeni tiyesetse kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa marmalade.
Monga tanenera kale, mu kutafuna kutaya m'malo mwa pectin yachibadwa kawirikawiri imapangidwanso. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimapezeka m'magulu angapo ovuta komanso ophatikizapo mavitamini osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala ena. Inde, palibe ntchito ngati kuyembekezera pectin zachirengedwe, koma dziwani kuti pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa pectin sikungapweteke kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga, nkhumba ya gelatin ndi pectin yokhayokha sikowopseza, koma kupatula zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, zikuphatikizapo mankhwala monga dyes, zoteteza komanso zosakaniza. Ndithu, iwo samabweretsa ubwino uliwonse. Pofuna kuti masticate marmalade sizimasungunuka kapena kubwezera manja, zinali zosalala komanso zonyezimira, kuphatikizapo sera yapadera. Ndi 90% ya mafilimu. Zachilengedwe zakuthupi (masamba ndi sera), zigawo zake zimakhala ndi ubwino wathanzi, koma masamba obala amapangidwa tsopano popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera.
Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti obala zipatso amadziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa cha zipatso zokhazokha. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti akhoza kudyidwanso kwambiri. Ngakhale zovuta zoterezi ndi zokoma, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungayesere.
Marmalade amadziwika ngati kukoma kwabwino kwa ambiri odyetsa zakudya. Choncho, musadzikane nokha ntchito yake, koma muyenera kusankha bwino. Pambuyo powerenga mosamalitsa zomwe zikupezekazo komanso osapeza zowonjezera pamenepo, n'zotheka kupereka ana oterewa kuyambira zaka ziwiri, komatu atatha kudya komanso pang'onopang'ono.
Zomwe zimakhala bwino, mosiyana ndi tsaya, zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri, nthawi zambiri osati zodzaza ndi zina zowonjezera, choncho ndi bwino kuti ana azipereka. Zili bwino.