Ndi ndani omwe ali ndi thrips ndipo amachokera kuti?
Zowonjezereka, ntchito zapadera zapadera zodzipatula zimapeza tizirombo ta zomera m'mayiko awo. Ena "othawa kwawo" amatha kugonjetsa malire a dzikoli pokhapokha (Colorado beetle ananyamuka kuchokera ku Poland mu 1949, gulugufegu loyera la ku America linadutsa pamalire a Soviet ndi Hungary mu 1952). Mbali yaikulu ya "alendo" imalowa mwangozi ndi zina zotumizidwa, pa magalimoto osiyanasiyana. Ndizo chimodzimodzi mu zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo greenfly idabwera kwa ife, ndipo posachedwa maluwa a ku Western akukwera.
Nthawi zina maonekedwe a "onyenga" sayembekezereka kwa amaluwa. Zikatero, kuonongeka kwa tizirombo kapena malo oyambirira a foci kumakhala ntchito yovuta. Kukhoza kokhala ndi mitundu ina ya zamoyo kunganenedweratu. Ndipo nthawi zina - kuteteza kufalikira kwawo, mwachitsanzo, thrips.
Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi kutalika kwa 0, 5-5 mm. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonetseredwa pa dandilion, chicory, pa masamba a anyezi ndi gladiolus. Kuyendayenda kulikonse kwapeza mbiri ya njuchi zoopsa kwambiri za zomera zomwe zimalima. Kupindula ndi timadzi timene timapanga tizilombo, timachepetsa kukula kwa zimayambira, masamba, kuteteza kutsegula kwa masamba, kuphulika maluwa, kuchepetsa zokongola za zomera. Tizilombo timene timanyamula mavairasi.
Sikuti onse ochita florist adziwa njira yowonetsera zowonongeka ndi zowopsya kwambiri zaku California. Ndipo ndi nthawi yokonzekera kubwezeretsa masoka a mitundu yatsopano - Thrips palri thrips ndi American echinotrypsis. Nyamayi yoyamba, yamaluwa, imachokera ku South-East Asia, yachiwiri - kuchokera ku North America.
Thrips America anawonekera ku Ulaya m'ma 90. "Chipata" cha tizilombo chatsopano chinali Netherlands chifukwa chotchuka kwambiri ndi maluwa, omwe amabweretsa zomera kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Kuchokera ku dziko lonse lapansi, thrips amatumizidwa kukadula maluwa, kubzala, kapu yokongola. Ndicho chiwombankhanga - chakudya chomwe amamukonda. Zomera za kumadzulo za ku America zimawononga maluwa, ndipo ma tchire ambiri a ku America amawononga masamba, omwe amaika mazira.
Pa 20 ° C, mbadwo umodzi wa thrips umayamba mwezi ndi hafu, ndipo pa 30 ° mu masabata awiri. Mkazi amatha pafupifupi mazira 80. Mu malo otentha ndi malo, malo amtunduwu amafalitsa chaka chonse. Zigawo zonse za kukula kwa thrips zimangopita pa zomera zokha. Pa masamba mungathe kukumana ndi mazira, mphutsi za zaka ziwiri ndi akulu nthawi yomweyo.
Motero, mbeu zambiri za anthu angapo omwe amabwera ndi chomera, kwa chaka chimodzi ngati sichipha, ndiye kuti ngakhale chomera chachikulu chidzawonongeka kwambiri. Poyamba, ntchito yawo imayambitsa mawanga achikasu. Koma tizilombo tomwe tomwe timapezeka pa pepala ndi zokwanira kuti tiyambe kumira. Chakudya cha anthu 30-40 chimawatsogolera kumalo osungunuka ndi otayika, omwe amayamba ndi anthu ochepa. Ndipo ngakhale kuti thrips kawirikawiri imatsogolera mbewu kuti imwalire, koma imathandiza kuchepetsa kukongoletsa kwake. Amatulutsa mitundu yoposa 100 ya zomera. Mitengoyi imayambitsanso mbewu zaulimi: clover, nkhaka, tomato, tsabola.
Olima amalima akhoza kale kutchula zomera zomwe ziri ngati ena kuposa maypses. Awa ndi oimira aroid (spathiphilium, syngonium, diffenbachia, humanrium, philodendron) ndi basamu. Kuwonjezera apo, "mlendo" amawononga kwambiri acalifu, katsitsumzukwa, nsungwi, codaium, kordilinu, chrysanthemums, dracenes, molochae, ficus, Ivy hibiscus, passionflower, ma-romium, rhododendrons, ndi ragwort.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi thrips?
Kodi mungathetse bwanji vutoli, ngati liri pa zomera? Tsoka, tikuzindikira kuti palibe njira zowonjezera zogonjera ma thrips. Chiyeso cha chitetezo cha zomera kuchokera ku echinotrypsa ku America kawirikawiri sichinafike bwino. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala nthawizonse sikugwira ntchito. Izi ndizofunika chifukwa cha moyo wathanzi wa ma thrips, ndi kukanika kwake kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Ku Ulaya, atsogoleri omwe amapanga zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe monga chodalirika cha chilengedwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amalimbikitsa njira yolamulira. Ma Florists amagwiritsa ntchito adani ake enieni: zowopsa kwambiri za Franklinothrips vespiformis ndi nsikidzi za mtundu wa Orius. Onsewo ndi ena angagulidwe kale m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa ku mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia.
Monga nthawi zonse, njira zothandizira zimakhala zothandiza. N'zachidziwikire kuti dzira lopangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'tchire ndilosavuta kuzindikira. Zimangokhala kuti ziwone zofuna zatsopano zomwe zimangotenga ndikuchotsa mwatsatanetsatane zitsanzozo ndi zizindikiro zomwe zawonongeke. Ndipo makampani akuluakulu a ku Russia omwe amapereka zitsamba zambiri zokongoletsera kumsika wa pakhomo ayenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti famu ya wokondedwayo sichilomboledwe ndi tizilombo.
Njira yowonongera thrips ili ndi tsogolo labwino. Ndiponsotu, iyi ndi njira yachibadwa yomwe siipweteka chilengedwe.