Kufunika kwa khungu la chithokomiro m'thupi lathu ndi kovuta kuwonetsa. Amapanga mahomoni (thyroxine, triiodothyronine ndi thyrocalcitonin), yomwe imakhudza ntchito ya thupi lonse, imalimbikitsa matupi athu onse. Mahomoni opangidwa ndi chithokomiro amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi thupi komanso selo iliyonse ya thupi lathu. Popanda iwo, sikungatheke kupitiliza ndi kupuma, kuyenda, kudya, kugona. Mtima wathu umagunda, mapapu amatulutsa mpweya, ndipo ubongo umapanga zofuna makamaka chifukwa cha mahomoni a chithokomiro. Ndipo ngati tikulongosola mwatsatanetsatane za ntchito ya ubongo, mahomoni a chithokomiro amagwirizanitsa pakupanga ubongo m'mimba, ndipo mu ntchito yotsatira ya ubongo mu moyo wa munthuyo. Maganizo athu oganiza bwino, kuthekera mwakuyesa mwatsatanetsatane mkhalidwe komanso ngakhalenso zamaluso zamakono zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndi mphatso ya Mulungu, zimadalira kwambiri ntchito ya thupi ili.
Mahomoni a thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine amagwira nawo mbali pa kukula kwa mwana, kukula ndi kulimbitsa mafupa, kukula kwa mafupa kumadalira pa iwo. Thanzi la chithokomiro limatengapo mbali popanga mazira am'mimba mwa amayi, ndiyomwe imayang'anira mchere wa madzi mthupi ndi kusamalira thupi lolemera. Matenda a chithokomiro amathandizanso ntchito ya mahomoni ena, amathandiza kupanga mavitamini ena, amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lathu. Kukalamba kwa thupi lathu kumagwirizananso ndi kusintha kwa chithokomiro.
Kuchita bwino kwa chithokomiro kumatengera mbali yofunika kwambiri mu thupi lachikazi. Thanzi la chithokomiro limagwira nawo ntchito yowonongedwa kwa thupi lachikazi pa moyo wa mkazi. Kuchita bwino kwa chiwalo ichi ndi kofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, chifukwa cha kubala pakati ndi kubereka kwa mwana, panthawi yobereka komanso nthawi yoberekera, komanso nthawi ya kusamba. Mavuto okhudzidwa ndi kubereka ndi kubereka mwana akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yoyipa ya chithokomiro, kusiyana kulikonse kwa kayendetsedwe ka chiwalo ichi kuchokera kwa mayi kungathe kuwononga mwana wakhanda.
Kawirikawiri, matenda a chithokomiro ndi olowa, koma amatha kupezeka kwa anthu omwe alibe chibadwa cha iwo. Kutsekemera kwa chithokomiro chosawonongeka kungadziwonetsere m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi izo, zizindikiro zomwe matendawa angadziwike, ndi njira zothandizira.
Popeza khungu la chithokomiro limakhudza machitidwe onse a thupi, ndipo palibe chiwalo chilichonse, sikuli kosavuta kuzindikira zolakwika m'ntchito yake. Zizindikiro za matenda a chithokomiro timakhala tikulephera kuzindikira kapena kulemba chifukwa cha kutopa, nkhawa, kusokonezeka pa mavuto a ntchito kapena a m'banja. Anthu ambiri samaganiza kuti chifukwa cha zoipa zawo, kutopa mwamsanga, kukhumudwa kapena kupsinjika maganizo kungabiseke mu chiwalo chaching'ono chofanana ndi butterfly.
Amayi ambiri samvetsera, mwachitsanzo, kusasintha kwa msambo, ndipo izi zikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za matenda a chithokomiro ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Pano pali zizindikiro zazikulu, pakuwoneka komwe kuli kofunikira kuti muwone mwamsanga momwe ntchito ya chithokomiro ikugwirira ntchito:
- Kutopa ndi kutopa, kumangokhala wofooka ngakhale atangogona.
- Kusintha kwakukulu kulemera kwa thupi.
Zosokonezeka ndi zosokonezeka.
- Mavuto ndi kukumbukira.
- Kumva kutentha kapena kuzizira pamapeto.
- Mankhwala opweteka, nyamakazi.
Kupweteka kapena kupweteka kwa minofu.
Kusokonezeka kwa chimbudzi, nthawi zambiri kudzimbidwa.
- Cholesterol yapamwamba m'magazi.
Komanso, matenda a chithokomiro amatha kupereka kutupa pang'ono m'khosi.
Kuwonekera kwa zonse kapena zina mwa zizindikirozi kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito mwa munthu. Matendawa amatanthauza kuti vuto la chithokomiro limayamba kale, koma mlingo wa mahomoni m'magazi akadalibe malire. Kuphwanya kotereku kuli kovuta kwambiri kuti muzindikire ndi kuyeza matenda ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsalira popanda dokotala, ndipo mankhwala amayamba pokhapokha pazigawo za matendawa. Komabe, ndi koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ku chipatala.
Nthaŵi zambiri, zizindikiro za kunja kwa matenda zimadziwonetsera zokha, ngakhale m'magulu omaliza. Matenda a chithokomiro amatha kugawa m'magulu angapo. Izi ndi matenda opangidwa ndi mahomoni ochuluka, omwe amadziwikanso monga Basedova matenda kapena hyperthyroidism, komanso kupanga mahomoni osakwanira kapena hypothyroidism. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kungathe kulamulidwa kupyolera mu njira zamadzimadzi, kusintha kwa zakudya ndi moyo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito homeotherapy. Mulimonsemo, m'pofunikanso kufufuzidwa kwa wotchedwa endocrinologist.
Pali mtundu wina wa matenda: kupanga mapepala kapena matumbo. Zomwe zikhoza kukhala zoyipa komanso zosautsa. Pazochitika zazikuluzikulu, pali mfundo zingapo zowunikira ndi chithandizo.
Mfundo yoyamba ndi khalidwe lovomerezeka la chipsinjo chabwino cha singano chomwe chimapangidwa pansi pa kuyendetsedwa kwa ultrasound. Makhalidwe ake ndiwo maziko a matendawa, chifukwa zimadalira zotsatirazi ngati chotupacho n'chosautsa kapena choipa.
Mfundo yachiwiri ndiyo kuchitidwa opaleshoni pofuna kuthetsa vuto la chithokomiro pakatha vuto lachidziwitso choipa. M'dziko lathu, chizoloŵezi chosungira chiwalo pa opaleshoni chikufala, koma m'dziko lapansi njira zoterezi sizinawathandizidwe. Ndipo mosiyana - ngati chotupa chochititsa manyazi chikuwoneka, n'zotheka kupewa opaleshoni. Chizindikiro cha opaleshoni yothandizira pa nkhaniyi ndi kungowonjezereka kwa nambala komanso mavuto omwe munthu amakhala nawo pokhudzana ndi izi. Komabe, chodabwitsa ichi ndi chosowa. Pochita zamankhwala, chotupa choipa chimatchedwanso "Colloidal Node", ndipo chimapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa choipa. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika ambiri, chotupa chothetsa sichikhala choipa. Choncho, chithandizo chopanda opaleshoni cha matendawa chikukulirakulira.
Mfundo yachitatu ikukhudzana ndi chithandizo cha nthenda zoipa. Izi ndizofunikira kuyanjanitsidwa, kuphatikiza opaleshoni ndi chithandizo chamagetsi cha radioiodine. Cholinga cha mankhwala otere ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu m'thupi la munthu. Ndizophatikizidwa pamodzi zomwe zingachepetse mwayi wokhalanso ndi kufalikira kwa ndondomeko yovulaza m'thupi. Komabe, zotupa zoipa za chithokomiro ndizo gulu la matenda opatsirana, omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa. Iwo sayenera kukhala "chilango" kwa wodwalayo. Monga madokotala ochita opaleshoni amati "ngati inu mukufuna kuti mukhale ndi khansara, ndiye musiye khansa ya chithokomiro."
Mfundo yachinayi ya chithandizo ndizowona odwala kwa nthawi yaitali. Anthu omwe ali ndi node zowonongeka zomwe sizikudandaula, kamodzi pa chaka kuti azitha kutulutsa chithokomiro cha ultrasound, komanso kutenga mayeso a magazi ndi mahomoni. Odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa choopsa amayendera dokotala yemwe amalamulira chithandizo chake nthawi zambiri komanso kafukufuku.
Chifukwa cha zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro, zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza molondola kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Koma, ngakhale kuganizira zokhazo zomwe zavumbulutsidwa, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala matenda a chithokomiro chikugwirizana ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda a mtima.
Ngakhale kuti kuphunzira kwa thupili kwachitika kwa nthawi yaitali, asayansi sangathe kutchula bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro mpaka pano. Amakhulupirira kuti mbali yaikulu imayimbidwa ndi majini, komanso chilengedwe. M'nthaŵi yathu ino, nyengo yosintha zachilengedwe silingathe kufotokoza molondola momwe chochitika chingakhudzire thupi la munthu. Mwachitsanzo, zikudziwika kuti mliri wa Chernobyl unayambitsa kansa ya kanseri, yomwe imakhala ndi matenda ochulukirapo osati m'zaka zoyambirira za chiwonongekocho, koma idasinthidwe kwa zaka khumi, ndipo misala yaikulu ya odwala inali ana.
Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro, kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana, pali kusowa kwa ayodini, komwe munthuyo amalandira pang'ono ndi chakudya. Zakudya zazikulu kwambiri za ayodini zimapezeka m'zinthu zam'madzi, monga nsomba za m'nyanja ndi nyanja. M'madera ena a dziko lapansi, zinthu zoterezi sizingatheke ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pa chakudya. Matenda a chithokomiro m'madera amenewa amapezeka kawiri kawiri kuposa m'mayiko akumidzi, kumene kawirikawiri mankhwala ambiri a ayodini amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la kusowa kwa ayodini, pathu ndi m'madera ena, makampani ndi mankhwala akutha. Tsopano iwo amapanga mankhwala omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri ndi ayodini, mwachitsanzo, mchere wothira iodized, mkate, madzi. Pa masamulo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo anapezeka mankhwala ambiri omwe apangidwa kuti athetse kusowa kwa ayodini m'thupi. Kudyetsa mankhwala otero kumalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa ana ndi amayi pa nthawi ya mimba ndi lactation. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse zokhudza matenda a chithokomiro: zifukwa, zizindikiro, kuteteza zomwe ziyenera kukhala panthawi yake.