Sakanizani kumasulira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Italy amatanthauza "mtanda". Zolemba zake (ndipo kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mikwingwirima ya ufa wopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa ndi madzi amapezeka ngakhale m'malemba akale a Chiroma) sizinangosintha kokha zakudya za ku Italy, komanso zinakhudza gastronomiyonse. Kalekale, pamene palibe makina omwe anapangidwa, pasitala inapangidwa mophweka. Mkatewo unakulungidwa mu gawo lochepa thupi, kenako nkudulidwa m'magawo ambiri kapena ochepa. Ndi choncho, mpaka lero. Koma ngati muli ndi chipangizo chapadera - makina opanga pasta (omwe amathanso mtanda mu thinnest wosanjikizira) kapena phokoso loponyera pamphindi, ndiye sizidzakhala zovuta kuti muphike mtundu uliwonse wa pasitala mu nthawi yochepa. Mwa njira, makina osakaniza a pasitala ndi otchipa, chokhacho chokha ndichovuta kuti chiyeretsedwe. Zingotsimikiziranso kuti pasitala yokhala ndi zopanda pake kwambiri kuposa pasitala yokonzedweratu, ndipo ndondomeko yopanga pasitala yokha ndi mbale kuchokera pamenepo ingasandulike m'banja kapena phwando losangalala.
Malinga ndi malamulo a maphikidwe ophikira a pasitala ya ku Italy, amapangidwa kuchokera ku tirigu wa durumu, ku Italy ndi ngakhale malamulo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu a ku Italy amadya paste al dente, yomwe sichiphika pang'ono. Ndicho chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri cha zakudya zamadzimadzi komanso zakudya zamagetsi. Choncho tikulimbikitsanso kuti mutenge ufa kuchokera ku tirigu wa durumu kuti mukonzekere pasitala (umadziwika ndi kukupera ndi mtundu wachikasu, womwe umawoneka mofanana ndi chimanga).
Ndizotheka kuwonjezera phindu la pasitala, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakonzedwa ndi kuwonjezera mazira ndi mafuta, ndipo amatchedwa, motsatira, pasitala, 'kutulutsa mafuta onse kapena mandimu, m'malo mwa mazira onse - mapuloteni okha. Izi ndizo zopindulitsa kwambiri pakuphika kunyumba: simungasinthe kokha kukoma kwa msuzi, koma chophimba, ndi "mawonekedwe" a phala lokha! Njira yosavuta yokhudzidwira kukoma ndi kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha mazira. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kuchoka pa zidutswa ziwiri pa kilogalamu ya ufa mpaka 25 yolks zofanana. Pachifukwa chotsatirachi, lidzakhala lowala kwambiri la dzira lachikasu (lomwe, mwatsoka, ndi lokoma kwambiri, lamakono kwambiri).
Mungasinthe kukoma ndi mtundu wa phala, kusakaniza madzi a masamba kapena kutsitsa mu ufa. Choncho, mbatata yosakanizidwa ndi sipinachi imapanga zobiriwira, zobiriwira - zowirira, karoti kapena safironi - lalanje, phwetekere puree - wofiira. Mu phala, mukhoza kuwonjezera mtedza wabwino kwambiri kapena tsabola wofiira. Ku Piedmont, truffles osweka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu apadera a pasitala. Ziri mtengo, koma mukhoza kusunga pa msuzi: pasitala iyi ndi yokoma ndipo safuna zina.
Nkhani zazikulu
Mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula, phalali lagawidwa m'magulu asanu:
- Phala lalitali (lozungulira ndi lopanda, lopapatiza komanso lonse);
- Phala lalifupi (limaphatikizapo nthenga zosiyanasiyana, fusilli ndi rigatoni);
- Msuzi wothira (tinthu tating'ono tosiyanasiyana);
- Mangani zovuta (farfalle (mauta), zipolopolo ndi zina "zokongola" pasitala, zomwe sizidzakongoletsa zokha, komanso azikongoletsa saladi ndi pasitala);
- Pasitala ndi kudzazidwa (ravioli, nioki, pansotti, tortellini - "zopanga zodabwitsa");
- Spagetti (spaghetti) - wotchuka kwambiri wotsika phala (pafupifupi 25 masentimita m'litali ndi 1-2 mm m'mimba mwake), ndi yabwino ndi zakuda komanso tomato sauces;
- Linguine (linguini) - yayitali, yopapatiza komanso yopanda phala ndi 2 mm. "Spaghetti yanyumba";
- TagliateUe (Tagliatelle) - phalaphala phalala 4-6 mm lonse. Zabwino kwambiri ndi nyama za nyama kapena kuphika. Narrower Tagliatelle (3 mm) amatchedwa thallolini;
- Fettuccine (fetuchini) - matepi apansi okhala ndi 8-10 mm. Mankhusu wambiri kapena tomato ndi abwino;
- Papachedelle (papardelle) - kwambiri (mpaka 15 mm) ndi phala lakutali la Tuscan. Zabwino zokuphika ndi zithusi zakuda;
Lasagna (Lasagna) - yaikulu kwambiri. Kukula kwake sikunayendetsedwe, monga zonse zidula lasagna pansi pa mawonekedwe awo kuphika. Zigawo zoterezi zophika, kenako zimadulidwa ndi nyama kapena zonona, masamba, bowa, tchizi ndi nyama ya minced kapena msuzi wa bakhamel ndi ophika;
- Farfalle (farfalle) - "agulugufe" kapena "mauta";
- Bucatini (bucatinini) - zomwe timazitcha macaroni, mafunde aakulu kwambiri. Wotchuka kwambiri ku Roma;
- Fusilli (fusilli) - mizere yosiyana ya diameter (3-8 mm). Gwiritsani bwino ma soda, oyenera saladi. Ofala kwambiri kumpoto ndi pakati pa Italy;
- Penne - kafupi kawiri kawiri kabokosi kameneka kakugwedezeka (nthenga). Chilengedwe chonse, chowongolera bwino ndi chokongola chophika;
- Rigatoni (rigatoni) - lalifupi lopangidwa molunjika. Thinner rigatoni wotchedwa tortilloni, yotalika kwambiri (masentimita 2-3) - cannelloni - amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu;
- Tortellini (tortellini) amafanana kwambiri ndi dumplings, omwe mbali zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa masamba. Ndibwino kuti muziyambitsa ndi ricotta yaiwisi kapena sipinachi, zomwe zimadzaza ndizochepa. Pali zazikulu ndi zazikulu;
- Raviolli (ravioli) - ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka ngati ellipse kapena lalikulu. Chombo chotchuka kwambiri ndi nkhuku yosungunuka ndi parmesan, parsley ndi sipinachi, koma mukhoza kuchita pafupifupi chirichonse. Nthawi zambiri amatumikira ndi pesto msuzi. Pambuyo yokazinga bwino yonjezerani msuzi.
Vinyo ndi pasitala
Maphikidwe ophweka a zakudya ndi maphikidwe a pasitala ya ku Italy amaphatikizapo zochepa zokhazokha: mafuta a maolivi, adyo, sipinachi. Zimayenera bwino vinyo wonyezimira, wonyezimira, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa pino grigio wachi Italiya ndi maluwa a citrus. Pino grigio amatsutsana bwino ndi abusa ndi masamba ndi masamba.
Mavinyo oyera ndi abwino kwambiri Kuwonjezera pa saladi ndi pasitala. Pasitala ndi nsomba za m'nyanja zimakhala zowuma, monga, prosecco. Ndipo kusunga pasitala ndi zokometsera msuzi, kutumikira vinyo wofiira ndi vinyo woyera. Pofuna kutulutsa mazira a mazira ambiri, ma vinyo oyera ndi zolemba za citrus komanso zofiira (makamaka ndizo zabwino kwa pasta ndi mchere ndi bowa) ndizoyenera.
Kwa ravioli, vinyo amasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kudzazidwa. Kwa masamba, mphesa zoyera zimatengedwa, chifukwa cha tchizi ndi nyama - zoyera zoyera, mwachitsanzo, soave, kapena wofiira (valpolicella). Koma palibe malamulo ovuta. Ravioli ndi sipinachi, mwachitsanzo, ndizosangalatsa kusamba ndi kuwala kofiira lambrusco. Mosiyana ndizofunika kunena za pasitala ndi tomato kapena pesto msuzi. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi vinyo wofiira, koma osati wolemera kwambiri, kuti amve kukoma kokoma kwa msuzi. Chianti kapena merlot adzachita. Angathe kudyetsedwa kwa carbonara. Mu pasitala ndi tomato, nyama ndi soseji nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa. Kenaka vinyo wofiira ayenera kukhala wokhutira ndi wamphamvu - kuchokera kumwera kumadera. Ngati mukuphika pasitala ndi tchizi, ndiye kuti kusankha vinyo kumadalira mtundu wa tchizi. Ravioli ndi ricotta anali ndi wofiira woyera kapena wofiira wolemera. Zakudya zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi zolimba, zakuda ndi buluu, monga Parmesan kapena Gorgonzola, zimafuna vinyo wofiira kwambiri: Barbaresco, Shiraz. Mavinyo a Sicilia adzakhala abwino. Amakhalanso angwiro a pasta al fenno - ophika mu uvuni.
Kuphika mtanda
Choyamba, sankhani ngati mukufuna mtanda woonda kapena dzira. Pachiyambi choyamba, muyenera kutsanulira madzi pang'ono mu ufa. Mukhoza kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono ku ufa wolimba, mukhoza - semolina (mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 1). Poyezetsa dzira, mudzafunika maolivi ndi mazira. Nthawi zina mazira sali mazira abwino, koma mazira a dzira kapena osakaniza mazira ndi yolks mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 3. Ndiye pasitala yokonzedweratu imapeza kukoma kotchulidwa, ndipo mbale imakhala yambiri komanso yokhutiritsa.
Sayansi yowombera mayesero ndi ofanana ndi zosankha zonse ziwiri. Fufuzani ufa wosafawo ndi phula, pangani ndodo pakati, phulani madzi mmenemo. Knead ayambe kuchokera m'mphepete mpaka pakati. Zosakaniza zonse zikhale firiji. Onetsetsani mtanda, nthawi ndikutambasula, mphindi 20, yomwe misa iyenera kukhala yunifolomu, yotanuka ndi yolimba. Ngati mukupanga phala lotani, sakanizani zowonjezereka ndi madzi kapena mazira. Mukhoza kupereka gawo loyamba la kukonzekera kwa mayesero, koma tikupatsanso mwatsatanetsatane kuti tibweretse "chikhalidwe". Pomaliza, yesani mpirawo, kuphimba ndi thaulo ndipo muzipuma "kutentha" kutentha kwa mphindi 40. Kenaka pezani ndi kudula ndi makina kapena manyolo, kupereka mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Musaiwale kukonzekera malo a pasitala womalizidwa: ayenera kukhala mopepuka odzaza ufa. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mtandawo nthawi yomweyo, koma zowonjezera zingasungidwe mu chidebe chosindikizidwa mufiriji (osapitirira masiku atatu).