Mtundu wa Episia (Latin Episcia Mart) ndi wa banja la Gesnerian. Malingana ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera 30-40. Amakula m'madera otentha a ku Central ndi South America. Mbalame zotchedwa herbaceous zobiriwira zimakhala ndi mphukira zakuda (mtundu wa tuber) wochokera pansi pamtunda ndi ndevu zamlengalenga; mphukira ndi pubescent. Masamba ali okha kapena otsutsana; khalani ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kwambiri, odetsedwa. Maluwa achikazi amakonzedwa mabokosi kapena amodzi, amajambulidwa mu zingwe zoyera kapena za buluu, zotupa, ndi zitsulo zisanu. Episia ndi chomera chokongoletsera, chosavuta kuyeretsa, ndi oyamba kumene chingathe kupirira. Iwo ali ndi masamba okongola kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola.
Mitundu
Maluwa okongola, omwe ali pansipa, malo otchuka kwambiri. Dziko lakwawo limaonedwa kuti Mexico. Chomera chotenthachi, chosatha, chimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya mphukira: zimakhala ndi masamba osweka kwambiri komanso zowonda kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zakuda ndi zaka, pa node zimawonekera ndi mwana wamkazi wa rosettes. Masamba aang'ono ndi masentimita atatu m'litali ndi 2 cm m'lifupi. Maonekedwe a masamba ndi osiyana - kuchokera ku elliptical kuti atumize. Tsamba la tsamba limakhala pambali pamphepete, mdima wandiweyani ndi mthunzi wapakati wa mtundu wofiirira, wokhala ndi velvety pubescent ndi short villi. Maluwa osakwatiwa ndi oyera, mu maritala ofiira, pamphepete mwazitsulo ndizophwanyika. Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri.
Chomera zomera
Kuunikira. Maluwa okongola samawakonda dzuwa, amalonda kuwala. Malo abwino kwambiri operekera malowa ndi mawindo akumadzulo ndi kummawa. Nthawi zambiri imakula pawindo la kumpoto. Pawindo lakumwera, chomerachi chiyenera kuikidwa pawindo kapena kupanga kuwala kwakukulu ndi pepala kapena pepala lopangidwa. M'nyengo yozizira zomera zimasowa kuunikira bwino.
Kutentha kwa boma. Mu nyengo zonse, tsambali limakonda kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C, musachepetse kutentha pansi pa 18 ° C. Pewani zojambula m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira. Maluwa a mchenga amavomereza kwambiri kuphwanya ulamuliro wothirira. Kwa iye, dampness yochulukirapo komanso yopanda nzeru kwambiri yowuma pamwamba ndi yoopsa. M'nyengo yotentha, kuyambira ku kasupe mpaka autumn, chomeracho chimasowa madzi okwanira ambiri monga apamwamba pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, malire kuthirira, koma musalole kuti dothi ladothi liume. Panthawi imeneyi, madzi a epicure amatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutatha dothi. Kwa ulimi wothirira, muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito madzi ofewa, osasunthika mu chipinda. Pangani madzi okwanira, kupeza madontho a madzi pa masamba a chomera ndi osafunika.
Kutentha kwa mpweya. Pofuna kuwonjezeka chinyezi. Musamapopera mankhwalawa, mwinamwake iwo amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba a pubescent. Pofuna kuwonjezera chinyezi kuzungulira chomeracho, mphika ukhoza kuikidwa pa khola ndi chinyezi chakuda kapena udothi wowonjezera. Onetsetsani kuti pansi pa mphika sakhudza madzi. Episia amamva bwino pamene akukula m'mabwinja komanso malo odyera.
Kupaka pamwamba. Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa msomali maluwa, mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, feteleza imachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera zovuta zamchere feteleza, kuchepetsedwa kawiri kawiri poyerekeza ndi ndondomekozo m'malamulo. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza, muyeneranso kuchepetsa maulendo 2 kuposa momwe mukufunira.
Kupanga chitsamba. Kalatayo iyenera kupangidwa, pamene imakula mofulumira. Pambuyo maluwa, muyenera kufupikitsa mphukira, komanso kuphatikizana ndi ma rosettes kuchokera ku nthambi zocheka kuti mubzalidwe mumphika womwewo, ndiye kuti chitsamba chidzakhala chowopsa kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya epiphy imafalikira mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala mizu m'miphika yoyandikana nayo, yomwe imachepetsa kukongoletsa kwawo. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipachike zomera kapena kuvala miphika, ndiye kuti zokwawa zokwawa sizikhala ndi mizu.
Kusindikiza. Kukula kwa mbeu kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa chaka ndi chaka, bwino masika. Zopweteka zimasankha kwambiri, koma miphika yotsika. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosavomerezeka kapena yosalowerera ndale (pH 5.5 - 6.5) ya zotsatirazi: tsamba la nthaka, peat (kapena malo otentha), mchenga wa mtsinje mwa magawo awiri: 1: 1. Kuti uwonjeze makala amagazi ndi sphagnum moss. Mbaliyi ingakhalenso yosiyana: tsamba lapansi, mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1, komanso kusakaniza kwa sphagnum ndi makala amagazi. Zokambirana zamalonda zimagwiritsa ntchito "Violet", ndi zina zotero. Musaiwale zazitsulo zabwino ndi zokopa zazikulu pansi pa chotengera.
Kubalana. Zigawo zimafalitsidwa vegetatively (cuttings) ndi mbewu.
Kubalana ndi cuttings ndiyo njira yosavuta yobereka. Akuwombera ndi malo omwe alipo (3-4), koma popanda mphukira kumbali ayenera kuikidwa m'madzi. Osati kumiza kwambiri, pafupifupi masentimita 3-4. Njira ina ndikuti muzuke mwana wamkazi wokhazikika popanda chitetezo kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuika mphika pafupi ndi toyimayi a amayi ndi a prikopat a mwana wamkazi mumtunda wobiriwira. Mavuto ndi rooting wa cuttings samachitika, rootlets amatha sabata imodzi. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa dothi pa nthawi yozembera pansi sikuli pansi + 18 ° C, ndipo chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndi 25 ° C. Pamene mbewu zazing'ono zimakula, zimayikidwa mu chidebe 2-3 masentimita awiri kuposa kale . Mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya mphika kwa chithunzi chachikulu chimakhala masentimita 20. Timadontho ta pulasitiki a epiphyles amatha kukhazikika mwachindunji mu gawo lapansi. Cuttings ayenera kugawidwa, kubzalidwa mu nthaka yowala miphika 7-9-sentimita ndi kuphimba mphika ndi mtsuko, potero kulenga mnyamata wamng'ono.
Zovuta za chisamaliro
Ngati mabala a bulauni amaonekera pamagulu a epic, amatanthauza kuti madzi ozizira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira mbewu. Kumbukirani kuti madzi ayenera kutentha.
Ngati masamba a kalatawo atembenukira chikasu, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimakhala ndi overdose wa feteleza, youma kwambiri ndi mpweya wozizira, komanso kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Ngati nthendayi imapezeka pa masamba ndi maluwa a epicia, ndiye chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi zovunda zakuda kapena powdery mildew. Matendawa amapezeka m'madera osauka, mwachitsanzo, akale akuyang'ana nthaka komanso m'chipinda chopanda mpweya wabwino.
Ngati chomeracho sichimasintha, ndiye kuti chimakhala chopanda kuwala, kusowa kwa zakudya za nthaka, kapena chipinda chimakhala chozizira kwambiri kapena mpweya wouma. Zomwezo zimachitika pamene zomwe zili muzochitikazo sizolondola panthawi yonse yopuma, komanso ndi feteleza wochuluka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowumitsa pansi.
Tizilombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, mphutsi za mealy, whitefly, mphere, thrips.