Ngakhale kuti zikuyenda bwino padziko lonse lapansi, mavuto a chisankho kwa amayi omwe akhalapo kwa zaka zambiri akhalabe.
Chithunzi cha mkazi wa m'zaka za zana la 21 ndi chidaliro, kupambana, kunyezimira ndi kukongola ndi thanzi. Koma kwa amayi ambiri okongola 3.3 biliyoni omwe amakhala padziko lapansi lino, ubwino wa zana la cybernetics sungatheke. Akupitirizabe kuchita zachiwawa, kuponderezana, kudzipatula, kusawerengera zachiwawa komanso kusankhana.
Taina Bien-Aime, yemwe ndi mkulu wa New York-based Equality Now, anati: "Zili kuchitika kulikonse. "Palibe dziko limene mkazi akhoza kumva kuti ali otetezeka kwambiri."
Ngakhale kupititsa patsogolo kwa ufulu wa amayi padziko lonse - kukhazikitsa malamulo, kulowerera ndale, maphunziro ndi ndalama - mavuto a mizu a manyazi a amayi omwe akhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Ngakhale m'mayiko olemera, pamakhala zowawa zapadera, pamene mkazi alibe chitetezo, ndipo amaukira.
M'mayiko ena - monga lamulo, mwa osauka kwambiri komanso omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mikangano, chiwerengero cha nkhanza chikufika poti moyo wa akazi umangokhala wosagonjetsedwa. Olemera akhoza kuwalemetsa ndi malamulo opondereza kapena kuthana ndi mavuto a chidziwitso chaching'ono cha anthu omwe ali pansi pamphepete. M'dziko lililonse, mkazi wathawa ndi mmodzi mwa anthu omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri.
Mavuto ali ponseponse moti n'zovuta kuchotsa malo oipitsitsa kwa amayi padziko lapansi. Muzofufuza zina, mavuto awo amayesedwa ndi khalidwe la moyo, mwa ena - ndi zizindikiro za thanzi. Magulu a chitetezo cha ufulu waumunthu kumayiko kumene kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa ufulu waumunthu kukuchitika, kuti ngakhale kuphana kumalingaliridwa kuti ndiyendetsedwe ka zinthu.
Kulemba ndi kulemba ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zabwino za momwe amai aliri m'dzikoli. Koma, molingana ndi Cheryl Hotchkiss, yemwe ali gawo mu gawo la Canada la polojekiti ya ufulu wa amayi Amnesty International, kumanga sukulu yokha sikokwanira kuthana ndi vuto la maphunziro ofanana.
"Mzimayi yemwe akufuna kupeza maphunziro akukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana," akutero. "Maphunziro akhoza kukhala omasuka komanso opanda mtengo, koma makolo sangatumize ana awo ku sukulu ngati angagwidwe ndi kugwiriridwa."
Thanzi ndilo chizindikiro china chofunika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusamalira amayi apakati, amene nthawi zina amakakamizidwa kuchita nawo maukwati oyambirira ndi kubereka ana, komanso kutenga HIV / HIV. Koma kachiwiri, ziŵerengero sizikhoza kusonyeza chithunzi chonsecho.
"Pa nyanja ku Zambia, ndinakumana ndi mayi wina amene sanamuuze mwamuna wake kuti ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV," anatero David Morley, mkulu wa nthambi ya Save the Children ku Canada, David Morley. "Anakhala kale m'mphepete, popeza analibe ana. Ngati atamuuza mwamuna wake, adzatayidwa kunja kwa chilumbacho ndikutumizidwa kumtunda. Anamvetsa kuti alibe chochita, chifukwa palibe cholakwika. "
Othandizira amavomereza kuti kuti apititse patsogolo miyoyo ya amayi m'mayiko onse, m'pofunika kuwapatsa ufulu. Kaya ndi mayiko osauka kwambiri ku Africa, kapena mayiko omwe amachititsa mantha kwambiri ku Middle East kapena Asia, kusowa kwokhoza kuthetsa tsogolo lanu ndi zomwe zimawononga miyoyo ya amayi kuyambira ali mwana.
Pansipa ndidzalemba mndandanda wa mayiko khumi omwe akukhala lero ndi woipitsitsa:
Afghanistan : Pafupifupi, mkazi wa Afghanistan amakhala ndi zaka 45 - uyu ndi chaka chimodzi chochepa kuposa munthu wa ku Afghanistan. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi atatu za nkhondo ndi kuponderezedwa kwachipembedzo, amayi ambiri sadziwa kuwerenga. Oposa theka la akwatibwi onse asanakwanitse zaka 16. Ndipo theka la ola limodzi mkazi amamwalira pakubereka. Nkhanza zapakhomo zikufalikira kotero kuti amayi 87% amavomereza kuti akuvutika nawo. Komabe, pali amasiye oposa wani miliyoni m'misewu, nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kuchita uhule. Dziko la Afghanistan ndilolokha komwe amayi amadzipha kwambiri kuposa amuna omwe amadzipha.
Democratic Republic of the Congo : kumayambiriro kwa dziko la Democratic Republic of the Congo, nkhondo inayamba, idakalipo anthu oposa 3 miliyoni, ndipo azimayi pankhondoyi ali patsogolo. Kubwezera kumakhala kobwerezabwereza komanso koopsa kwambiri kuti ofufuza a UN akuwatcha kuti sichinachitikepo. Ambiri amazunzidwa amafa, ena amatenga kachilombo ka HIV ndikukhala okha ndi ana awo. Chifukwa cha kufunika kopeza chakudya ndi madzi, amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiwawa. Pokhala opanda ndalama, osatengeka, osagwirizana, sangathe kupulumutsidwa.
Iraq : Kuukira kwa Iraq ku Iraq kuti "kumasulire" dziko la Saddam Hussein walowa mumzinda wa Jahannama. Maphunziro a maphunziro - omwe anali apamwamba pakati pa mayiko a Arabi, tsopano akutsikira kumsika wapansi, chifukwa mabanja akuwopa kutumiza atsikana ku sukulu, poopa kuti angagwidwe ndi kugwiriridwa. Akazi omwe ankagwira ntchito amakhala pakhomo. Azimayi oposa milioni amachotsedwa m'nyumba zawo, ndipo mamiliyoni amalephera kupeza ndalama zawo.
Nepal : maukwati oyambirira ndi kubereka amathetsa amayi osauka bwino a m'dzikoli, ndipo amodzi mwa makumi awiri ndi awiri (24) amatha panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba kapena pobereka. Atsikana osakwatiwa angagulitsidwe asanakwanitse. Ngati wamasiye amapeza dzina lakuti "bokshi", lomwe limatanthauza "mfiti", amachitira nkhanza komanso kusankhana. Nkhondo yaing'ono yapachiweniweni pakati pa boma ndi Maoist opandukira amachititsa akazi osauka kuti agwirizane ndi magulu achigawenga.
Sudan : Ngakhale kuti amayi a ku Sudan adalandira kusintha chifukwa cha malamulo osintha zinthu, zomwe akazi a ku Darfur (West Sudan) akhala akuipira. Kubwidwa, kugwiriridwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu kuyambira 2003 kuwononga miyoyo ya amayi oposa miliyoni. A Janjaweeds (a Sudan) amagwiritsira ntchito chida chogwiriridwa nthawi zonse, ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza chilungamo kwa omwe akugwiriridwa ndi zibambozi.
Pakati pa maiko ena omwe amai amakhala oipitsitsa kuposa miyoyo ya amuna, Guatemala yalembedwa, kumene amayi ochokera kumadera otsika kwambiri ndi osauka kwambiri akuvutika ndi nkhanza zapakhomo, kugwiriridwa komanso kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV / AIDS pakati pa Africa. M'dzikoli, mliri wa kupha koopsa, wosadziwika uli woopsa, kumene amayi ambiri amafa. Pafupi matupi a ena a iwo amapeza zodzazidwa ndi chidani ndi kusagwirizana.
Ku Mali, dziko losauka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, amayi ochepa amatha kupewa mdulidwe wopweteka kwambiri, ambiri amakakamizika kulowa m'mabanja oyambirira, ndipo amodzi mwa amayi khumi amamwalira panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba kapena pobereka.
M'madera akumalire a dziko la Pakistani, akazi amachitiridwa kugwiriridwa ndi gulu ngati chilango cholakwira anthu. Koma chofala kwambiri ndi kupha "ulemu" ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a chipembedzo chopambanitsa, cholinga cha amayi andale, mabungwe a ufulu wa anthu ndi alangizi.
Mu Saudi Arabia olemera mafuta olemera, amayi amawathandizidwa ngati omwe amadalira moyo wawo wonse pothandizidwa ndi wachibale wamwamuna. Wopanda ufulu woyendetsa galimoto kapena kulankhulana pagulu ndi amuna, amatsogolera moyo wongowonjezereka, akuvutika ndi chilango chowawa.
Ku likulu la Somalia, mzinda wa Mogadishu, nkhondo yapachiweniweni yowonongeka yaika akazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndiwo enieni a banja, akuzunzidwa. M'madera ogawidwa, amayi amazunzidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, amavutika ndi chisamaliro chosautsa panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba ndipo amawombera ndi zida zankhondo.
Mkulu wa bungwe la World Health Organisation, Margaret Chan, anati: "Ngakhale kuti akazi amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, sizingatheke kuti zinthu zisinthe m'mayiko komanso m'midzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusintha kwakukulu. Zinthu zambiri zovuta, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa m'makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, zimapitirizabe kukhala chopinga kwa amai ndi atsikana kuti athe kuzindikira zomwe angakwanitse komanso kupindula ndi chitukuko. "