M'lingaliro ladziko lapansi, mantha ndi mantha, chisokonezo, mwadzidzidzi kumapangitsa munthu kapena nthawi yomweyo anthu ambiri ndi kuyesetsa mwamphamvu kupeŵa ngozi. M'magulu osiyanasiyana a matenda, mantha oopsa (episode, nkhawa paroxysm) ndizosiyana, zosayembekezereka zochitika zopweteka kwambiri, nkhawa yaikulu kapena mantha, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zinayi zotsatirazi:
• palpitation yodziwika (mtima umatuluka kuchokera pachifuwa);
Kuwomba;
• kunjenjemera;
• kudzimva kukhala wopanda mphamvu kapena kusowa kwa mpweya;
• kutengeka kwa kutupa;
• ululu mu chifuwa;
• zosangalatsa zosapweteka m'mimba;
• chizungulire;
• kumverera kwa kupweteka kapena kugunda;
• Kuwombera kapena kusuntha magazi kumaso;
• lingaliro la zopanda pake za zinthu zoyandikana kapena kudzipatula kwa iwe ("manja adakhala ngati alendo");
• Kuopa kutaya kudziletsa kapena kutayika maganizo;
• Kuopa imfa.
Zizindikirozi zimayamba mofulumira, mosayembekezereka ndikufika pachimake pamphindi 10, pang'onopang'ono zimafika mkati mwa ola limodzi. Chimodzi mwa mavuto oterewa si matenda. Ambiri mwa miyoyo yawo amakumana ndi vuto limodzi loopsya motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha thanzi labwino. Koma ngati chiwerengero cha mantha chikufika pakadayi pa mwezi, mungathe kukambirana za matendawa ndikudziwitsani za "mantha a mantha".
Kwa nthawi yoyamba matendawa mu dziko lathu anayamba kulankhula ndi azimayi ndi a maganizo a maganizo mu 1993-1994, pamene anayamba kuwerengera zochitika zawo komanso zakunja. Pokhala ndi mantha opitilirapo, mungathe kuzindikira mchitidwe wotsatira.
Gawo loyamba ndi losauka kwambiri, pamene chiwerengero cha mantha chikutsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zosachepera zinayi kuchokera pamwambapa.
Pachigawo chachiwiri, zizindikiro zimatchedwa agoraphobia (kuchokera ku Greek agora - malo aakulu pamsika). Agoraphobia ndi mantha a malo amenewo kapena mikhalidwe yomwe kale yakhala ikuwopsya (mu filimu ya kanema, mu basi yathunthu, kuyendetsa galimoto, pamalo opanda kanthu, ngakhale m'nyumba yanu). Kuopa kubwereranso muvuto lovuta kwambiri, limene simungathe kupeza thandizo kwa wina.
Gawo lachitatu - hypochondria. Munthuyo akuwopa kuti vutoli lidzabwereranso (chomwe chimatchedwa chilakolako choyembekezera), amayamba kufunafuna chifukwa cha mantha omwe amachititsa mantha. Kufufuza kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kawirikawiri kumayambira ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana: akatswiri a cardiologists, odwala matenda a ubongo, otolaryngologists. Kupeza matenda osiyanasiyana: vegetovascular kapena neuro-circular dystonia, paroxysmal tachcarcardia, proral valve prolapse, matenda opweteka a m'mimba, matenda am'mawa, ndi zina zotero. Kufufuza kungathe kwa zaka zambiri, chithandizo chovomerezeka sichingatheke, ndipo matenda a thupi sapezeka. Mwamunayo watopa, mankhwala ndi madokotala amamukhumudwitsa. Amayamba kuganiza kuti akudwala ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka mosavuta komanso ovuta kwambiri.
Gawo lachinayi - kuchepa kwa phobic kupewa. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, zochepa zoyamba kuzunzidwa kwa munthu ndizowopsya kwambiri. Mphamvu yomwe mliri umaphatikizira wodwalayo imamupangitsa kuti apeze chipulumutso, ayitanitse ambulansi, apite kuzipinda zogona za zipatala zapafupi.
Pamene kugwedezeka kumabwereranso, nkhawa imayamba, pamene chiyembekezero cha chiukiro chatsopano chimapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo ndikuchita zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku. Munthu amatha kugwidwa ndi mantha ndi zochitika zina (kukhala pagulu la anthu poyendera sitolo, kuyenda mumsewu wapansi panthaka, m'lumba, kuyembekezera kupanikizana kwa magalimoto) ndikuyesera kuwapewa (kuyenda mofulumira, kutayidwa ndi tekisi, kawirikawiri kupita ku sitolo).
Gawo lachisanu ndilo kupezeka kwakukulu kwa phobic. Ngati wodwalayo sakuyenera kupita kuchipatala ndipo sanalandire thandizo lofunikira, akuipiraipira, khalidwe lake likuwoneka ngati kumangidwa kwawo mwaufulu. Ndizosatheka kupita ku sitolo nokha, kufika kuntchito, kuyenda galu, mukusowa kuthandizidwa ndi mamembala. Kuopa kwakukulu kumawononga moyo wonse, munthu amakhala wopanda thandizo, woponderezedwa, wopanikizika.
Iyi ndi siteji yachisanu ndi chimodzi - kusokonezeka kwachiwiri.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kufalikira kwa matenda opanikizika, kumafika anthu 3 pa 100%. Matendawa amayamba, kawirikawiri mpaka zaka 30, nthawi zambiri muunyamata, ngakhale ena amakula m'moyo wotsatira. Azimayi amavutika nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna. Pali umboni wakuti m'mabanja a odwala omwe ali ndi mantha odwala matendawa amapezeka katatu kambirimbiri. Ngati amayi akuvutika, ndiye kuti mwana wake amatha kukhala ndi mwayi wabwino.
Chifukwa cha vuto la mantha, ziwalo za majini, ndi maluso oyanjidwa okhudzidwa, ndipo kuphatikiza zonsezi zimaganiziridwa. Pali zizindikiro ndi matenda omwe angayambitse zofanana ndi mantha, koma izi sizowopsya. Kutenga khofi zambiri, psychostimulants (amphetamine, cocaine), mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zizindikiro za mantha.
Tsopano mukudziwa zambiri zokhudza mantha, zizindikiro, mawonetseredwe - momwe mungachitire, komabe katswiri ayenera kusankha. Mukuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chidziwitso cha anthu onse ndi chofunika bwanji kuti munthu wovutika asamavutike kwa zaka, pamene akuzinga makabati a polyclinic, ndipo popanda mantha ndi manyazi adatembenuzidwa kwa dokotala-maganizo opatsirana malangizo.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo, wophunzitsidwa njira yothandizira kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi mantha, amatha kupeza chithandizo choyenera pa nthawi, kupereka mankhwala othandiza, kuchepetsa nthawi ya matenda, ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwake kwa zizindikiro.
Mukhozanso kutanthauzira maganizo a filosofi ndi maganizo a mantha oopsa: matendawa ndi zotsatira za fano kapena moyo wa munthu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti akuchita zolakwika, chinachake sichichita.
Mwachikhalidwe, moyo wa aliyense wa ife ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Ponena za chigawo cha thupi chimalankhulidwa ndi kulembedwa zambiri, mutha kukumbukira kuti thupi lathu limafunikira zakudya zoyenera, pochita mwakhama, mu mtima wachikondi, mu mpumulo ndi chisamaliro. Chikhalidwe cha maganizo (kapena chaumwini) chikuphatikizapo banja, mlengalenga, makhalidwe a maubwenzi ndi okondedwa.
Anthu akukumana ndi mantha, ndibwino kudziwa malamulo angapo a chikhalidwe panthawi ya kuukira:
• khalani pomwe muli; chiwonongeko sichiopseza moyo ndipo mulimonsemo chidzadutsa paokha kwa mphindi 10-20, zopanda pake kwambiri ndi kuponyera mkhalidwe wathanzi kwambiri;
• Kupuma pang'onopang'ono ngati n'kotheka, ndi kupuma (mpaka mpweya 10 pamphindi); Kupuma mofulumira kumawonjezera nkhawa;
• Anthu oyandikana nawo ayenera kupeŵa kukangana, kulolera mwamtendere munthu kuti ayambe kupuma mofulumira;
• Ngakhale kuti mantha amantha ndi matenda, panthawi yaphungu munthu sangamasulidwe kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, ntchito, kuchokera kuntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku.