Mwanayo wakhala akuyang'ana mabala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mozizwitsa "akukula" pamtanda wochuluka wa mkate kapena mu mtsuko wa kupanikizana.
Kwa zinyenyeswazi, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati zodabwitsa: dzulo, mkatewu unkawoneka ngati wamba, ndipo lero ... wokutidwa ndi imvi, chikasu, buluu! "Ndi chiyani icho?" Kodi zinachokera kuti? Kodi ndizotheka kudya mkate woterewu? "- anafunsa pokachka pang'ono, kapena mwinamwake sinayambe ndi nkhungu, koma ndi matenda:" Madzulo ndimakhala wathanzi, koma lero? " Kapena wamng'onoyo anawona amayi ake akukuta mtanda wa yisiti: "Nchifukwa chiani chimaphwa pansi pa pini? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani zimatuluka mu phukusi? Ndipo ndani anapanga mabowo poyesera? "Ana sangayembekezere kuphunzira chirichonse!
Ndipo kwenikweni, timadziwa zotani za tizilombo tina ndi tizilomboti zomwe zimatizinga tsiku ndi tsiku?
Zolemba Zobisika
Anthu ambiri ndi otsimikiza kuti kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - chowopsya chimodzi ndipo ayenera kuyesedwa kuti awononge ndi njira zonse zomwe zilipo: Kusamba m'manja ndi sopo antibacterial ndikuthera ndi chithandizo cha makilomita asanu ndi limodzi a chipinda chokhala ndi othandizira a klorini. Winawake amatenga nyali za ultraviolet ku chipinda cha ana, m'malo mowaza manja: "Chabwino, tsatirani! Monga mu chipatala padzakhala: ukhondo ndi wofooka! "Koma, panthawiyi, asayansi akhala akudziwika kale - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena, monga momwe zimatchulidwira bwino, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zili paliponse, kotero kuti n'kopanda phindu kulimbana nawo. thupi lanu.
Nthawi zina mayi aliyense amadzifunsa yekha mabakiteriya omwe ali othandiza komanso omwe ali othandiza kwambiri kwa mwanayo. Komanso, popanda tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, moyo wapadziko lapansi sukanatha konse!
Kuzungulira dziko lonse kwa zinthu kumachitika mwachindunji ndi kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu: ngati ogwira ntchito ochepawo kamodzi atatha, dziko lapansi likanakhoza kuikidwa mwamsanga mwachitsulo cha zomera zakufa ndi zinyama zakufa. Amabwerera kunthaka kamodzi kokha mchere wodulidwa "utatulutsidwa" kuchokera mmenemo ndi zomera, motero kulamulira kubereka kwake, ndi zakudya zomwe ziri patebulo lathu tsiku ndi tsiku?
Koma izi zimagwiranso ntchito: kumwa mkaka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mkaka, yopangidwa ndi yisiti yobiriwira, yophika bwino ndi yosakaniza bwino, yosungidwa kwa ife zokometsera ndi zofiira, kusamalira ngakhale zosangalatsa zathu, kupanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kuyesa kutipatsa chakudya chokoma - Mwachitsanzo, tchizi ndi nkhungu zabwino "Roquefort" ndi "Camembert". Akatswiri a zamaphunziro amagwiritsa ntchito citric acid yotengedwa ku nkhungu (yomwe imakhalanso ndi microworld), agronomists - makonzedwe a bakiteriya olimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toonongeka, omwe amapanga zakudya zowonjezera, okonzekera zakudya zakutchire (monga silage), madokotala , katemera, mavitamini, mavitamini ... Timakumana ndi mapeto a ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kangapo patsiku, osaganizirapo.
Ndipo osaonekawo akukhala pa ife ndi mkati mwathu? Zoonadi, pali alendo omwe sali kuyembekezera, koma ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'gulu lolemekezeka la "Microflora" lachilengedwe: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madera ambiri mumakhala khungu komanso timagulu tambirimbiri, koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'matumbo, komwe amagwiritsira ntchito thupi laumunthu. kuthandizira kuti adye kwambiri zakudya zomwe zimabwera kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chimabwera, zina zimatulutsa mavitamini, omwe amatengeka ndi khoma la matumbo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziwalo za abale onsewa. Chachitatu (acidophilic ndi bifidoba terii, komanso E. coli) ndi mankhwala (m. e. kupondereza ntchito moyo) katundu wachibale putrefactive ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tizilombo.
Tsopano mumvetsetsa mabakiteriya othandiza komanso chifukwa chiyani ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mkaka wowawasa, makamaka ndi chiganizo cha "Bio" mu dzina (iwo ali ndi, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti apitirize kukhala m'matumbo mwachangu). (ndipo ambiri adzapambana), adzakhala komweko ndikukhazikika mizu kuti apindule ndi munthu.
Kuthamanga mu mafuta
Komabe, sizinthu zonse zokongola. Monga cholengedwa chirichonse m'chilengedwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizosiyana ndipo sitigwera pansi pa tanthauzo la "chovulaza" kapena "chothandiza kwambiri." Simungathe kuchotsa matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana komanso owopsa. Inde, asayansi aphunzira kulimbana ndi ambiri a iwo - m'madera ena ngakhale kupambana kwa mapulaneti kwagonjetsedwa, ndipo ena amatha kuganiza kwa kanthaŵi kochepa (mwachitsanzo, khate, kapena, monga amati, khate, chiwerengero cha milandu padziko lapansi chicheperachepera chaka chilichonse, koma pakalipano ndiyambe mwamsanga kunena za kupambana kwa munthu pa matenda). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zoopsa kwambiri pakalipano, ngakhale panthawiyi ya chitukuko cha mankhwala - mwachitsanzo, chifuwa chachikulu. Ndipo matenda atsopano amawoneka ndichisoni nthawi zonse: kumbukirani Edzi kapena matenda a nkhumba (ngakhale ambiri a iwo angatchedwe atsopano okha) - kawirikawiri izi ndi sayansi yakalekale, koma tsopano ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi zatsopano).
Kuwonjezera pa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana, ambiri mwa iwo amachititsa mavuto ena ndi ena - mwachitsanzo, kutsogolera chakudya. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi ndi mabwenzi omwewo: mabakiteriya a lactic amavuta mkaka watsopano; yisiti imayambitsa nayonso mphamvu ndi kuyamwa kwa timadziti ndi zipatso; nkhungu ... Komabe, ndi nkhungu zonse zimveka bwino. Mwamwayi, munthu waphunzira kuthana ndi vuto lamtundu uwu - nzosadabwitsa tsopano pali njira zambiri zosungira ndi zozizira: kuchokera ku banal otentha kupita kuchipatala, kutsekemera kowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuwonjezera pa alumali maulendo angapo kapena ngakhale dongosolo lalikulu.
Amene ayenera kuopa
Kuti muteteze ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupanga mabwenzi ndi othandiza (kapena opanda vuto), ndikwanira kusunga malamulo osavuta, odziwika bwino: kusamba m'manja musadye chakudya komanso mutapita kuchimbudzi, mutabwerera kunyumba kuchokera kulikonse, tsambulani masamba omwe adagula pamsika kapena m'sitolo ndi zipatso, kuyang'ana pa alumali moyo wa mankhwala, pa matenda a mliri, kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi othetsa odwala matenda. Ndipo kawirikawiri, malamulo onse a ukhondo ndi ukhondo sanasokonezedwe komabe, zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zonse. Pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Choyamba, monga kunanenedwa, mabakiteriya ndi spores a nkhungu nkhungu ziri paliponse, chotero kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikukhala motalika kwambiri. Chachiwiri, sizingowonongeka zokhazokha zomwe zimawonongeka, koma zina zonse (zothandiza ndi zosayamika zamoyo), ndipo asayansi atsimikizira kale kuti msonkhano wokhazikika ndi oimira a microworld ndi ofunika kuti apange chitetezo chodziwika kwa mwanayo. Ndipo, kachiwiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala amwano, omwe sagwiritsanso ntchito pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso pa zinyama ndi anthu.
Tiyeni tiyambe kusewera ndi mwanayo
Tidzachita masayansi asayansi, omwe amapereka mayesero osiyanasiyana pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zikuwoneka kuti microscope si nyumba iliyonse, ngakhale ngati ilipo, ndiye mabakiteriya ngakhale ndi zosavuta kuona - tikufunikira zipangizo zapadera, utoto ... Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zabwino kwambiri moti iwowo savuta kuziwona, koma ntchito zawo - chonde !! !! Choyamba, afotokozereni mwanayo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumene amakhala, zomwe akuchita, chifukwa chake sitikuwawona. Kenaka yambani kuphunzira zozizwitsa ndi zosiyana za microcosm! Ingokumbukirani kuti mayesero ena apangidwa kuti akhale aang'ono kwambiri, ndi ena - amapezeka kuti amvetsetse ana okalamba kale.
Nchifukwa chiyani mkaka unasintha?
Yesetsani kufufuza mosavuta - kutsanulira m'makapu osiyanasiyana a mkaka wosiyana: chosawilitsidwa (chokhala ndi thalafu lalitali), mankhwala osakanizidwa (ogulidwa) ndi owiritsa (mungathe kuwiritsa ndi mkaka wosasunthika). Ngati n'kotheka, mukhoza kuwonjezera mkaka wamtundu umene sunatengeke. Lolani mwanayo amutsatire yekha: tsiku lililonse amayang'ana mkhalidwe wa "maphunziro oyesa." Kwa mwana wamkulu, zingakhale zosangalatsa kusunga "Diary of Observations" - monga asayansi enieni!
Pamapeto pa phunzirolo, mwanayo apange mapeto - mkaka umene umathamanga msanga? Chifukwa chiyani? Makolo ayenera kufotokozera chomwe chinapangitsa kuti ayambe kuyamwa (mabakiteriya a lactic acid ali ofanana ndi onse ogulitsidwa mkaka ogulitsidwa ku sitolo), kumene mabakiteriya amachokerako (nthawi zambiri mabakiteriyawa amakhala nthawi zonse mkaka, amapezeka kumeneko amadyetsa, zitsamba zodyetsedwa ndi ng'ombe), momwe mungapewere kukamwa mkaka (chifukwa mkaka uwu umayamba kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwake (pafupifupi 60-80 C) kenako utakhazikika mwamsanga), chifukwa chiyani mkaka uyenera kusungidwa mozizira malo (mufiriji, chitukuko cha mabakiteriya onse chicheperachepera, kotero mkaka sumakhala wowawa kwa nthawi yayitali).
Kodi ndi mabowo angati omwe ali pamayeso?
Mwanayo ali ndi chidwi chodziwa yemwe anapanga mabowo ambiri mu mkate. Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino momwe mowa umathandizira (chomwecho ndi chodabwitsachi chimayambitsidwa ndi bowa lapadera kwambiri - chotupitsa ndi chotsitsa kumasula), pempherani kuti mwanayo pamodzi nanu mubwereze njira yonse yomwe imadutsa mkate musanafike pa tebulo. Pukuta mtanda ndi kuwonjezera cha yisiti, lolani kuti brew (panthawiyi yisiti iwonjezeke ku chiwerengero chofunikira ndikuyambitsa shuga yomwe ili mu ufa mowa ndi carbon dioxide) ndi kuphika. Mowa panthawi yophika idzasanduka nthunzi, ndipo mpweya wa mpweya udzasanduka mabowo omwe amachititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, ndi yisiti, mukhoza kuchita zambiri zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, bwerani mabokosi omwewo, koma ndi kuwonjezera kwa yisiti yosiyana - youma, yonyowa yothira kapena yokometsera, ndikuyerekeza kuti mtanda udzawoneka mofulumira. Zotsatira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi ndi mkate wotsatira wa mkate wopangidwa kunyumba. Mukhoza kuyesa zolembazo: onjezerani shuga, batala kapena mkaka, ndipo mutenge yisiti chimodzimodzi ndikuwonani mtundu wa yisiti umene umabweretsa bwino. Mukhoza kuwona zotsatira za kutentha kwa liwiro la mtandawo: onetsetsani mtanda wa zidutswa mu kutentha (pa batri, pafupi ndi chitofu), kuzizira (pawindo kapena mufiriji) ndi kuchoka kutentha. Zonse zomwe ayesetsedwera zidzawathandiza atsikana - amayi a mtsogolo muno! - kumvetsetsa ndi kukumbukira zofunikira za kubetcherana kwabwino kwa yisiti mtanda, ndi kwa anyamata - kupita ku zodzifunsa - kuti athandizidwe ndi amayi mumkhitchini osadziwika.
"Velvet" pa kirimu wowawasa
Pamwamba pa mankhwala ambiri a mkaka wowawasa (nthawi zambiri kirimu wowawasa kapena yogurt) mutatha kusungirako nthawi yaitali, nthawi zina mumatha kuona chovala choyera choyera. Izi ndizonso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timadziwika bwino - nkhungu nkhungu, makamaka, nkhungu zawo. Mosiyana ndi mabakiteriya a mkaka wobereketsa, nkhungu ya mkaka, ngati imapezeka mu mankhwala, siidya. Choncho, muziyamikira zachilengedwe "velvet" ndi kusiya katundu popanda zodandaula.
Ndani amakhala mu kvass?
Mwachidziwitso, kvass wakale kapena mowa, chikhalidwe chimodzi: kvass ayenera kukhala wachirengedwe, chomwe chimatchedwa kutentha kwa moyo.
Palibe chofunika kwambiri kuchita ndi izo sizowonjezera - ingolotsani mu chidebe ndikuyika khitchini patebulo. Musatseke chivindikirocho mwamphamvu. Pakapita nthawi, filimu yopapuka imapangidwa pamwamba pa kvass, yomwe imakhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri a acetic acid. Panthawi imodzimodzi, fungo la actic acid likuwonekera ndipo patapita nthawi. Fotokozerani kwa mwana kuti mabakiteriya awa amawoneka ngati mpweya, womwe uli mlengalenga, choncho imayandama pamwamba, ndipo osamira pansi; iwo ankakonza mowa womwe uli mu kvass, mu fungo la acetic acid.
Nchifukwa chiyani dzira silisokoneze?
Zomwe mungachite mutatha kumvetsera zomwe mwana ali nazo m'chilengedwe ndi zochitika za moyo - kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Chilichonse chimene chimachitika patebulo lathu, njira imodzi kapena mtsogolo, posakhalitsa mvula imatha kuwonongeka - imataya, rotes, nkhungu. Zonse, koma osati zonse! Ndipo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mukhoza kupeza zinthu zodabwitsa, zotetezedwa ku chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe - anyezi, adyo, uchi, dzira ...
Ndiwo otsiriza ndipo tidzakambirana. Limbikitsani wasayansi wamng'ono kuti aswe dzira la nkhuku, azilekanitsa yolk ndi kuyesa puloteni yaiwisi. Muyenera kutsanulira mu mbale zina ndikuziyerekezera, kuyika mankhwala osiyana mumatumba omwewo, monga mkaka. Mwanayo amafunika kuyembekezera kuti mapuloteni ayambe kuwonongeka. Kodi izi zidzachitika liti? Ngati nkhuku yomwe inanyamula dzira inali yathanzi, sizingatheke - puloteni, m'malo mwake, yowuma, kusiyana ndi yomwe imayamba kuvunda. Ndipo zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimamuthandiza pa ichi, chofunikira kwambiri ndi lysozyme (chomwe, mwa njira, chiri mu thupi la munthu - chiri mumatumbo ndi kutulutsa madzi), chomwe chimateteza zomwe zili mu dzira kuchokera ku mabakiteriya.
Mwinamwake, chochitika ichi chidzatsimikizira kuti, pang'ono, ndi nehochuhu kudya tepi yothandiza? M'mawu ake, pangani anzanu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikudziphunzitsa izi kwa mwana wanu - ndizosangalatsa komanso zothandiza. Limbikitsani mwanayo kuti asangalale ndi sayansi kuyambira ali mwana!