Meningococcus ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. M'mayiko otukuka, adanenedwa kuti ndi nkhondo kuposa zaka 10 zapitazo, ndipo chida chachikulu chinali choyenera katemera wa ana kuyambira miyezi iwiri. Ku Russia, makolo amatha kuteteza mwanayo kwa iye yekha. Mafuta a pneumococcus ndi a nasopharynx, pakati pa khutu ndi mapapo. Chaka chilichonse, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapha anthu 1 miliyoni 600,000, 800,000,000 - ana a zaka 2 mpaka 200,000 - ana a zaka 2 mpaka 5. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi madontho a m'madzi. Zonyamulira zake zazikulu ndi ana omwe akupita ku sukulu, sukulu ya pulayimale ndi sukulu ya pulayimale. Mabakiteriya amatha kugwedezeka kwa zaka zambiri ndikudzuka mosayembekezereka pambuyo pa kutentha kwa thupi kapena kutentha, nkhawa, kupsinjika mtima kapena kuzizira.
Gulu la ngozi
Choopsa kwambiri kwa pneumococcus ndi ana osapitirira zaka ziwiri. Bacteroyo imasiyana ndi anthu ena mumapangidwe apadera. Lili ndi nembanemba yamphamvu ya polysaccharide, yomwe maselo omwe amatetezedwa ndi munthu wamkulu angathe kuthana nawo. Popeza mwana wamng'ono ali ndi chitetezo choyamba chitangoyamba kupanga, sichikhoza kulimbana ndi chitetezo. Chachiwiri, makanda amakhala pafupi ndi matendawa, ndipo nthawi zina chiwerengero chimapita osati masiku, koma maola.
Zovuta kwambiri
Pneumococcus ingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana, owopsa kwambiri - chibayo cha meningitis ndi sepsis. Ndiwo amene amazunza ana osakwana zaka ziwiri. Kwa ana achikulire, kupyolera mu vuto la bakiteriya, otitis (kutupa kwa khutu la pakati) ndi sinusitis (kutupa kwa machimo a mphuno) nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Komabe, otitis chifukwa cha pneumococcus nthawi zambiri imabwereranso ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa purulent kutupa. Njira izi zingathandize kuti munthu asamve wogontha ndi kuchepa kwa kulankhula komanso kukula kwa maganizo. Chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka pneumococcal kawirikawiri imayika pa chimfine, zimakhala zovuta kuti makolo ndi ana aang'ono adziwe izi motsatira zizindikiro zofanana: malungo ndi chimfine. Kuti mudziwe bwinobwino, m'pofunika kupititsa kafukufuku wapadera, koma m'dziko lathu izi zimangotengedwa mu milandu yovuta kwambiri. Vuto lina: pa zaka khumi zapitazo, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tapanga mankhwala okana kwambiri ndi maantibayotiki. Pofuna kumwa mankhwala, madokotala nthawi zina amatenga masiku angapo.
Zofunika kwambiri
N'zovuta kusiyanitsa matenda a chifuwa cha chimfine kuchokera ku chimfine, koma n'zotheka kuzindikiritsa zizindikiro zambiri. Tiyeni tione milandu itatu yovuta kwambiri. Chibayo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a pneumococcus ndi omwe amachititsa kuti ana afe osakwana zaka zisanu. Mitundu ina ya chibayo ndi yosasangalatsa, koma nthawi zambiri imalowa mu chimfine. Kodi iwo angakhale osiyana bwanji? Ali ndi chimfine kapena chimfine, ngati mwana watenthedwa, amasewera, akukwawa, amathamanga, amadya ndi njala. Ali ndi matenda a bakiteriya, amagona kwambiri, amakhala atagona nthawi yaitali, amakhala wouma mtima, amakana kudya. Palinso zizindikiro za kuledzera (kuwonjezeka kwa mthupi mwa poizoni omwe ma tizilombo ta tizilombo timayambitsa): khungu la mwanayo limakhala lopweteka. Koma chizindikiro chodziwika cha chibayo ndi mpweya wochepa, womwe umawoneka pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, pa tsiku lachiwiri. Maningitis, kutupa kwa nembidzi za ubongo, kumayambitsa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 1 ndi 2, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha pneumococcus ndi ndodo yokhayokha, mwa ana akuluakulu - meningococcus. Maningitis pafupifupi sapita popanda tsatanetsatane, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pneumococcal imasiya mwanayo kulemala. Mabakiteriya amachulukira m'mayendedwe, ndipo popeza amaphimba ubongo wonse, zilonda zingathe kuchitika paliponse. Ngati kachilomboka kankafika ku mitsempha ya optic, ndi zovuta kwambiri, ubongo umachitika ngati khutu ndi wogontha. Zotsatira zina zowonjezereka ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito pa chitukuko cha maganizo, chomwe chingadziwonetsere patapita zaka zingapo pambuyo pa matendawa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ana amene apezeka ndi matenda a pneumococcal meningitis ali aang'ono ali kusukulu amakhala osasamala, osasamala, ndipo amasiyana ndi anzawo pa kupindula kochepa. Zizindikiro zowopsya - kuphwanya kufotokoza kwa chidziwitso, kuoneka kwa khungu la khungu, lakuthwa, kupyoza ndi kupfuula kwakukulu (chizindikiro chakuti mwanayo ali ndi mutu wamphamvu). Ana osapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotentha sangakhale, chifukwa panthawi ino kutentha kumachitika mosiyana ndi akulu; mwa ana okalamba, nthawi zambiri amatha kufika ku 40 C. Sepsis, matenda a bakiteriya m'magazi, kawirikawiri amachititsa staphylococci ndi streptococci, nthawi zambiri pneumococcus, E. coli ndi tizilombo tina timene timayika magazi, mabakiteriya amakhudza ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe, Pofuna kuimitsa ndondomekoyi, zotsatira zowononga sizingapewe, koma matendawa ndi osowa, ndipo si onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo izi zimadalira mtundu wa thupi ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuledzeretsa kwa thupi, khungu loyera la mtundu wa grayy (gray-yellow).
Chombo Choyenera
Njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera ku matenda a pneumococcal ndi katemera wanthaŵi yake. Momwemo, yoyamba inoculation iyenera kuchitika miyezi iwiri. Amakhulupirira kuti panthawiyi mwanayo amatha kutsekedwa ndi omwe amatchedwa "amayi omwe amatenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a amayi", omwe adalandira panthawi yomwe akuyembekezera. Kuphunzitsa mwanayo ndi kotheka ndipo kenako, pokhapokha padzakhala kuchepa nthawi zina. Ngati mumasankha chiwembu chomwe chimapereka chitetezo chokwanira, madokotala amatha katemera m'magulu awiri: kuyambira miyezi iwiri, mwanayo adzapatsidwa katemera katatu pakadutsa miyezi 1-1.5, ndipo womaliza m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo pa miyezi 15 kapena 18. Musanayambe katemera, m'pofunikira kupititsa mayesero: kudutsa mkodzo ndi kuyezetsa magazi, kusonyeza mwana kwa dokotala wa ana ndi matenda a ubongo, kuti asaphonye matenda aakulu, chifukwa chithandizochi chidzabwezeretsedwe kwa kanthawi. Katemera woteteza matenda a pneumococcal ndi otetezeka komanso osayambitsa mavuto, koma onse chifukwa chosalowetsedwa, ndiko kuti "osamalidwa". Malingana ndi chiwerengero, tsiku la katemera, kutentha kumawongolera mu 5-10%, ndipo kutentha kumagwa mosavuta ndi paracetamol. Kuwonjezera apo, katemerayu ndiphatikizidwa ndi katemera wa kalendala ya dziko lonse. Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe kwa mwana tsiku lomwelo monga katemera wa diphtheria, pertussis ndi tetanus (DTT), matenda a hepatitis B. poliomyelitis ndi matenda ena. Chinthu china chosavomerezeka choteteza katemera ndikuti imapha mabakiteriya "ogona". Ngati mumaphunzitsa mwana wokalamba, amasiya kukhala wonyamulira.