Zizindikiro za nthendayi
Mu mitsempha, kutuluka kwa kuwala kwa diso kumakhala kovuta. Nthenda yaying'ono siingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse. Zikuluzikulu zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatirazi: Kusachepetsedwa kwa ziwonetsero zooneka bwino ("utsi m'maso") - kumaphwanya zochita, monga kuwerenga kapena kuyendetsa galimoto; masomphenya nthawi zambiri amakhala owala kwambiri, komanso kutali ndi pakati; mawanga - akhoza kuwonetsedwa pa malo okhazikika m'munda wa maonekedwe; Diplopia (masomphenya awiri) akhoza kuwonedwa kokha pa diso limodzi ndi kupitiriza pamene diso lachiwiri latsekedwa; mapuloteni a lalanje - mphete zam'lanje zooneka ndi wodwala pafupi ndi magetsi kapena zinthu zilizonse zowala, chirichonse chozungulira chimakhala ndi lala lalitali; Kuwerenga mosavuta - odwala omwe ankafunikira magalasi kuti awerenge, nthawi zina samawagwiritsanso ntchito. Zosintha zokhudzana ndi Cataract mu mawonekedwe a lens amawonjezera myopia.
Zimayambitsa
Mitsempha yazeng'amba imatha kukhala: njira zokhudzana ndi zaka zowonongeka zimayamba mu diso; Kubadwa - chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana, monga rubella, kapena matenda osokoneza bongo monga galactosemia, limodzi ndi galactose m'mwamba mwazi; cholowa - m'mabanja ena ali ndi chibadwa choyambitsa matenda a ubongo ali wamng'ono; zopweteketsa - chifukwa cha kuvulaza kwa diso, mabala opunduka a zidutswa za magalasi kapena zidutswa zazitsulo, kapena machitidwe oyang'ana maso; Kutupa - odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la maso (iritom) ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka; Chifukwa cha shuga - ndi msinkhu wa shuga m'magazi, lenti ingakhoze kuonongeka; Maizoni - atakhala ndi dzuwa nthawi yaitali kapena ma radiation; Chifukwa cha corticosteroids - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali kungayambitse katemera; zokhudzana ndi matenda a khungu, monga atypical dermatitis. Odwala matenda a shuga omwe amagwiritsira ntchito insulini angathenso kudwala matendawa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa khungu kwa diso.
Zosokoneza
Matendawa amatha kupitiliza kufufuza diso kuti asatuluke matenda ena, monga glaucoma kapena retinal matenda. Odwala omwe ali ndi nthenda amatha kusonyeza malo omwe ali ndi gwero la kuwala, ophunzira awo mwachizolowezi amachitira kuwala. Pakapita nthawi, disolo likhoza kuoneka lofiira kapena loyera.
Ophthalmoscopy
Pogwiritsira ntchito ophthalmoscope (chida chapadera cha kuyang'anitsitsa kwa diso), munthu akhoza kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa cataracts. Pamene kuwala kwadutsa kudutsa mwa wophunzira wa kutalika pafupifupi 60 masentimita, khoma lakunja la diso likuwoneka lofiira (motero "maso ofiira" omwe amawonekera m'mafanizo). Cataract ikuwoneka ngati malo amdima.
Chilonda cha congenital
Ana onse obadwa kumene, komanso ana omwe ali pakati pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda ena a maso. Matenda a khungu omwe ali ndi matendawa ayenera kuperekedwa m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya moyo. Ngati palibe chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake, chitukuko cha masomphenya oyenera chingasokonezedwe, ngakhale chibwibwi m'zaka zapitazi chichotsedwa. Ophthalmologists amagwiritsa ntchito ophthalmoscope kuti ayambe kuyendetsa diso, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zingathe kutsimikizira kapena kusataya matenda a cataract. Palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda. Kumayambiriro koyamba, magalasi amdima amatha kuteteza kuyang'ana maso pamene kuwala kukuwala. Kuwala bwino kuchokera pamwamba ndi kumbuyo kungathandize powerenga.
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni
Ntchito yochotsa nthendayi (kuchotsa mchere) ndi yotetezeka. Izi ndizozimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa okalamba. Ku Russia, zowonjezera zikwi 300 zamatenda zimachitika chaka ndi chaka. Pakati pa odwala, akukhulupirira kuti mchere wodwalayo umatchulidwa kanthawi kochepa chabe, ndipo umakhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Pogwiritsira ntchito njira zopangira zamakono, kuchedwa kwa opaleshoni sikofunika. M'zigawo zina zamtundu wa cataract, chapakati, mbali yaikulu ya lens (khungu) ikhoza kuchepetsedwa asanachotsedwe ndi ultrasound. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, odwala ambiri amazindikira kusintha kwakukulu m'masomphenya. Komabe, kuwerenga kungafunikebe mfundo. Kawirikawiri ntchitoyi imagwira pansi pa matenda a anesthesia, okhala ndi chipatala cha tsiku limodzi.
Njira zothandizira
Zowonjezera zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pogwiritsira ntchito njira zamagetsi, dokotala amachotsa disolo pogwiritsa ntchito kachidutswa kakang'ono ka kapsule wake. Kuchokera m'kati mwachitsulo kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa diso lonse pamodzi ndi kapsule, kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito cryoprobe; njira iyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panjira yochepa. Odwala amachira mofulumira. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madontho ochuluka a anti-inflammatory ndi antibacterial kumafunika kwa milungu ingapo. Popanda lens, diso limayang'ana patali, koma silingathe kuganizira zinthu zakutali. Magalasi kapena kuyika kwa lens lopangidwira kumathandiza kukonza masomphenya. Magalasi - oyenera atatha kugwira ntchito, amawonjezera zinthu zakutali, koma amakhala ovuta komanso amachepetsa masomphenya; Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa implants kumateteza kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi. Mapuloteni a m'matumbo - Kukula kwa mapulogalamu a m'mimba (majekensi opanga mavitamini) akhala akuchitika kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, pamene anapeza kuti zidutswa za plexiglas kuchokera ku ndege zogwira ndege, zotsalira m'maso, sizimuvulaza, mosiyana ndi matupi ena achilendo. Zilonda zamakono zomwe zimapangika tsopano zimayikidwa mu capsule yopanda kanthu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni opangira mavitamini, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni a polymethyl-methacrylate ndi mapuloteni osakaniza omwe amatha kusintha. Cataract imayamba kukula pakapita nthawi ndipo ikhoza kuyambitsa khungu. Mwa kuletsa kuyezetsa kuchipatala mkati mwa diso, zimadwalitsa matenda a maso ena ochiritsidwa. Opaleshoniyo imabweretsanso masomphenya osasintha ngati palibe vuto lina la maso. Pakati pa ntchito yothandizira ndi nthendayi kudula kumapeto kwa cornea (dera likuzunguliridwa ndi bwalo). Izi zimapangitsa chilonda kuti chichiritse popanda kugwedeza. Pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa lens, nthawi zina kuphulika kwa kapule kumawonedwa, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwalawa angapangidwe. Cataract ndizofala chifukwa cha vuto la masomphenya kwa okalamba.